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The tissue distribution of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) was examined using immunohistochemical technique. Image analysis was done to quantify the immune reactivity. The ERα and PR was localized in luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium, stromal cells, endothelial cells and myometrium and few cells in perimetrium. The immuno staining was observed in the nuclei of cells, however, faint cytoplasmic staining for PR was also observed. Variations were seen in the different tissue compartments of the uterus and during the different phases of the estrous cycle. Significantly higher number of ERα positive cells was observed in lamina epithelialis as compared to stromal cells and smooth muscle cells in myometrium. Significantly higher percentage of ERα positive cells was observed in the lamina epithelialis and lining epithelium of endometrial glands during follicular phase as compared to the luteal phases of estrous cycle (P < 0.05). Higher number of PR positive cells was observed in lamina epithelialis as compared to stromal cells and smooth muscle cells in myometrium (P < 0.05). Higher percentage of PR positive cells was observed in the lamina epithelialis during follicular phase as compared to the luteal phases of estrous cycle (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the immuno reactivity in stromal cells, lining epithelium of endometrial glands and smooth muscle cells of myometrium during the phases of estrous cycle. The study concluded that ERα and PR expressions were higher during follicular phase as compared to the luteal phase
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Objective: To analyze the concordance rates of estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR),human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2),and Ki67 statuses between the primary and loco-regional recurrence (LRR) lesions and its influence on the following treatment in breast cancer patients. Methods: The breast cancer patients undergoing surgery in Comprehensive Breast Health Center,Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2009 to September 2018,who were reported recurrence only in loco-regional site were retrospectively analyzed. ER,PR,HER-2,and Ki67 statuses were detected in primary and LRR lesions. Concordance rates and their influence on following treatment were further analyzed. Results: A total of 7 823 breast cancer patients received surgery,among whom 106 cases experienced LRR without distant metastasis. There were 56 patients having full information about ER,PR,HER-2,and Ki67 statuses of LRR lesions,with the positive rates of 48.2%,25.0%,35.2%,and 81.5%,respectively. Concordance rates of ER,PR,HER-2,and Ki67 between primary and LRR lesions were 76.8%,76.8%,89.1% and 77.8%,with κ values at 0.538,0.469,0.729,and 0.402,respectively. Hormone receptor (ER or PR) (14 cases) and/or HER-2 (6 cases) statuses were altered in 18 patients. The hormone receptor status changed from positive to negative in 9 cases,of which 4 cases did not receive following endocrine therapy. The HER-2 status changed from negative to positive in 4 patients,and 1 of them received following anti-HER-2 targeted therapy. Conclusion: The concordance rates between primary and LRR breast cancer lesions of ER,PR,and Ki67 are moderate,and the concordance rate of HER-2 is high. Changes in receptor status in LRR lesions may affect the choice of following treatment options.
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@# Objective: To modify traditional prognostic model for patients with ER/PR+, HER2- breast cancer to meet the actual requirements in current clinical practice. Methods: 335 patients with ER/PR+, HER2- breast cancer, who were admitted in Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Huangpu Center Hospital from January 2009 to December 2009, were enrolled in this study. 97 variables were incorporated into the model, using SCAD variable selection method, after fully considering whether covariates existing a log-linear relationship, reasonable determination of the cut-off value of the covariates in non-logarithmic linear relationship (piecewise linear relationship) and collinear and interaction, then we set up a new Cox regression prognostic model for traditional ER/PR+, HER2-type breast cancer patients with traditional immunohistochemical indicators, and further establish its nomogram model. On this basis, a nomogram of the survival probability of 1-, 3-, and 5- years after surgery was established; The discrimination and calibration of model were compared to evaluate the predictive ability of the model. Results: The Cox regression model shows that the prognosis of patients are associated with the histologic grade, lymph node metastasis, Ki67, PR and age etc. Among them, the histologic grade and lymph node metastasis have log-linear relationship with prognosis; Ki67, PR and age have non-log-linear relationship with prognosis and the reasonable cut-off values are Ki67(60%)，PR（20%）and age（55 years old） . Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve（AUC）of this Cox model for 1-, 3- and 5- year survival after surgery are all above 0.85, indicating high discrimination. The Grønnesby-Borgan goodness-of-fit test statistics of this model is 1.37 with P>0.05, indicating good calibration. Conclusion: The modified nomogram.could accurately, directly and effectively predict the survival probability of patients, which may exert good guidance for the clinical practice for patients with breast cancer.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the regulating effect of thyroid pathway on electroacupuncture (EA) for mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) so as to provide new research ideas for the mechanism of EA for MGH and to provide the evidence for clinical application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty adult female SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an EA group, an EA with thyroidectomy group, an EA with sham operation group, 12 rats in each one. Except the blank group, the MGH model was established. Thyroid ablation was performed in the EA with thyroidectomy group, and sham operation was used in the EA with sham operation group, exposing thyroid without excision, 1 day after model establishment. EA was applied in the EA, the EA with thyroidectomy, and the EA with sham operation groups on the 4th day after model establishment, and not used in the other groups, but catching, routine disinfection and fixation were all the same as the above groups. The acupoints in the group A were bilateral "Tianzong" (SI 11), "Ganshu" (BL 18) and "Zusanli" (ST 36); and those in the group B were bilateral "Wuyi" (ST 15), "Hegu" (LI 4) and "Danzhong" (CV 17). The two groups of points were alternately used. EA, continuous wave, 2 Hz and 1 mA, was connected at "Tianzong" (SI 11) and "Ganshu" (BL 18), "Wuyi" (ST 15) and "Hegu" (LI 4) at the same side, 2 pairs EA a time, 20 min a time, once a day. All the intervention was given for 4 courses, 5 times as 1 course with 2 days between courses. After intervention, the height and diameter of the rat papilla were measured. Estrogen (E) and progestational hormone (P) in the serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the contents and protein expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the mammary glands were detected by immunofluorescence and Western-blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The height and diameter of papilla in the model group increased compared with those in the blank group (both <0.01). The height and diameter of papilla in the EA, EA with sham operation groups reduced compared with those in the model group (all <0.01). Those in the EA with thyroidectomy group were lower than those in the model group, without statistical significance (both >0.05). (2) Compared with the blank group, E increased and P decreased in the model group (both <0.01). Compared with the model group, E decreased and P increased in the EA and EA with sham operation groups (all <0.01). The contents of E and P had no statistical significance between the model and the EA with thyroidectomy groups (both >0.05). (3) Compared with the blank group, the ERα content and protein expression increased and the PR content and protein expression decreased in the model group (all <0.01). Compared with the model group, the ERα content and protein expression decreased and the PR content and protein expression increased in the EA and EA with sham operation groups (all <0.01). The ERα and PR content and protein expression had no statistical significance between the model and the EA with thyroidectomy groups (all >0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effect of EA for MGH may be closely related to the regulation of thyroid.</p>
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Objective: To analyze the relationship of the expression level of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2, c-erbB-2) of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with ultrasonographic characteristics. Methods: Totally 104 patients with IDCs confirmed pathologically were involved in this study. ER, PR and c-erbB-2 expression in the IDC specimens was determined by immunohistochemical staining technique. The correlation between the ultrasonographic features and the positive expression of ER, PR or c-erbB-2 was analyzed. Results: The positive expression rate of ER and PR in the group with tumor spiculation sign and posterior acoustic attenuation was higher than that in the group without. The positive expression rate of ER differed significantly (P 0.05). The over-expression rate of c-erbB-2 in the group of microcalcification, sufficient blood flow and axillary lymph node metastasis was higher than that in the group of non-microcalcification, deficient blood flow or without axillary lymph node metastasis (P 0.05). Conclusion: The expression of ER and c-erbB-2 is closely related to the ultrasonographic characteristics of IDC, which may, to some extent, reflect the expression level of ER and c-erbB-2.
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Objective To analyze the relationship of the expression level of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2, c-erbB-2) of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with ultrasonographic characteristics. Methods Totally 104 patients with IDCs confirmed pathologically were involved in this study. ER, PR and c-erbB-2 expression in the IDC specimens was determined by immunohistochemical staining technique. The correlation between the ultrasonographic features and the positive expression of ER, PR or c-erbB-2 was analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of ER and PR in the group with tumor spiculation sign and posterior acoustic attenuation was higher than that in the group without. The positive expression rate of ER differed significantly (P<0.05) while that of PR did not (P>0.05). The over-expression rate of c-erbB-2 in the group of microcalcification, sufficient blood flow and axillary lymph node metastasis was higher than that in the group of non-microcalcification, deficient blood flow or without axillary lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The expression of ER, PR and c-erbB-2 was not related to the size of tumor (P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of ER and c-erbB-2 is closely related to the ultrasonographic characteristics of IDC, which may, to some extent, reflect the expression level of ER and c-erbB-2.
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Estrogen and progesterone receptors exist in the epithelial and stromal cells of the endometrium. Proliferative disorders of the endometrium may be associated with autocrine and paracrine actions of estrogen and progesterone in epithelial and stromal cells. This study was performed to evaluate the differences estrogen and progesterone receptor(ER/PR) expression in the epithelial and stromal cells of endometrial hyperplasias and adenocarcinomas using immunohistochemical methods. Immunohistochemical analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) was done to evaluate a possible correlation between PCNA and hormone receptor expression. Evaluation was based on samples from 31 simple hyperplasias, 30 complex hyperplasias, and 32 adenocarcinomas. The immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR and PCNA in epithelial and stromal cells were examined according to a scoring system based on the percentage of positive cells and the staining intensity. The results were as follows; 1) The expression of ER and PR in epithelial cells showed a graded, significant decreases in simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma, in that order(ER: P=0.008, PR: P= 0.026). 2) PR expression in the stromal cells showed a significant decrease between hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma(P=0.003). The difference in ER expression was not significant. 3) In stromal cells, the decrease in PR expression was more prominent than the decrease in ER expression when complex hyperplasia was compared to simple hyperplasia. 4) The PCNA expression in simple and complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma was not higher than the expression of PCNA in nomal proliferative endometrium. There was no significant difference in PCNA expression between simple and complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma(P=0.073). 5) A negative correlation between PCNA and ER/PR expression was not demonstrated in simple and complex hyperplasia, or in adenocarcinoma. Endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma are probably related to a paracrine action of estrogen and progesterone in epithelial and stromal cells. A progressive loss of PR expression in stromal cells may induce abnormal proliferation of endometrium due to a disrupted hormonal balance.
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AdenocarcinomaABSTRACT
Fibroblast growth factor(FGF) is a mitogen and a potent antigenic factor. It is also known as a differentiation factor for neuroectodermal-derived cell. It has been observed to be expressed in more than 90% of m-RNA of human meningiomas and gliomas. Progesterone receptor(PR) is well known surface receptor of meningioma and its number is greater than that of estrogen receptor. It is one os the known prognostic factors of meningioma. Meningiomas themselves are regarded as benign tumors in general, however some types show aggressive features. In the present study, authors examined the expression of FGF-1 and PR in meningioma tissues using immunohistochemical techniques with monoclonal antibody against human FGF-1 and PR. FGF-1 was detected in 25 of 35 classic meningiomas and in 7 of 9 aggressive ones. PR is expressed in 5 cases of classic and 2 cases of aggressive meningiomas. These results suggest FGF-1 may be involved in aggressive progression of meningioma. There was no significant difference of aggressiveness and expression of FGFR-1 and PR between classic and aggressive meningiomas, including their subtypes.