ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Discutir el desarrollo y la implementación de una experiencia de aprendizaje de servicio diseñada para mejorar el estado de salud de las poblaciones vulnerables en un país de ingresos medios a través de la implementación de programas basados ââen la ciencia diseñados para abordar las "Diez amenazas a la salud global" de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. "Métodos: describe el desarrollo pragmático de una experiencia de aprendizaje de servicio diseñada para proporcionar experiencias prácticas a los estudiantes de medicina y salud pública a medida que se convierten en profesionales en países de ingresos medios altos y bajos. Resultados: "Explorando los determinantes sociales globales de la salud en la República Dominicana", originalmente diseñado como una experiencia de observación de los determinantes sociales de la salud, se ha convertido en una experiencia de aprendizaje experimental diseñada para ayudar a los estudiantes en la aplicación de su conocimiento y experiencia en salud pública. Conclusión: Los profesionales de la salud pública, incluidos los que están en capacitación, tienen la responsabilidad de implementar acciones diseñadas para mejorar el estado de salud de las poblaciones de todo el mundo. Los programas de servicio de aprendizaje como "Explorando los determinantes sociales globales de la salud en la República Dominicana" brindan esas oportunidades prácticas.
Objective: To discuss the development and implementation of a service learning experience designed to improve the health status of vulnerable populations in a middle-income country through the implementation of science-based programs designed to address the World Health Organization's "Ten Threats to Global Health." Methods: Describes the pragmatic development of a service learning experience designed to provide hands-on experiences to public health and medical students as they develop into professionals in high-middle-and low-income countries. Results: "Exploring Global Social Determinants of Health in the Dominican Republic," originally designed as an observational experience of social determinants of health, has evolved into an experiential learning experience designed to assist students in the application of their public health knowledge and experience. Conclusion: Public health professionals, including those in training, have a responsibility to implement actions designed to improve the health status of populations around the world. Service learning programs such as "Exploring Global Social Determinants of Health in the Dominican Republic," provide those hands-on opportunities.
ABSTRACT
Background: The success of any program is measured by continuous monitoring through service statistics for a periodic oversight and through evaluation surveys to measure the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency and impact of activities in the light of specified objectives. Service statistics need a lot of indicators to be tracked on a regular basis. The service statistics provide us with numerators. To understand the numerators more meaningfully, we need to standardize them by using specific denominators. So, denominators have to be estimated, which can enable computation of indicators for monitoring purposes. Census and Large scale sample surveys provide proportions to calculate denominators for program monitoring purposes.Methods: This paper uses demographic techniques to estimate denominators for all the countries for which data from the world population prospects is available.Results: The denominators have been estimated for number of infants, children and women of reproductive age and elderly in the age group of 60+ years.Conclusions: The estimations of denominators at the sub-national levels becomes quite challenging due to the scarce availability of data to be used as proportions for different population groups. But, once, the methodology is improved with appropriate data, it could serve as a boon for annual program monitoring process at multiple data time points between two national surveys.
ABSTRACT
Nurses are at the forefront of providing hands-on care to patients infected with HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Therefore, appropriate and sensible infection control precaution should be taken at all times. The purpose of this study is to find out nurse's learning needs about HIV/AIDS ; and nurse's willingness to perform nursing care to HIV/AIDS patients ; and the degree of following universal precautions in nursing care ; and the degree of knowledge of HIV/AIDS to provide information on the guide for the further continuing education. The respondents of this study were 280 nurses in a university hospital in Kwang-Ju city. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by using percentages, means, Pearson's correlation, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's grouping. The findings were as follows ; 1. The mean age of the nurses was 28.9 years, and the mean duration of their clinical experience was 6.8 years. Majority of the nurses(83.9%) had no experience in taking care of the AIDS patients. 2. The contents nurse's need to learn were showed in order such as clinical manifestations, infection control, patient care, and the mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS. 3. Even though the nurses had quite low knowledge about HIV/AIDS(mean score was 12.2 from the total of 26), they are willing to take care of the AIDS patients (mean score was 39.5 from the total of 60), and the degree of following universal precaution was also not so bad (mean score was 40.8 from the total of 50). 4. Nurses who are over 35 years old and had informal education regarding HIV/AIDS better following universal precautions. Nurses who had over 12 years of clinical experiences have more willingness to perform nursing care to the AIDS patients. Nurses who had experiences in taking care of the AIDS patients were more knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS. These findings suggest that some strategies should be develope to increase the willingness to perform the nursing care to the AIDS patients. And also continuing education program should be develope and run for the clinical nurses so that they can provide effective and appropriate nursing care to the AIDS patients.