Prospective study of ocular and periocular diseases in animals: 188 cases / Estudo prospectivo de doenças oculares e perioculares em animais: 188 casos

istopathology of the ocular and periocular tissues submitted for diagnosis and research is still incipient in Brazil, in contrast to veterinary clinical ophthalmology. In this study, ocular and periocular tissues from domestic and wild animal species, mainly from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated between February 2012 and September 2015. The samples were analyzed grossly and microscopically. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were performed on some of the samples. The frequency, type of ocular alteration, affected animal species, and affected ocular or periocular tissues were recorded. One hundred eighty-eight ocular and periocular tissues from domestic and, occasionally, wild animals were examined. Nine animals presented two concurrent alterations, adding up to 197 alterations. Proliferative lesions were the most frequent (92), followed by traumatic (43), inflammatory (37), degenerative (18), developmental (4) and vascular/hemorrhagic diseases (3). The globe was the most affected structure (112), followed by eyelids (52), third eyelid (17), bulbar conjunctiva (14) and retrobulbar region (2). Neoplasms arising from periocular tissues were the most frequent alteration (60), possibly related to a more active surgical service and histopathologic evaluation request. Many animals presented ocular lesions that reflected systemic diseases, which were diagnosed by necropsy and examination of other organs. Particularly in cases of neoplasia, early detection and surgical treatment can prevent systemic involvement. Ocular histopathologic evaluation can provide better characterization and prognosis of the clinical-pathological condition of the patient as well.(AU)

O envio de bulbos oculares e tecidos perioculares para histopatologia na rotina diagnóstica e pesquisa ainda é incipiente no Brasil, diferentemente da área de oftalmologia clínica veterinária. Neste estudo, olhos e tecidos perioculares de animais domésticos e silvestres, especialmente provenientes do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, foram avaliados entre fevereiro de 2012 e setembro de 2015. As amostras foram analisadas macro e microscopicamente. Em algumas amostras, histoquímica e imuno-histoquímica também foram realizadas. Frequência, tipo de alteração ocular, espécie animal e estrutura ocular e/ou periocular acometidas foram registrados. Foram examinados 188 bulbos oculares e tecidos perioculares de animais domésticos e, ocasionalmente, silvestres. Nove animais apresentaram duas alterações concomitantes, totalizando 197 alterações. Doenças neoplásicas foram as mais frequentes (92), seguidas pelas traumáticas (43), inflamatórias (37), degenerativas (18), de desenvolvimento (4) e vasculares/hemorrágicas (3). O bulbo ocular foi a estrutura mais acometida (112), seguida pelas pálpebras (52), terceira pálpebra (17), conjuntiva bulbar (14) e região retrobulbar (2). Neoplasmas com origem em tecido periocular foram a alteração mais frequente (60), possivelmente relacionado a uma rotina cirúrgica mais ativa e consequente solicitação de avaliação histopatológica. Muitos animais apresentaram lesões oculares como reflexo de doença sistêmica, as quais foram diagnosticadas por necropsia e análise de outros órgãos. Particularmente em casos de neoplasia, detecção precoce e tratamento cirúrgico podem evitar envolvimento sistêmico. Ademais, a avaliação histopatológica ocular é capaz de oferecer melhor caracterização e prognóstico de condições clínico-patológicas do paciente animal.(AU)

Lesiones proliferativas más frecuentes del complejo bucomaxilofacial / Most frequent proliferative lesions of the Buco Maxillofacial Complex

Introducción: las lesiones proliferativas son entidades que se presentan en la cavidad bucal. Algunas son de origen traumático y otras son neoplasias. Con frecuencia no son bien diagnosticadas en la clínica, por la similitud que pueden presentarse entre ellas. Objetivo: determinar las características de las lesiones proliferativas diagnosticadas y la coincidencia entre el diagnóstico clínico y el histopatológico. Método: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de las biopsias procesadas en cinco años en el Departamento de Patología de la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana atendiendo a edad y sexo del paciente, tipo de lesión, localización anatómica y coincidencia entre el diagnóstico clínico y el histopatológico. Resultados: se encontró que de las lesiones proliferativas, las pseudotumorales aportaron el 18,1 por ciento y las neoplasias benignas el 5,8 por ciento. En el grupo de edad de 10 a 19 años las lesiones pseudotumorales representaron el 7,78 por ciento y las neoplasias benignas el 1,78 por ciento. En el grupo de 60 años o más, las lesiones pseudotumorales aportaron el 22,67 por ciento del total de lesiones proliferativas. El sexo femenino resultó afectado por lesiones pseudotumorales en 61,3 por ciento y las neoplasias benignas afectaron al sexo masculino en un 55 por ciento. La hiperplasia fibroepitelial representó el 54,22 por ciento de las pseudotumorales, mientras que el nevus aportó el 8,67 por ciento entre las neoplasias benignas. Los diagnósticos clínicos de las lesiones pseudotumorales coincidieron en un 50,4 por ciento con los histológicos, para las neoplasias benignas la coincidencia fue del 53,2 por ciento. Conclusiones: las lesiones pseudotumorales predominaron sobre las neoplasias benignas, con un incremento marcado de ambos tipos de lesiones a partir de los 40 años. En el sexo femenino predominaron las lesiones pseudotumorales, y en el masculino predominaron las neoplasias benignas. Se encontró una baja coincidencia entre el diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico para ambos tipos de lesiones(AU)

Introduction: proliferative lesions are entities that are present in the buccal cavity. Some of them are of traumatic origin and others are neoplasias. Frequently, they are not well diagnosed in the clinical practice because of the similarity that can exist among them. Objective: to determine the characteristics of the proliferative lesions diagnosed and the coincidences between clinical and histopathological diagnosis Method: a retrospective study of the biopsies processed during five years in the Department of Oral Pathology of the Faculty of Stomatology of Havana was conducted dealing with age, sex, type of lesion, anatomic location and similarities between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis. Results: it was found that, of the proliferative lesions, the pseudotumoral ones reported the 18.1 percent and the benign neoplasias, the 5.8 percent. In the age group 10-19 years, pseudotumoral lesions represented the 7.78 percent and the benign neoplasias the 1,78 percent. In the group of 60 years or older, pseudotumoral lesions reported the 22.67 percent of the total of proliferative lesions. The female sex resulted to be affected by pseudotumoral lesions in a 61,3 percent and the benign neoplasias effected the male sex in a 55 percent. Fibroepithelial hyperplasia represented the 54.22 percent of the pseudotumoral ones, whereas the nevus reported the 8.67 percent among the benign neoplasias. The clinical diagnosis of the pseudotumoral lesions matched up a 50.4 percent with the histological; for benign neoplasias, the coincidence was 53.2 percent. Conclusions: pseudotumoural lesions predominated on benign neoplasias, with a marked increase in both types of lesions after 40 years. Pseudotumoural lesions predominated in the female sex, whereas the benign neoplasias predominated in the male sex. There was a low coincidence between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis for both types of lesions(AU)

Granuloma central de células gigantes / Giant cells central granuloma

El granuloma reparativo central de células gigantes es una lesión proliferativa no neoplásica de etiología desconocida. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 40 años de edad, portador de prótesis parcial superior. Fue remitido al Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital V I Lenin por presentar aumento de volumen en reborde alveolar superior, de color rojo grisáceo y que provocaba expansión de corticales óseas. Una vez analizados los exámenes clínicos, radiográficos e histopatológicos se diagnosticó un granuloma reparativo central de células gigantes Se realizó exéresis quirúrgica de la lesión y extracción de dientes adyacentes con una evolución satisfactoria sin señales de recidivas luego de tres años del tratamiento. El granuloma reparativo central de células gigantes se presentó como respuesta a un trauma. La correcta interpretación de los datos clínicos, radiográficos e histopatológicos nos permitió llegar al correcto diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento(AU)

Giant-cell central reparative granuloma is non neoplastic proliferative lesion of unknown etiology. We report a 40 years old male patient who was admitted at the Maxillofacial Service of the V I Lenin Hospital. The patient had partial upper prosthesis and was complaining of red-grey volume increase lesion in upper alveolar ridge which led to the expansion of cortical bone. Having analyzed clinical, radiographic and histopathological findings the case was concluded as a giant-cell central reparative granuloma. Surgical exeresis and adjunct tooth extraction were done. After three years of treatment, satisfactory follow up without recurrence is reported(AU)

Expression of p53, p21waf1/cip1, Cyclin D1 and Rb in Gastric Epithelial Proliferative Lesions

BACKGROUND: Aberrations of cell cycle-related genes have been reported to contribute to the formation and development of various human tumors. To investigate the gastric carcinogenesis, the expression of cell cycle-related genes (p53, p21wafl/cipl, cyclin D1 and Rb protein) compared to the morphological changes of gastric epithelial lesions were studied. METHODS: The expression of p53, p21wafl/cipl, cyclin D1 and Rb protein was immunohistochemically studied in a series of surgical specimens including the 36 normal/regenerating lesions and the 127 gastric epithelial proliferative lesions (GEPLs). The gastric epithelial proliferative lesions consisted of 25 regenerating epithelia with atypias (REAs), 27 low grade gastric dysplasias (LGDs), 17 high grade dysplasias (HGDs), 24 early gastrc carcinomas (EGCs), and 34 advanced gastric carcinomas (AGCs). RESULTS:The frequency of p53 protein overexpression was significantly associated with histologic grades of GEPLs (p=0.031); occurring in 4% of REAs, in 14.8% of LGDs, in 23.5% of HGDs, in 41.7% of EGCs and 58.9% of AGCs. The p21 wafl/cipl immunohistochemical reaction showed superficial eccentric positivity, representing an inverse correlation with histologic grades of GEPLs (p=0.04); occurring in 83.4% of normal/regenerating lesions, in 80% of REAs, in 74.1% of LGDs, in 29.4% of HGDs, 20.8% of EGCs and 8.8% of AGCs. Although Cyclin D1 and Rb proteins were expressed highly in the GEPLs, the frequency of both proteins were insignificantly associated with histologic grades of GEPLs (p=0.092). However, cases with both the Rb and cyclin D1 positivity were increased with statistical significance along histologic grades of GEPLs (p=0.044). CONCLUSIONS: The altered expression of p53, p21, Rb, and cyclin D1 was considered to be related to dysplastic progression and advancement of malignancy in GEPLs. Therefore, immunohistochemical studies of cell cycle related proteins and a combined analysis may be useful for estimating and following up cases of GEPLs.