Efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage combined with prone positioning in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and atelectasis: a prospective randomized controlled study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) combined with prone positioning in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and atelectasis and its effect on pulmonary function.@*METHODS@#A prospective study was conducted on 94 children with MPP and atelectasis who were hospitalized in Ordos Central Hospital of Inner Mongolia from November 2020 to May 2023. The children were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, with 47 children in each group. The children in the treatment group were given conventional treatment, BAL, and prone positioning, and those in the control group were given conventional treatment and BAL. The two groups were compared in terms of fever, pulmonary signs, length of hospital stay, lung recruitment, and improvement in pulmonary function.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the treatment group had significantly shorter time to improvement in pulmonary signs and length of hospital stay and a significantly higher rate of lung recruitment on day 7 of hospitalization, on the day of discharge, and at 1 week after discharge (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the treatment group had significantly higher levels of forced vital capacity (FVC) as a percentage of the predicted value, forced expiratory volume (FEV) in 1 second as a percentage of the predicted value, ratio of FEV in 1 second to FVC, forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC as a percentage of the predicted value, forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC as a percentage of the predicted value, and maximal mid-expiratory flow as a percentage of the predicted value on the day of discharge and at 1 week after discharge (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the time for body temperature to return to normal between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In the treatment of children with MPP and atelectasis, BAL combined with prone positioning can help to shorten the time to improvement in pulmonary signs and the length of hospital stay and promote lung recruitment and improvement in pulmonary function.

Research progress on bone metabolism and molecular mechanisms in accelerated aging SAMP6 mice / 中国药理学通报

Senile osteoporosis (SOP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by increased susceptibility to fractures. The pathogenesis of SOP is complex and not well understood. Currently, the rapid aging model mouse, senescence accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6), is an ideal model for studying the mechanisms of SOP development and exploring its prevention and treatment. This model exhibits characteristics including increased bone fragility, degradation of bone microstructure, loss of bone matrix, and abnormal metabolism and dysfunction of bone cells, faithfully replicating the process of SOP occurrence and progression at both macroscopic and microscopic levels.

Efficacy of prone positioning ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome after acute Stanford type A aortic dissection surgery / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To explore the efficacy of prone positioning ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (STAAD) surgery. Methods     From November 2019 to September 2021, patients with ARDS who was placed prone position after STAAD surgery in the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University were collected. Data such as the changes of blood gas, respiratory mechanics and hemodynamic indexes before and after prone positioning, complications and prognosis were collected for statistical analysis. Results    A total of 264 STAAD patients had surgical treatment, of whom 40 patients with postoperative ARDS were placed prone position. There were 37 males and 3 females with an average age of 49.88±11.46 years. The oxygen partial pressure, oxygenation index and peripheral blood oxygen saturation 4 hours and 12 hours after the prone positioning, and 2 hours and 6 hours after the end of the prone positioning were significantly improved compared with those before prone positioning ventilation (P<0.05). The oxygenation index 2 hours after the end of prone positioning which was less than 131.42 mm Hg, indicated that the patient might need ventilation two or more times of prone position. Conclusion     Prone position ventilation for patients with moderate to severe ARDS after STAAD surgery is a safe and effective way to improve the oxygenation.

EFFECT OF PRONE POSITIONING WITH HFNO IN MODERATE TO SEVERE ARDS

INTRODUCTION: The WHO, broadcasted COVID 19 as a public health emergency onJANUARY 30th ,2020 and subsequently declared a pandemic on MARCH 11th2020.Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major complication of COVID-19that occurs in 20-41% of patients with severe disease.The pathophysiology of ARDS andCOVID-19 lung injury share many of the same aspects of reduced lung parenchymalcompliance, vasculopathy, alveolar flooding, and gas exchange impairment arising fromdirect infectious causes and noninfectious injuries.In patients with pneumonia,HFNOallows improved mobilisation of secretions,minimises oxygen dilution,meets inspiratorydemands and improve end-expiratory lung volumes.According to the present theories,prone positioning, by reducing ventral alveolar expansion and dorsal alveolar collapse,results in ventilation that is more homogeneous.OBJECTIVE: The goal of our study is to evaluate the reduction in consumption of oxygenby using proning as an adjunct to HFNO in patients of COVID 19 admitted in ICU.METHOD: This is an observational cross sectional type of study, which includes patientswho were hemodynamically stable and required HFNO to maintain oxygenation. Allpatients were counselled for the benefits of proning. Proning was done with the help ofnursing staff. All vitals were noted before proning and all throughout proning. We keptpatients in a prone position till patients were comfortable and duration of proning wasnoted. We titrated oxygen requirement (FIO2 and flow) to target spo2 level of 93-95%.RESULT: We studied in 26 patients on HFNO with proning, we found that proning helpsin 11-50% reduction in oxygen requirement to achieve target Spo2 level.The mean value ofoxygen consumption was 20833.27 L/HR with only use of HFNO which was more than15996.92 L/HR when patients were encouraged to be prone along with the use ofHFNO.The collected data was analysed and unpaired t test was applied after which p valueof 0.0154 was obtained, which is statistically significant.CONCLUSION: Based on this study it is concluded that there is significant reduction inconsumption of oxygen by using the prone position as an adjunct to HFNO in patients ofCOVID 19.

Ultrasound-guided central venous access for patients in the Intensive Care Unit in prone position: report of three cases

Abstract The prone position is extensively used to improve oxygenation in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Occasionally, these patients exhibit cardiac and respiratory functions so severely compromised they cannot tolerate lying in the supine position, not even for the time required to insert a central venous catheter. The authors describe three cases of successful ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation in prone position. The alternative approach here described enables greater safety and well-being for the patient, reduces the number of episodes of decompensation, and risk of tracheal extubation and loss of in-situ vascular lines.

Comparative-study-of-percutaneous-nephrolithotomy-in-supine-versus-prone-position

Prone positioning in percutaneous nephrolithotomy is more and more being replaced by supine positioning now a days for its various benefits. This is a prospective study which does Comparative study on percutaneous nephrolithotomy in supine versus prone position and their various outcomes were analysed. There were totally 100 patients included in the study with 50 patients each group (supine versus prone). 57 were male and 43 female patients. Age ranging from 18 to 70 years. Right side stones were 58 and left side was 42. Age, gender and side of stones were similar between two groups. Stone burden were 2.6cm and 2.9cm for supine and prone group respectively. But average operating time were 63.5 minutes ( 35 to 120 minutes) for supine group versus 80 minutes ( 45 to 160 minutes) for prone group. fluoroscopy time was 18.9 minutes for supine group versus 29.4 minutes for prone group. Clearance rate in our study were pretty good in both groups around 90% in both groups (90% vs 88%). five had complications in form of sepsis and bleeding requiring blood transfusion in both groups. Five in supine group and six in prone group required second procedures. Thus Supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy group had significant advantage in terms of less operative duration and less fluoroscopy time than prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy . The stone clearance and complication rates were similar in both the groups.

Impacto del decúbito prono en pacientes con COVID-19 grave en un hospital de agudos de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Impact of the prone positioning in patients with severe COVID-19 in an acute care hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires

Introducción: El decúbito prono fue la estrategia más utilizada en pacientes con CO VID-19 e hipoxemia refractaria. Nuestro objetivo fue describir las características clínicas y evolución de los pacientes con COVID-19 grave que requirieron este procedimiento. Evaluar la relación entre factores de riesgo y mortalidad. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo observacional. Se incluyeron los pacientes mayores de 18 años con COVID-19 bajo asistencia respiratoria mecánica que requirieron decúbito prono. Se efectuó seguimiento durante 28 días. Se registraron las complicaciones asociadas al decúbito prono. Se analizaron factores asociados a la mortalidad utilizando regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se realizó decúbito prono en 28 pacientes. La edad promedio fue de 52,43 años y una mediana de índice de Charlson de 1 [0,00, 2,00]. La mediana de días de asistencia respiratoria mecánica fue de 17,00 [RIQ 13,00, 23,00] y un 28,6% logró ser extubado. La mediana de días en UTI fue de 19,50 [RIQ 14.00, 23.50] con una mortalidad del 53,6%. El 35,7% necesitó dos ciclos de decúbito prono con una duración predominante de 24-36 h. El 89,4% tuvo lesiones de úlceras por presión. Los que fallecieron tuvieron menos días de UTI (16 vs. 28; p = 0,006) y solo uno de ellos había logrado ser extubado (1 vs. 7, p = 0,011). No se encontraron factores asociados a la mortalidad en la regresión de Cox. Conclusión: La población estudiada resultó predominantemente masculina y de edad promedio cercana a la quinta década de vida, con una mortalidad aproximada al 50%. No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre factores de riesgo y mortalidad.

Introduction: Prone positioning (PP) was the most used strategy in patients with CO VID-19 and refractory hypoxemia. Our objective was to describe the clinical character istics and evolution of patients with severe Covid-19 who required this procedure. Also to evaluate the relationship between risk factors and mortality. Materials and method: Observational retrospective descriptive study. Patients older than 18 years old with COVID-19 under mechanical ventilation (AVM) who required PP were included. Follow-up was carried out for 28 days. Complications associated with PP were recorded. Factors associated with mortality were analyzed using Cox regression. Results: Prone position was performed in 28 patients. The average age was 52.43 years and a median Charlson Score of 1 [0.00, 2.00]. The median number of days of AVM was 17.00 [IQR 13.00, 23.00] and 28.6% managed to be extubated. The median number of days in the ICU was 19.50 [IQR 14.00, 23.50] with a mortality of 53.6%. 35.7% needed 2 PD cycles with a predominant duration of 24-36 hours. 89.4% had pressure ulcers. Those who died spent fewer days in ICU (16 vs 28; p=0.006) and only one of them had managed to be extubated (1 vs 7, p = 0.011). No factors associated with mortality were found in the Cox regression. Conclusion: The study population consisted predominantly of males in an average age close to the fifth decade, with an approximate mortality of 50%. No statistically significant relationship was found between risk factors and mortality.

Minimal and normal-flow general anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery in prone position: impact on hemodynamics and regional cerebral oxygenation

Purpose: In this study, the aim to assess the combined effects of prone-positioning (PP) and minimal-flow (MF) general anesthesia on regional cerebral oxygenation (RCO) and systemic hemodynamics. Methods: This is a randomized prospective study aiming to evaluate changes in cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic parameters in MF systemic anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery in PP. Patients were randomized to MF or normal-flow (NF) anesthesia. In the operating room, pulse rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (spO2), and right- and left-side RCO (assessed by nearinfrared spectroscopy, NIRS) were measured perioperatively. Results: Overall, 46 patients were included (24 in the MF group and 22 in the NF group). The amount of anesthetic gas consumption was significantly lower in the low-flow (LF) group. In both groups, the mean pulse rate showed a decrease after PP. Before induction, RCO was significantly higher both at the right- and left-sides in the LF group compared to the NF group. This difference continued throughout the operation on the left-side and disappeared 10 min after intubation on the right-side. On the left side, mean RCO decreased after PP in both groups. Conclusion: MF anesthesia in PP did not reduce cerebral oxygenation compared to NF and was safe in terms of systemic hemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation.

Application of prone position in severe ARDS caused by pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia after kidney transplantation / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the improvement of oxygenation after the treatment of prone position in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) after kidney transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 5 cases of moderate and severe ARDS caused by PJP after kidney transplantation were analyzed retrospectively, and clinical characteristics, treatment regimen and prognosis were summarized. Results Clinical manifestations of 5 patients were fever, dry cough, chest tightness, shortness ofbreath,sweating and fatigue, and body temperature fluctuated between 38 ℃ and 39 ℃, percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation(SpO2) was gradually decreased, and respiratory distress symptoms were worsened. Pulmonary CT scan showed diffuse ground-glass shadow. After transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), immunosuppressive drugs were terminated, and all patients were given with compound sulfamethoxazole, caspofungin, low-dose glucocorticoids against pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ), oxygen therapy and other symptomatic supportive treatments. Four patients diagnosed with severe ARDS upon admission to ICU were treated in a prone position. One patient with moderate ARDS was not kept in a prone position. At 1 d after treatment in a prone position, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and oxygenation index were increased, whereas alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2) was decreased compared with before treatment (allP<0.05). Compared with 1 d after treatment, SpO2, PaO2 and oxygenation index were all increased, while A-aDO2 was decreased at 4 d after treatment (all P<0.05). Box diagram showed that oxygenation index showed an overall upward trend after prone-position treatment, whereas A-aDO2 showed an overall downward trend. The length of ICU stay of 5 patients was 14 (8, 29) d. All patients in a prone position did not develop complications, such as skin pressure sore, tube detachment and tube displacement, etc. Among 5 patients, 4 patients were mitigated, and 1 patient died of septic shock and multiple organ failure. Conclusions For both conscious and intubated patients, a prone position may significantly improve oxygenation and prognosis of patients with severe ARDS caused by PJP after kidney transplantation. Early diagnosis and accurate and standardized treatment play a pivotal role in enhancing cure rate.

Dosimetric effects of prone immobilization devices combined with a belly-board in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for gynecologic cancers / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the dosimetric effects of prone immobilization devices combined with a belly board (PIDBBs) in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for gynecologic cancers.Methods:A total of 20 patients with cervical or endometrial cancer treated with radiotherapy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from August 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Two sets of body contours were outlined for each patient. One set of body contours did not contain the immobilization devices, and the other contour set included the immobilization devices. For each patient, doses were calculated for the two sets of contours using the same 7-field IMRT plan and were recorded as Plan without and Plan with. The dosimetric difference caused by the immobilization devices was assessed by comparing the parameter values in the dose-volume histograms (DVHs) and by plan subtraction. The Gafchromic EBT3 film and anthropomorphic phantom were used to verify the calculated doses. Results:The target coverage and average dose of Plan with were lower than those of Plan without. Specifically, the V50 Gy, V49 Gy, and Dmean of planning target volume (PTV) decreased by 19.75%, 7.99%, and 2.54% ( t = 8.96, 10.49, 22.09, P < 0.01), respectively. The V40 Gy, V30 Gy, V20 Gy, V15 Gy, and Dmean of skins increased by 51.79%, 51.05%, 45.72%, 33.63% and 10.80% ( t = -2.54, -5.63, -15.57, -24.06, -13.88, P < 0.01), respectively. Doses to other organs at risk (OARs) showed no significant differences. As indicated by the EBT3 measurements, the doses to skins of the abdomen and pelvis on the anthropomorphic phantom increased by approximately 37.24% ( t = 10.86, P<0.01). Conclusions:Although PIDBBs can effectively reduce the low dose to the small intestine, the radiation attenuation caused by them can reduce the PTV coverage of radiotherapy plans and increase the doses to abdominal and pelvic skins sharply, especially for patients requiring irradiation of the groin and perineum.

Application value of transverse perineal arc incision approach in complete resection of presacral cyst in the lithotomy position / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the application value of transverse perineal arc incision approach in complete resection of presacral cyst in the lithotomy position.Methods:The retrospec-tive cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 114 patients who underwent com-plete resection of presacral cyst in Henan Cancer Hospital from August 2012 to October 2021 were collected. There were 14 males and 100 females, aged (35±9)years. All patients were diagnosed as presacral cysts by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Of the 114 patients, 76 patients undergoing intraoperative perineal arc incision approach in the lithotomy position were divided into the innovative group, and 38 patients undergoing intraoperative Kraske approach were divided into the traditional group. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations and specimen; (2) postoperative situations; (3) Follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and com-parison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Results:(1) Surgical situations and specimen. The operation time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, cases with intraoperative combined transabdominal approach or sacrectomy were (137±20)minutes, (261±101)mL, 0 in the innovation group, versus (136±34)minutes, (261±116)mL, 15 in the tradi-tional group, showing no significant difference in the operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss between the two groups ( t=0.18, 0, P>0.05) and showing a significant difference in cases with intraoperative combined transabdominal approach or sacrectomy between the two groups ( P<0.05). Results of postoperative specimen anatomy in patients of the two groups showed complete removal of the cyst. (2) Postoperative situations. The time to postoperative removing presacral drainage tube, duration of postoperative hospital stay, cases with postoperative second stage healing of incision were (11.4±2.1)days, (13.5±3.5)days, 23 in the innovation group, versus (11.5±1.9)days, (13.7±3.8)days, 4 in the traditional group, showing no significant difference in the time to post-operative removing presacral drainage tube and duration of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups ( t=-0.20, -0.24, P>0.05) and showing a significant difference in cases with postoperative second stage healing of incision between the two groups ( χ2=5.46, P<0.05). Cases with postoperative severe complications were 4 and 2 in the innovation group and the traditional group, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). (3) Follow-up. All 114 patients were followed up for 48(range, 6?108)months. Cases with recurrence of cysts were 2 and 0 in the innovation group and the traditional group, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). During the follow-up period, the anal defecation control function of all patients was classified as grade A?B of Williams score. Conclusions:The transverse perineal arc incision approach in complete resection of presacral cyst in the lithotomy position is safe and feasible. Compared with Kraske approach, the transverse perineal arc incision approach in the lithotomy position is more suitable for patients with high presacral cyst.

Application of self-made "medical ventilation chair" in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in prone position / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of self-made medical ventilation chair in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ventilated in prone position, with the aim of reducing the occurrence of complications in patients with ARDS ventilated in prone position.Methods:This study was a quasi experimental research method. In this study, 78 patients admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit of Changsha Central Hospital affiliated to South China University from October 2019 to September 2021 were selected for the study by convenience sampling method, and were divided into a control group and a experimental group according to the order of admission, with 39 cases in each group. The experimental group was ventilated in the prone position using a self-made medical ventilation chair, and the control group was ventilated in the prone position using the conventional turning method, comparing the facial skin injury, tracheal displacement, tracheal tube obstruction, and RICU hospitalization time in the two groups.Results:At the end of prone position ventilation, the incidence of facial skin intact and redness and swelling was 56.41% (22/39) and 43.59% (17/39) in the experimental group and 25.64% (10/39) and 69.23% (27/39) in the control group, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( χ2=7.63, 5.21, both P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of facial skin breakdown between the two groups ( P>0.05); the incidence of complications was 5.13% (2/39) in the experimental group and 20.51% (8/39) in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( χ2=4.13, P<0.05); the duration of RICU stay was (13.34 ± 3.85) days in the experimental group and ( 15.80 ± 5.55) days, with a statistically significant difference ( t=2.25, P<0.05). Conclusions:The use of self-made medical ventilation chair can reduce the facial skin damage of patients, reduce the occurrence of related complications, and shorten the hospitalization time of RICU. It is worth popularizing and applying in ICU.

Effect of prone position management on preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in children with congenital heart disease complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To develop a prone position management program and evaluate its effectiveness in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in children with congenital heart disease combined with acute respiratory distress syndrome, in order to provide experience for clinical application.Methods:This was a quasi-experimental study. Convenient sampling method was used to select children with congenital heart defect who underwent mechanical ventilation in the Cardiothoracic Surgical Care Unit of Shanghai Children′s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine from June 2018 to December 2021 as the study subjects. The control group consisted of 80 hospitalized children from June 2018 to December 2019. They were used general nursing interventions to prevent VAP. The 42 hospitalized children from January 2020 to December 2021 were the intervention group, who usd the prone position management program on the basis of the control group. The differences in the incidence of VAP, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of ICU stay, oxygenation index and the incidence of adverse events between the two groups were compared.Results:The incidence of VAP and mechanical ventilation duration in the intervention group were 4.8% (2/42) and 67.50 (55.00/101.50), which were lower than 35.0% (28/80) and 92.50 (68.00/142.00) of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=11.98, Z=3.40, both P<0.01). And the trend of increasing oxygenation index with the intervention group was better than the control group ( F=8.38, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The application of prone ventilation program with congenital heart disease children complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome is safe and can significantly improve the oxygenation index, shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and reduce the incidence of VAP.

Cerebral oxygenation assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy in the sitting and prone positions during posterior fossa surgery: a prospective, randomized clinical study

Abstract Objectives: Sitting position (SP) or prone position (PP) are used for posterior fossa surgery. The SP induced reduction in cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) has been shown in shoulder surgeries, but there is not enough data in intracranial tumor surgery. Studies showed that PP is safe in terms of cerebral oxygen saturation in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Our hypothesis is that the SP may improve cerebral oxygenation in the patients with intracranial pathologies due to reduction in intracranial pressure. Therefore, we compared the effects of the SP and PP on rSO2 in patients undergoing posterior fossa tumor surgery. Methods: Data were collected patients undergoing posterior fossa surgery, 20 patients in SP compared to 21 patients in PP. The rSO2 was assessed using INVOS monitor. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), EtCO2, BIS, and bilateral rSO2 were recorded preoperatively, and at 5, 8, and 11 minutes after the intubation and every 3 minutes after patient positioning until the initial surgical incision. Results: Cerebral oxygenation slowly reduced in both the sitting and prone position patients following the positioning (p < 0.002), without any difference between the groups. The HR and MAP were lower in the sitting SP after positioning compared to the PP. Conclusion: Neurosurgery in the SP and PP is associated with slight reduction in cerebral oxygenation. We speculate that if we rise the lower limit of MAP, we might have showed the beneficial effect of the SP on rSO2.

Algoritmos para prevenir lesão por pressão em paciente com COVID-19 em prona / Algoritmos para prevenir la úlcera por presión en pacientes con COVID-19 en prona / Algorithms to prevent pressure injury in COVID-19 patients in prone position

Resumo Objetivo Elaborar e validar o conteúdo de dois algoritmos para orientar profissionais da linha de frente na prevenção e no tratamento da lesão por pressão em paciente com COVID-19 em posição prona. Métodos Estudo realizado entre setembro e novembro de 2021. Para a construção dos algoritmos, realizou-se revisão da literatura junto às bases de dados MEDLINE®, SciELO e Lilacs. Foram pesquisados artigos publicados entre 2011 e 2021. A validação dos algoritmos foi feita por 59 profissionais da saúde (enfermeiros, fisioterapeutas e médicos), que trabalhavam na linha de frente da COVID-19, utilizando-se a técnica Delphi. Para a análise de dados, foi adotado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Resultados No primeiro ciclo de avaliação, os itens dos algoritmos foram considerados pelos juízes como "parcialmente adequados a totalmente adequados", e o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo variou entre 0,87 e 0,92. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach variou entre 0,95 e 0,96, indicando excelente consistência interna do questionário de avaliação utilizado pelos juízes. Após implementados os ajustes sugeridos pelos juízes, os algoritmos foram reenviados para o segundo ciclo de avaliação, no qual todos os itens foram julgados como "adequado" e "totalmente adequado", resultando em um Índice de Validade do Conteúdo de 1,0. Conclusão Os algoritmos para orientar profissionais da saúde na prevenção e no tratamento da lesão por pressão em pacientes com COVID-19 em posição prona foram avaliados por enfermeiros, fisioterapeutas e médicos que estavam na linha de frente de combate à COVID-19, que chegaram a um consenso quanto ao conteúdo no segundo ciclo de avaliação.

Resumen Objetivo Elaborar y validar el contenido de dos algoritmos para orientar profesionales de la línea de frente sobre la prevención y tratamiento de la úlcera por presión en pacientes con COVID-19 en posición prona. Métodos Estudio realizado entre septiembre y noviembre de 2021. Para la elaboración de los algoritmos, se realizó revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos MEDLINE®, SciELO y Lilacs. Se buscaron artículos publicados entre 2011 y 2021. La validación de los algoritmos fue realizada por 59 profesionales de la salud (enfermeros, fisioterapeutas y médicos), que trabajaban en la línea de frente del COVID-19, utilizando el método Delphi. Para el análisis de datos se adoptó el Índice de Validez de Contenido y el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Resultados En el primer ciclo de evaluación, los ítems de los algoritmos fueron considerados por los jueces como "parcialmente adecuados a totalmente adecuados", y el Índice de Validez de Contenido varió entre 0,87 y 0,92. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach varió entre 0,95 y 0,96, lo que indica una excelente consistencia interna del cuestionario de evaluación utilizado por los jueces. Después de implementar las mejoras sugeridas por los jueces, se reenviaron los algoritmos para el segundo ciclo de evaluación, en el cual todos los ítems fueron calificados como "adecuado" y "totalmente adecuado", con un resultado del Índice de Validez de Contenido de 1,0. Conclusión Los algoritmos para orientar profesionales de la salud sobre la prevención y el tratamiento de la úlcera por presión en pacientes con COVID-19 en posición prona fueron evaluados por enfermeros, fisioterapeutas y médicos que estaban en la línea de frente de combate al COVID-19 y llegaron a un consenso respecto al contenido en el segundo ciclo de evaluación.

Abstract Objective To develop and validate the content of two algorithms to guide frontline professionals in the prevention and treatment of pressure injuries in COVID-19 patients in prone position. Methods Study conducted between September and November 2021. A literature review was performed in MEDLINE®, SciELO and Lilacs databases to build the algorithms. Articles published between 2011 and 2021 were searched. The validation of algorithms was performed by 59 health professionals (nurses, physical therapists and physicians) who worked on the frontline of COVID-19. The Delphi technique was used, and Content Validity Index and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were adopted for data analysis. Results In the first evaluation cycle, the items of algorithms were considered as "partially adequate to totally adequate" by the judges, and the Content Validity Index ranged between 0.87 and 0.92. Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged between 0.95 and 0.96, indicating excellent internal consistency of the evaluation questionnaire used by the judges. After implementing the adjustments suggested by judges, the algorithms were sent to a second evaluation cycle, in which all items were judged as "adequate" and "totally adequate", resulting in a Content Validity Index of 1.0. Conclusion Algorithms to guide healthcare professionals in the prevention and treatment of pressure injury in COVID-19 patients in prone position were evaluated by nurses, physical therapists and physicians working on the frontline of COVID-19. They achieved consensus on content in the second evaluation cycle.

Aging-related predictive factors for oxygenation improvement and mortality in COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients exposed to prone position: A multicenter cohort study

Abstract Background: Elderly patients are more susceptible to Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and are more likely to develop it in severe forms, (e.g., Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [ARDS]). Prone positioning is a treatment strategy for severe ARDS; however, its response in the elderly population remains poorly understood. The main objective was to evaluate the predictive response and mortality of elderly patients exposed to prone positioning due to ARDS-COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study involved 223 patients aged ≥ 65 years, who received prone position sessions for severe ARDS due to COVID-19, using invasive mechanical ventilation. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was used to assess the oxygenation response. The 20-point improvement in PaO2/FiO2 after the first prone session was considered for good response. Data were collected from electronic medical records, including demographic data, laboratory/image exams, complications, comorbidities, SAPS III and SOFA scores, use of anticoagulants and vasopressors, ventilator settings, and respiratory system mechanics. Mortality was defined as deaths that occurred until hospital discharge. Results: Most patients were male, with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus as the most prevalent comorbidities. The non-responders group had higher SAPS III and SOFA scores, and a higher incidence of complications. There was no difference in mortality rate. A lower SAPS III score was a predictor of oxygenation response, and the male sex was a risk predictor of mortality. Conclusion: The present study suggests the oxygenation response to prone positioning in elderly patients with severe COVID-19-ARDS correlates with the SAPS III score. Furthermore, the male sex is a risk predictor of mortality.

Effect of the prone position on recruitability in acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19 pneumonia

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effect of prone position on oxygenation and lung recruitability in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19 receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in the intensive care unit between December 10, 2021, and February 10, 2022. We included 25 patients admitted to our intensive care unit with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19 who had undergone prone position. We measured the respiratory system compliance, recruitment to inflation ratio, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio during the baseline supine, prone, and resupine positions. The recruitment to inflation ratio was used to assess the potential for lung recruitability. RESULTS: In the prone position, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 82.7 to 164.4 mmHg (p<0.001) with an increase in respiratory system compliance (p=0.003). PaO2/FiO2 decreased to 117 mmHg (p=0.015) in the resupine with no change in respiratory system compliance (p=0.097). The recruitment to inflation ratio did not change in the prone and resupine positions (p=0.198 and p=0.621, respectively). In all patients, the median value of respiratory system compliance during supine was 26 mL/cmH2O. In patients with respiratory system compliance<26 mL/cmH2O (n=12), respiratory system compliance increased and recruitment to inflation decreased from supine to prone positions (p=0.008 and p=0.040, respectively), whereas they did not change in those with respiratory system compliance ≥26 mL/cmH2O8 (n=13) (p=0.279 and p=0.550, respectively) (ClinicalTrials registration number: NCT05150847). CONCLUSION: In the prone position, in addition to the oxygenation benefit in all patients, we detected lung recruitment based on the change in the recruitment to inflation ratio with an increase in respiratory system compliance only in acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19 patients who have <26 mL/cmH2O baseline supine respiratory compliance.

Lesão por pressão em pacientes críticos acometidos pela COVID-19: protocolo de prona / Pressure ulcer in critical patients affected by COVID19: prone position protocol / Úlcera por presión en pacientes críticos afectados por COVID-19: protocolo de decúbito prona

Objetivo: avaliar a incidência de lesão por pressão, por localização, o risco de desenvolvimento pela escala de Braden e o uso de protetores, em pacientes críticos em protocolo de prona com Covid-19, em um hospital em Belo Horizonte. Método: trata-se de um estudo observacional, quantitativo, descritivo e prospectivo. Os dados foram coletados através de prontuário eletrônico, no sistema MV, e no sistema AGEIS Nutrition, durante o período entre 12 de abril de 2021 e 13 de agosto de 2021. Resultados: no total de 251 prontuários analisados de pacientes adultos, evidenciou-se 42,2% apresentaram lesão por pressão, sendo a localização mais frequente em zigomático com 50,9%. A maioria dos pacientes utilizaram espuma multicamadas (92%) e 51,4% de pacientes apresentaram risco elevado de lesão. Conclusão: a incidência de lesão por pressão foi de 42,2%. A presença de comorbidades e o risco elevado na escala de Braden podem ter contribuído para a considerável porcentagem.

Objective: to evaluate the incidence of pressure injury, by location, the risk of development by the Braden scale and the use of protectors, in critical patients in a prone protocol with Covid-19, in a hospital in Belo Horizonte. Method: this is an observational, quantitative, descriptive and prospective study. Data were collected through electronic medical records, in the MV system, and in the AGEIS Nutrition system, during the period between April 12 and August 13, 2021. Results: in the total of 251 analyzed medical records of adult patients, it was evidenced 42.2% had pressure injuries, the most frequent location being zygomatic with 50.9%. Most patients used multilayer foam (92%) and 51.4% of patients were at high risk of injury. Conclusion: the incidence of pressure injuries was 42.2%. The presence of comorbidities and the high risk on the Braden scale may have contributed to the considerable percentage.

Objetivo: evaluar la incidencia de lesión por presión, por localización, el riesgo de desarrollo por la escala de Braden y el uso de protectores, en pacientes críticos en protocolo prono con Covid-19, en un hospital de Belo Horizonte. Método: se trata de un estudio observacional, cuantitativo, descriptivo y prospectivo. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de historias clínicas electrónicas, en el sistema MV y en el sistema AGEIS Nutrición, durante el período comprendido entre el 12 de abril de 2021 y el 13 de agosto de 2021. Resultados: en un total de 251 historias clínicas analizadas de pacientes adultos, se evidenció que el 42,2% presentaba lesiones por presión, siendo la localización más frecuente la cigomática con un 50,9%. La mayoría de los pacientes usaban espuma multicapa (92 %) y el 51,4 % de los pacientes tenían un alto riesgo de lesión. Conclusión: la incidencia de lesiones por presión fue del 42,2%. La presencia de comorbilidades y el alto riesgo en la escala de Braden pueden haber contribuido al considerable porcentaje.

Factors associated with a nonresponse to prone positioning in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2 / Fatores associados ao paciente com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo grave devido ao SARS-CoV-2 irresponsivo ao decúbito ventral

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify risk factors for nonresponse to prone positioning in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-associated severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and refractory hypoxemia in a tertiary care hospital in Colombia. Methods: Observational study based on a retrospective cohort of mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2 who underwent prone positioning due to refractory hypoxemia. The study considered an improvement ≥ 20% in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio after the first cycle of 16 hours in the prone position to be a 'response'. Nonresponding patients were considered cases, and responding patients were controls. We controlled for clinical, laboratory, and radiological variables. Results: A total of 724 patients were included (58.67 ± 12.37 years, 67.7% males). Of those, 21.9% were nonresponders. Mortality was 54.1% for nonresponders and 31.3% for responders (p < 0.001). Variables associated with nonresponse were time from the start of mechanical ventilation to pronation (OR 1.23; 95%CI 1.10 - 1.41); preintubation PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR 0.62; 95%CI 0.40 - 0.96); preprone PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR 1.88. 95%CI 1.22 - 2.94); and radiologic multilobe consolidation (OR 2.12; 95%CI 1.33 - 3.33) or mixed pattern (OR 1.72; 95%CI 1.07 - 2.85) compared with a ground-glass pattern. Conclusion: This study identified factors associated with nonresponse to prone positioning in patients with refractory hypoxemia and acute respiratory distress syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2 receiving mechanical ventilation. Recognizing such factors helps identify candidates for other rescue strategies, including more extensive prone positioning or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Further studies are needed to assess the consistency of these findings in populations with acute respiratory distress syndrome of other etiologies.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco em pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica devido à síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo grave associada à COVID-19 e hipoxemia refratária irresponsivos ao decúbito ventral em um hospital terciário na Colômbia. Métodos: Estudo observacional baseado em coorte retrospectiva de pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica devido à síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo grave associada ao SARS-CoV-2 em decúbito ventral devido à hipoxemia refratária. O estudo considerou resposta a melhora ≥ 20% na relação entre pressão parcial de oxigênio e fração inspirada de oxigênio após o primeiro ciclo de 16 horas em decúbito ventral. Os pacientes irresponsivos foram considerados casos, e os responsivos foram considerados controles. Controlamos as variáveis clínicas, laboratoriais e radiológicas. Resultados: Foram incluídos 724 pacientes (58,67 ± 12,37 anos, 67,7% do sexo masculino). Destes, 21,9% eram pacientes irresponsivos. A mortalidade foi de 54,1% nos irresponsivos e de 31,3% nos responsivos (p < 0,001). As variáveis associadas à ausência de resposta foram tempo do início da ventilação mecânica até o decúbito ventral (RC de 1,23; IC95% 1,10 - 1,41); relação entre pressão parcial de oxigênio e fração inspirada de oxigênio pré-intubação (RC de 0,62; IC95% 0,40 - 0,96); relação entre pressão parcial de oxigênio e fração inspirada de oxigênio anterior ao decúbito ventral (RC de 1,88; IC95% 1,22 - 2,94); e consolidação radiológica de múltiplos lobos (RC de 2,12; IC95% 1,33 - 3,33) ou padrão misto (RC de 1,72; IC95% 1,07 - 2,85) em comparação com um padrão em vidro fosco. Conclusão: Este estudo identificou fatores associados à ausência de resposta ao decúbito ventral em pacientes com hipoxemia refratária e síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo devido ao SARS-CoV-2 em ventilação mecânica. O reconhecimento desses fatores ajuda a identificar os candidatos a outras estratégias de resgate, incluindo decúbito ventral mais prolongado ou oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. São necessários novos estudos para avaliar a consistência desses achados em populações com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo por causa de outras etiologias.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone position: a systematic review of case series/reports / Reanimação cardiopulmonar em posição prona: uma revisão sistemática de séries/relatos de casos

Abstract Introduction The prone position is frequently adopted for surgical or critically ill patients in intensive care. Cardiorespiratory arrest in these patients may pose an operational challenge, in which delays resulting from mobilization to the supine position culminate in worse outcomes. Objective To provide clinical insight based on the synthesis of evidence from reports or case series on reverse cardiopulmonary resuscitation (reverse CPR) in surgical patients or invasive ventilatory support in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methods This is a systematic review of reports or case series in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases, in addition to a search of the gray literature. Case reports published in any language, reporting at least one case of prone cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients of any age and in any care context, were considered eligible. Results Thirteen studies of fourteen cases of successful reverse resuscitation were retrieved. Three patients died within 30 days, while the others survived without complications or neurological sequelae. Conclusion Despite limited evidence to support clinical decision-making, prone resuscitation appears to be a feasible alternative in exceptional circumstances, where patient mobilization may result in additional harm, delay or interrupt advanced life support (compressions, high-quality early chest surgery, and defibrillation) or incur occupational risks to the health team.

Resumo Introdução A posição prona é um procedimento frequente de cuidados intensivos para pacientes cirúrgicos ou doentes graves. A ocorrência de parada cardiorrespiratória nestes pacientes pode representar um desafio operacional, no qual atrasos relacionados à mobilização para decúbito dorsal implicam em piores desfechos. Objetivo Oferecer um insight clínico a partir da síntese das evidências oriundas de relatos ou séries de casos sobre a utilização de reanimação cardiopulmonar reversa em pacientes cirúrgicos ou em suporte ventilatório invasivo na síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo grave. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de relatos ou séries de casos condu-zida nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Embase e Google Scholar, além de busca na literatura cinzenta. Foram considerados elegíveis relatos de caso publicados em qualquer idioma, que reportaram pelo menos um caso de reanimação cardiopulmonar em posição prona em pacientes de qualquer idade e em qualquer contexto de atendimento. Resultados Foram recuperados treze estudos que relataram quatorze casos de reanimação reversa bem-sucedidos. Três pacientes faleceram em um intervalo de 30 dias, enquanto os demais sobreviveram sem complicações ou sequelas neurológicas. Conclusão Apesar de evidências limitadas para suportar a tomada de decisão clínica, a reanimação em posição prona parece ser uma alternativa factível em circunstâncias excepcionais, nas quais a mobilização do paciente pode resultar em dano adicional, atrasar ou interromper o suporte avançado de vida (compressões torácicas precoces de alta qualidade e a desfibrilação) ou, ainda, incorrer em riscos ocupacionais à equipe de saúde.