Nationwide surveillance for S-Metoprololtreatment effect on blood pressure control against sympathetic overdrive in Indian patients with hypertension (PROTECT)

Background:Patients with hypertension in India been reported with high heart rate owing to sympathetic overdrive (SO). Beta-blockers provides several positive effects to reduce SO in patients with hypertension. The aim of present survey studywasto understand current real-world prevalence of SO in Indian patients with hypertension and usage of beta-blocker therapy in them.Methods:A cross sectional, observational, questionnaire-based survey conducted across India between June 2020 to October 2020. A specially designed validated questionnaire was shared with 157 registered health care practitioners (HCP),their anonymous inputs were captured and analysed in qualitative manner. Categorical data was summarized by number (n) and percentage (%). Results:Total 157 HCP participated and completed the survey. Around 53% of HCP observed that patients with average heart rate above 75 beats/min were associated with negative prognosis. Around 43% of HCP reported that raised heart rate is associated with advancedage and increased body mass index (BMI). Two-third of HCP reported that tachycardia is associated with stage-2 hypertension and marked by restlessness and anxiety which is suggestive of SO. Over 70% HCP agreed that the HR below 75 beats/min is associated with good prognosis. Around 89% HCP reported beta-blockers as the drug of choice in patients with augmented SO. S-Metoprololwas reported to bethemost preferred beta-blocker agent and was recommended by 76% HCP in patients with hypertension and coexisting SO.Conclusions:SO been reported prevalent conditionin Indian patients with hypertension which likely worsensthe prognosis in these patients. Beta-blockers reported to be the preferred choice of anti-hypertensive and S-Metoprololseem to be themost preferred agent amongst the available beta-blockers against SO in patients with hypertension in India.

Characteristics of sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson disease and its relationship with hypotonia during rapid eye movement sleep / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and to explore the relationship between respiratory events and rapid eye movement sleep with hypotonia.Methods:Thirty-nine PD patients compared with 75 controls matched with gender, age and body mass index(BMI) were collected in the Dalian Municipal Central Hospital from January 1, 2019 to September 31, 2019. Both groups underwent polysomnography monitoring. The characteristics of sleep disorders were analyzed and discussed.Results:Apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) during total sleep, AHI during non-rapid eye movement(NREM) sleep, AHI during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, obstructive apnea index, mixed apnea index, central apnea index, total apnea index, hypopnea index, the time with pulse oximetry <90% and oxygen desaturation index in the PD group were lower than those in the control group: 3.70(0.80, 20.00) /h vs. 17.30(7.30, 28.20)/h, 2.30(0.70, 13.90)/h vs. 15.20(4.90, 27.50)/h, 2.30(0.00, 29.80)/h vs. 16.90(5.70, 39.50)/h, 0.30(0.00, 5.10)/h vs. 3.10(0.50, 7.80)/h, 0.00(0.00, 0.20)/h vs. 0.20(0.00, 0.60)/h, 0.00(0.00, 0.30)/h vs. 0.30(0.00, 0.80)/h, 0.70(0.00, 6.00)/h vs. 3.90(0.80, 10.70)/h, 1.70(0.50, 8.90)/h vs. 8.70(2.70, 14.90)/h, 0.00(0.00, 0.40)min vs. 0.20(0.00, 1.70)min, 4.10(1.10, 18.40)% vs. 16.50(9.30, 30.80)%, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The mean pulse oximetry and minimum pulse oximetry in the PD group were higher than those in the control group: 96.00(95.00, 97.00)% vs. 95.00(94.00, 96.00)%, 89.00(82.00, 91.00)% vs. 85.00(81.00, 89.00)%, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). PD group was divided into PD with RSWA group (PD + RSWA) and PD without RSWA group (PD-RSWA) according to whether there was atonia or not. AHI during REM sleep in the PD+RSWA group was lower than that in the PD-RSWA group: 0.00(0.00, 5.40)/h vs. 5.75(0.52, 34.57)/h, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:PD has a protective effect on nocturnal respiratory events, which may be due to the increased muscle tone of upper airway.

Subasta de vidas y humanitarismo estratégico: la Unión Europea y la crisis de refugiados desde una óptica crítica / Auctioning of lives and strategic humanitarianism: the European Union and the refugee crisis from a critical perspective / Leilão de vidas e humanitarismo estratégico: a União Europeia e a crise dos refugiados sob uma perspectiva crítica

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como propósito analizar las consecuencias de la crisis de refugiados que experimentó la Unión Europea en el 2015. A través de un marco teórico denominado «realismo crítico¼, se pudo establecer que la crisis de refugiados en Europa no fue abordada con base en los principios humanitarios que inspiran los fundamentos de la Unión, sino más bien a través de diversas medidas soberanistas que tienen como fin poner freno a la entrada de más refugiados; la crisis también puso en evidencia la relativa fragilidad institucional de esa institución, reflejada en su incapacidad para crear un sistema centralizado dirigido a distribuir proporcionalmente la población refugiada a lo largo de Europa. Sin embargo, la Unión Europea sí cumplió con una función básica: a través de diversas medidas sustentadas en los intereses individuales de "seguridad", detuvo la entrada y de hecho rechazó a centenares de miles de refugiados que esperaban entrar a Europa. El presente trabajo sostendrá que esas medidas son producto de cierto atavismo identitario (racista), así como una estrategia de diversos actores que instrumentalizaron la crisis para avanzar en sus agendas políticas.

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the consequences of the refugee crisis experienced by the European Union in 2015. Through a specific theoretical framework called "critical realism", it was established that the refugee crisis in Europe was not addressed on the basis of the humanitarian principles that inspire the foundations of the Union, but rather through various sovereign measures that aim to curb the entry of more refugees; the crisis also highlighted the relative institutional fragility of that institution, reflected in its inability to create a centralized system aimed at distributing proportionally the refugee population throughout Europe. However; the European Union did fulfill a basic function: through various measures based on the individual interests of "security" stopped entry and in fact rejected hundreds of miles of refugees waiting to enter Europe. This paper will argue that these measures are the product of a certain (racist) identity atavism, as well as a strategy of various actors that who instrumentalized the crisis to advance their political agendas.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as consequências da crise de refugiados vivenciada pela União Europeia em 2015. Por meio de um referencial teórico chamado "realismo crítico", foi estabelecido que a crise de refugiados na Europa não era tratada com base nos princípios humanitários que inspiram as fundações da União, mas através de várias medidas soberanas que visam coibir a entrada de mais refugiados; A crise também destacou a relativa fragilidade institucional dessa instituição, refletida em sua incapacidade de criar um sistema centralizado destinado a distribuir proporcionalmente a população de refugiados em toda a Europa. No entanto, a União Europeia cumpriu uma função básica: através de várias medidas baseadas nos interesses individuais da "segurança", interrompeu a entrada e, de fato, rejeitou centenas de milhares de refugiados que esperavam para entrar na Europa. O presente trabalho sustentará que essas medidas são o produto de um certo atavismo de identidade (racista), bem como uma estratégia de vários atores que instrumentalizaram a crise para avançar em suas agendas políticas.

Compare outcome in patients of ileostomy and colostomy closure with surgical stapler versus ileostomy and colostomy closure with hand sewn anastomosis: a prospective study

Background: Diverting temporary stoma is created to protect the primary bowel pathology and distal anastomosis. Once that primary pathology has been overcome or distal anastomosis gets healed, closure of temporary stomas can be carried out. Invention of stapling devices for intestinal anastomosis provided another dimension than hand sewn method to the stoma closure techniques. In this study, we have compared two methods of loop stoma closure-hand sewn method versus stapler method.Methods: This is prospective comparative study in which 50 cases of loop ileostomy/colostomy were taken. 25 patients underwent ileostomy/colostomy closure by hand sewn anastomosis (group A). Another 25 patients underwent ileostomy/colostomy closure by stapler anastomosis (group B). Time taken for operation, initiation of oral intake, anastomotic leak, post-operative wound infection and total hospital stay duration were compared between these two groups to conclude about which method is superior and in the best interest of patient and surgeon.Results: Mean operation time 105.96 minutes (group A) and 72.84 minutes (group B). Mean time to start oral intake 5.36 days (group A), 3.6 days (group B). 16% patients (4/25) group A and 4% patients (1/25) group B developed anastomotic leak. 28% patients (7/25) group A and 8% patients (2/25) group B had post-operative wound infection. Mean hospital stay 10.4 days in group A and 7.84 days in group B.Conclusions: Stapler method provides significant benefits in terms of less operative time, early oral intake and less hospital stay. Overall stapler method for stoma closure is more efficient and cost effective.

Responsabilidad de Proteger: entre el realismo clásico y la ética internacional, una aproximación al caso de Siria / The responsability to protect: between classical realism and international ethics, an approach to the case of Syria / Responsabilidade de Proteger: entre o realismo clássico e a ética internacional, uma abordagem para o caso da Síria

RESUMEN El concepto de Responsabilidad de Proteger (R2P) ha generado diversas posturas siendo un principio implementado como herramienta de las Naciones Unidas. Para lograr entender la aplicación de esta medida de intervención humanitaria, se realiza una revisión de sus antecedentes, seguido del análisis realista según los pilares en que se encuentra fundamentada. Posteriormente y por medio del análisis del caso de Siria se identificarán fortalezas y debilidades de este compromiso político caracterizado por la prevención, respuesta oportuna y reconstrucción de comunidades en crisis, en donde se ve amenazada la sociedad civil por genocidio, crímenes de guerra, depuración étnica y crímenes de lesa humanidad.

ABSTRACT The concept of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has generated various positions being a principle implemented as a tool of the United Nations. In order to understand the application of this humanitarian intervention measure, carry out a review of its background, follow the realistic analysis according to the pillars on which it is based. Later and through the analysis of the case of Syria, strengths and weaknesses of this specific political commitment will be identified for the prevention, timely response and reconstruction of communities in crisis, where civil society is threatened by genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity.

RESUMO O conceito de Responsabilidade de Proteger (R2P) tem gerado diversas posições sendo um princípio implementado como uma ferramenta das Nações Unidas. A fim de compreender a aplicação desta medida de intervenção humanitária, é feita uma revisão dos seus antecedentes, seguida de uma análise realista de acordo com os pilares em que se baseia. Posteriormente, e através da análise do caso sírio, serão identificados os pontos fortes e fracos deste compromisso político caracterizado pela prevenção, resposta atempada e reconstrução das comunidades em crise, onde a sociedade civil está ameaçada por genocídio, crimes de guerra, limpeza étnica e crimes contra a humanidade.

Protective Effect of Salvianolic Acid B on Myocardial Injury in Septic Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) on the myocardial apoptosis in rats with sepsis. Method:The 50 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group (cecal ligation and perforation were performed to replicate the animal model of sepsis)and Sal-B low, medium and high-dose group(6, 12, 24 mg·kg-1).The myocardial necrosis markers troponin T(TnT), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malonaldialdehyde (MDA) levels in myocardial homogenates were determined by spectrophotometrically. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the pathological change in rats. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL) was used to detect apoptosis of myocardial cells in hearts, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-related protein cysteine protease-3 (Caspase-3), b-lymphocytoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-related X protein (Bax), autophagy microtubule-related light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1 in myocardial tissue. Result:Compared with sham group, the levels of TnT, CK-MB and cTnI in model group were significantly increased (Pα, IL-1β and IL-6 in myocardial tissue were significantly increased (PPPPPPPα, IL-1 and IL-6 in the myocardial tissue were significantly decreased (PPPPPPPPPPConclusion:Sal-B showed a protective effect on the myocardial apoptosis in septic rats maybe by depressing inflammatory infiltration, anti-oxidative effects and improving the exceptional expression of the proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2, Caspases-3 by enhancing the level of autophagy.

Los medicamentos y la información: implicaciones para la imputación de la responsabilidad civil por riesgo de desarrollo en Colombia / Medications and information: implications concerning the allocation of civil responsibility for the development risk in Colombia / As medicinas e a informação: implicações para o imputação da responsabilidade civil pelo risco do desenvolvimento em Colômbia

Resumen Al utilizar como diseño metodológico el uso de un examen dogmático de las instituciones de la responsabilidad civil y del derecho del consumidor, se planteó el objetivo de verificar que el surgimiento del supuesto especial de la responsabilidad del productor contribuye a reforzar la protección de los pacientes, si se observa la posibilidad de que los medicamentos, en cuanto productos inherentemente riesgosos, pueden generar daños a quienes los consumen. El problema resalta respecto a aquellos medicamentos cuyos efectos adversos se revelan con posterioridad a su introducción en el mercado, lo que da lugar al dilema de si es dable imputar la responsabilidad al productor del medicamento defectuoso, entendida como la pregunta de investigación. Como resultado, se encontró que sí es posible articular una interpretación en ese sentido, a la luz de una lectura del régimen vigente de protección del consumidor en Colombia, bajo el cual cabe una imputación de responsabilidad por daños derivados de la defectuosidad que incluye la ausencia de información.

Abstract With the use of a dogmatic test as the methodological design of civil liability and the Consumer Right, the objective was aimed at verifying that the emergence of the special assumption of producer's responsibility helps strengthen patients' protection if the proposed possibility of medications, as inherently risky products, can contribute to harm those expected to consume them. The problem stands out with respect to drugs the adverse effects of which are revealed subsequently to their introduction in the market, which gives rise to the dilemma of deciding whether their adverse effects are revealed after their introduction in the market, which gives rise to the dilemma of whether the liability can be imputed to the faulty medication producer, understood as the research or investigation question. As a result, it was found that, indeed, articulating an interpretation in that sense is viable under the consumer's protection right in Colombia, where there is an imputation of liability for damages deriving from the defectiveness including the absence of information.

Resumo Ao utilizar como o projeto metodológico o uso de um exame dogmático das instituições da responsabilidade civil e do Direito do Consumidor, propôs-se o objetivo de verificar que o surgimento do pressuposto especial da responsabilidade do produtor contribui para reforçar a proteção dos pacientes, se a possibilidade que as medicinas estão observadas, assim que produtos inerentemente de risco, podem gerar os danos àqueles que os consomem. O problema enfatiza aqueles medicamentos cujos efeitos adversos revelam com posterioridade a sua introdução no mercado, que é a causa do dilema se for possível imputar a responsabilidade ao produtor do medicamento defeituoso, compreendida como a pergunta da pesquisa. Como o resultado, achou-se que sim é possível articular uma interpretação nesse sentido, à luz de uma leitura do regime eficaz da proteção do consumidor em Colômbia, sob o qual aplica uma imputação da responsabilidade pelos danos derivados dos ajustes da defeituosidade que inclui a ausência da informação.

Effect of different initial processing methods on quality of gardenia / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effect of different initial processing methods on the quality of Gardenia and determine the best cooking time in gardenia processing through the determination of index components content. The contents of geniposide, crocetin Ⅰ and total iridoid glycosides in Gardenia were determined before storage, six months after storage and one year after storage. During storage, the contents of geniposide, crocetin Ⅰ and total iridoid glycosides in directly dried Gardenia were 1.68%, 0.45% and 6.45% respectively. The contents of geniposide, crocetin Ⅰ and total iridoid glycosides in Gardenia with different steaming time were 1.34%-0.5%, 0.28%-0.06% and 6.09%-1.59% respectively. The contents of geniposide, crocetin Ⅰ and total iridoid glycosides in Gardenia with different boiling time (adding alum)were 1.42%-0.41%, 0.35%-0.07% and 6.40%-1.65% respectively. The direct drying of Gardenia samples could not achieve the function of killing enzyme and protecting glycosides. The enzymes from degradation of the index components were basically destroyed after steaming time of 13 min or boiling (adding alum) time of 8 min, achieving the function of killing enzyme and protecting glycosides.

The protection of salidroside on oxidative stress induced in human lens epithelium cells / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To explore the effect of different concentrations of salidroside on H2 O2 induced oxidative stress damage in human lens epithelium cells ( HLEC) . · METHODS: HLEC were cultured and divided into negative control group: cultured in normal cultivation;oxidative damage group: treated with 100μmol/L H2 O2 for 12h; Salidroside low concentration group: 10μmol/L salidroside treated for 24h and H2 O2 treated for 12h;Salidroside high concentration group: 100μmol/L salidroside treated for 24h and H2 O2 treated for 12h. MTT method was applied to observe the effect of salidroside on HLEC survival rate. Morphological change of each group were observed and recorded under inverted microscope. DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was applied to detect intracellular ROS changes; content of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) in supernatants were detected by pectrophotometer. · RESULTS: Salidroside obviously inhibited H2 O2 -induced HLEC vitality decline, inhibited ROS generation in cells, causing SOD, GSH-Px levels increased and MDA levels decreased. ·CONCLUSION:Salidroside inhibited H2 O2 induced HLEC injury by decreasing the intracellular MDA content levels and increasing SOD, GSH-Px content levels, which conclude that salidroside may have a certain role in the treatment of HLEC damage.

Storage Problems and Countermeasures for Injection Drugs Protected from Light in Inpatient Pharmacy of Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for storage management of injection drugs protected from light in inpatient phar-macy of hospital. METHODS:From Jan. to Mar. 2016,the storage items of injection drugs protected from light in inpatient phar-macy of our hospital and the current storage situation were surveyed,the quality management tool PDCA circulation was adopted to improve storage situation and evaluate the effect of PDCA. RESULTS:For improper storage of injection drugs protected from light caused by employees lacking knowledge in photophobic knowledge,unfamiliar to the list of injection drugs protected from light, no packaging in returned drugs,after developing and carrying out corresponding countermeasures,including reinforcing staff train-ing,studying characteristics of the new-coming drug timely,renewal photophobic knowledge and the list of injection drugs protect-ed from light,and ameliorating working procedure,the light storage pass rate was increased from 96.5% to 100% in 310 injection drugs protected from light in inpatient pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS:Appling PDCA can effectively improve the storage management of injection drugs protected from light and provide reliable protection for the drugs'safe and effective application.

Protective effects of Jingqi Capsules on damage to rat reproductive system / 中成药

AIM To study the protective effects of Jingqi Capsules (Cordycps Militaris,Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata,Lycii Fructus,) on the damage to rat reproductive system induced by cyclophosphamide.METHODS After low and high dose groups of Jingqi Capsules and positive group were administered for two weeks in advance,cyclophosphamide [25 mg/(kg · d)] modeling was conducted consecutively by intraperitoneal injection for five days except the normal group,while the treatment groups were administered consecutively.All the rats were executed the day after the end of the modeling.Serum testosterone content was measured by radioimmunoassay;body weight,testis,epididymis and prostate of rats were weighed and organ coefficient was calculated;morphology of testis was observed by HE;sperm count and sperm motility were detected by CASA;apoptosis of cells was observed by TUNEL.RESULTS Compared with the model group,each dose group of Jingqi Capsules increased in the level of serum testosterone and organ coefficient of testis,epididymis and prostate.The damage to seminiferous epithelium relieved and the number of all spermatogenic cells increased.Sperm count and sperm motility increased.Decrease in apoptosis of cells was demonstrated by TUNEL.CONCLUSION Jingqi Capsules has protective effects on damage to rat reproductive system induced by cyclophosphamide.

Violência contra crianças no cenário brasileiro / Violence against children in Brazilian scenery

Resumo A violência é um fenômeno social e de saúde pública, com maior exacerbação quando acontece na infância, provocando um impacto no desenvolvimento e uma catastrófica repercussão no comportamento na vida adulta. O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar por meio das evidências científicas a violência infantil no cenário brasileiro. Utilizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, tendo como fonte de pesquisa as bases de dados Lilacs e SciELO no período de agosto de 2013. Dentre as publicações identificadas seis mostraram a negligência como principal tipo de violência, cinco discorreram que o sexo masculino é o gênero mais atingido e dez afirmaram que o agressor sempre é um membro da família. Ainda neste cerne, torna-se evidente que os pais são os maiores perpetradores da violência contra crianças, destacando-se a mãe como a maior agressora. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de se identificar precocemente todos os tipos de violência, sobretudo a negligência, reconhecendo que não há distinção significativa da violência entre os sexos e sendo o ambiente familiar o local mais propício para o desenvolvimento dos eventos violentos.

Abstract Violence is a social and public health phenomenon, with greater exacerbation when it affects children, causing an impact on child development and a catastrophic impact on the behavior of an adult life. The purpose of this article is to characterizing by the scientific evidence child abuse on the brasilian scene. There was used the integrative literature review and, as a source of research, the databases Lilacs and Scielo from August 2013. Among the six identified publications showed negligence as the main type of violence, five discoursed that Male gender is the most affected gender and ten stated that the perpetrator is always a family member. Also in this heart, it becomes clear that the parents are the greatest perpetrators of violence against children, especially the mother as the most frequent aggressors. The results demonstrate the need to identify early all types of violence, especially the neglect, recognizing that there is no significant distinction of violence between the genders and sharing the family environment as the most conducive environment for the growth of violent events.

Clearfil Protect Bond™ versus Uni‑Etch™ antibacterial self‑etchant: A war of giants against shear bond strength.

Aims and Objectives: To use antibacterial agents with two conventional bonding systems and evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of bracket to enamel. Materials and Methods: Overall, 120 human‑extracted first premolars were used. The specimens were equally divided into six sub‑groups of 20 samples. Control groups were bonded with Transbond XT™ light cure (Group I, after etching with 37% phosphoric acid, 3M Unitek™) and Unite™ self‑cure adhesive (Group II, after etching with 37% phosphoric acid, 3M Unitek™). Experimental groups included teeth surface first coated with Clearfil Protect Bond™ (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan) (and then bonded with Transbond XT™ [Group III] or Unite™ [Group IV]) or bonded with Uni‑Etch™ antibacterial self‑etchant (and then bonded with Transbond XT™ [Group V] or Unite™ [Group VI]). The third generation MBT bracket bonding system with 0.022 slots was used for bonding. All specimens were tested on Instron machine 5567 (SIES Institute of packaging, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India) to evaluate the SBS. The sheared surfaces were also investigated with a stereomicroscope to assess adhesive remnants index (ARI scores) on the specimen surfaces. Results: Mean SBS in Group I–Group VI was 10.53 (2.91), 9.12 (2.56), 9.86 (1.98), 6.96 (2.92), 9.57 (2.02), and 7.65 (2.34) megapascals, respectively. Significant differences were only seen between Group III and IV and between Group II and IV. With respect to ARI scores, significant differences were seen only for comparison between Groups II, IV, and VI. Conclusion: Newly developed antibacterial agent could be used with conventional bonding systems effectively to decrease white spots; when used with Transbond XT™ light cure, the original SBS did not get affected, but when used with Unite™ self‑cure bonding system, it led to reduced SBS significantly.

Effect of sodium ferulate injection on myocardial function in rat model with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of sodium ferulate injection on myocardial function in rat model with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Methods Selected 60 rats aged 7 ~8 weeks (7. 26 ± 0. 36 weeks averagely) and randomly divided them into the sham group, myocardial reperfusion group, and the sodium ferulate group, with 20 rats in each group. Observed the changes of the cardiac func-tion indexes of the two groups after perfusion. Results Compared with the sham group,the degree of LVESP and ± dp/dmax decreased sig-nificantly (P<0. 05) in the myocardial reperfusion group and the sodium ferulate group. The descending degree of LVESP and ± dp/dmax 2 hours after reperfusion in the reperfusion group was significantly higher than that in the sodium ferulate group (P<0. 05). Compared with the sham group,the LVEDP of the other two groups showed a rising trend,and it was significantly lower 2 hours after reperfusion in the sodium ferulate group compared to the reperfusion group (P<0. 05). Proportion of apoptosis cells increased in the reperfusion group and the sodium ferulate group,and positive expression rate of Fas in the sodium ferulate group was significantly lower than the reperfusion group (P<0. 05). LDH and CK-MB of content in the blood of rats were significant increased,and it was higer in the reperfusion group compared with the sodium ferulate group (P<0. 05). Compared with the sham group,SOD content in the reperfusion group and the sodium ferulate group decreased obviously (P<0. 05). The MDA content increased,but the degree of increase was lower in the sodium ferulate group (P<0. 05). Conclu-sion Sodium ferulate could protect the myocardial function in rat model with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion to a certain degree.

Puerarin extraction and identification of solution wine to protect liver function in mice / 局解手术学杂志

Objective Pueraria extract puerarin,HPLC assay puerarin extract and compare different doses of correlation with the hang-over effect of puerarin evaluate different doses of puerarin liver hangover effect. Methods Extracted under optimal conditions obtained in the previous experiment puerarin spare,HPLC method for qualitative and quantitative detection of alcohol extract of kudzu root ( PRE) ,the male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group,positive control group and puerarin group,each group of 10. Give mice fed pueraria extract,30 min after administration of liquor,drunk mice sobering observation time and the determination of mouse liver ADH,GOT,GPT con-tent in order to investigate the effect of puerarin on drunken mice. Results HPLC fraction was measured at 8 times the volume of 70% etha-nol,60 ℃ constant temperature water bath shaker at 30 min for optimal extraction conditions puerarin extraction. Compared with the positive control groups:low,medium and high doses of alcohol extract of pueraria can significantly shorten the time to sober up drunken mice,the dose of PRE could effectively inhibit the absorption of alcohol,reduce liver tissue ADH,GOT,GPT,the effects of high doses of PRE absorption of alcohol was small. Conclusion HPLC method capable of puerarin extract the qualitative and quantitative determination of puerarin on liver injury caused by acute alcoholism a protective regulatory role,and the hangover effect of puerarin dose showed a good positive correlation.

Pharmacoeconomics analysis of two treatment schemes in decompensated cirrhosis pa-tients / 药学实践杂志

Objective To evaluate two treatment schemes of liver protection and choose the optimal radiotherapy using phar‐macoeconomics principle and methods .Methods In‐patients who were diagnosed as decompensated cirrhosis patients and simultaneously conformed to the Chlid‐Pugh graduation of level B‐C during 2010-2012 were chosen .The chosen patients were divided into A ,B and C group separately ,and were treated with the compound prescription of dichloro acetic acid two isopropyl amine inoculation fluid ,the poly‐ene phosphatide acid radical choline inoculation fluid ,and the compound prescription dichloro acetic acid two isopropyl amine inoculation fluid and the polyene phosphatide acid radical choline inoculation fluid .Cost effectiveness analysis was done between group B and C .Re‐sults Treatment time of group B and C was (15 .5 ± 8 .55) d and (12 .13 ± 7 .61) d respectively .The total effectiveness was 50% and 60% respectively and the difference was with non‐statistics significance (P>0 .05) .The total cost was (1 640 .52 ± 905 .26) yuan and (2 576 .51 ± 1 615 .99) yuan respectively .Conclusion Group B was the better treatment scheme .

Protective effects of liver protective drugs on liver injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of different liver protective drugs on preventing liver injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on 355 patients with primary pulmonary tuberculosis during intensified time. The patients received silibinon and bicyclol to prevent liver injury. 82 patients with TB were treated as control group during the same time. Results The number of patients with liver injury in silibinon group and bicyclol group were 16 cases (14.7%) and 55 cases (22.4%) respectively. The number of control group with liver injury was 9 cases (11.0%) (χ2 = 3.627,P > 0.05). The liver injuries within 4 weeks were mainly counted in. There is no difference between intervention and control groups(χ2 = 0.414,P > 0.05). There is no difference between three groups in liver injury degree (U = 0.288,P> 0.05). Conclusion Without high risk factors, anti-inflammatory and enzyme reduction drugs have no significant protective effects on liver injury caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Optimization of CT scanning technology / 中国医学装备

Due to the advance of CT equipment, combined with the current intensifying doctor-patient conflict, the indication of CT examination is relaxed, even expanded to the examination of benign lesions, which contributes to the blind diagnosis using CT or the so-called“Casting a big net”. However, X-rays bring two kinds of risks. One of them is the risk of the accumulated X-rays, the other one is the missed diagnosis resulting from the poor image quality, which is caused by the low amount of radiation. Therefore, how to strike a balance between these two not only becomes the focus of academic circles, but sparks the whole society’s attention. This article elaborates X-rays hazards, CT radiation does, application of Multiple Detector Spiral CT, purpose and principles of radiological protection and optimization of CT scanning technology. The author believes “exposure does individualization” can be achieved under the principle of ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable), or we can even minimize the exposure does according to the requirements of diagnosis and accept the image with appropriate noise.

Discussion on Zhongjing’s Theory on “Protecting Stomach Qi”and Its Application on Woman’s Diseases in Jingui Yaolüe / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To discuss Zhongjing’s theory on“protecting stomach Qi”and its application on woman’s diseases in Jingui Yaolüe. [Methods] Study and summarize Zhongjing’s theory on “protecting stomach Qi”through literature research and comprehensive analysis and its application on wom-an’s diseases in Jingui Yaolüe. [Results] Zhongjing paid great attention to every aspects including therapy and pharmacy, contraindications, boiling herbs and taking medicine, and prognosis. His theory of “protecting stomach qi”reflected in the three chapters of woman’s diseases in Jingui Yaolüe.[Conclu-sion] Zhongjing placed great stress on protecting stomach qi and applied the theory of spleen and stomach which Huangdi Neijing established to clinical practice. This theory is of great importance for the doctors at later ages in guiding diagnosis and treating disease.

Avaliação in vitro da atividade fotoprotetora de extratos vegetais do cerrado de Mato Grosso / In vitro sunscreen activity evaluation of plants Iextracts from Mato Grosso cerrado

O cerrado brasileiro é um bioma detentor de grande diversidade biológica. No entanto, são escassas as pesquisas de espécies vegetais, especialmente do cerrado mato-grossense, com potencial para serem utilizadas como filtros solares naturais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o potencial fotoprotetor de espécies de diferentes famílias (Apocynaceae, Lythraceae, Oxalidaceae) do cerrado da região do Rio Manso, Chapada dos Guimarães - MT. A absorbância dos extratos etanólicos secos foram medidas em diferentes concentrações entre os comprimentos de onda de 260 a 400nm para verificar a absorção nas regiões ultravioleta A e B (UVA e UVB). As plantas que apresentaram absorbância na região estudada foram submetidas a uma análise fitoquímica qualitativa preliminar para determinar a presença de polifenóis e alcalóides, constituintes característicos de plantas que absorvem a radiação UV. Os extratos etanólicos secos que apresentaram absorção em UVB foram submetidos ao teste de determinação in vitro do Fator de Proteção Solar (FPS) desenvolvido por Mansur. M. Velame apresentou absorção na região UVB com absorbância máxima em 318nm, enquanto que a L. pacari e O. hirsutissima apresentaram absorbância na região UVA. Na concentração utilizada e padronizada, nenhuma das espécies apresentou FPS >2, sendo assim não podem ser consideradas plantas com potencial fotoprotetor.

The Brazilian savanna is a holding biome of large biological diversity. However, the researches of plants species are scarce, especially at the Mato Grosso's savanna; which have potential to be used as natural sunscreen. The objective of this research was to study the photoprotector potential of several species (Apocynaceae, Lythraceae, Oxalidaceae) from the savanna's region at the Manso River, Chapada dos Guimarães - MT. The absorbance of dry ethanolic extracts were measured in different concentrations, between waves from 260nm until 400 nm in length. Just to check the absorption in the A and B ultraviolet regions (UVA and UVB). The plants that presented absorbance by the studied area were submitted to a preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis to determine if there are polyphenols and alkaloids inside, because they are typical constituents of plants that absorber the UV radiation. The dry ethanolic extracts, that presented absorption in UVB, were submitted to a in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) determination test, developed by Mansur. M.velame presented absorption in the UVB region with maximal absorbance at 318 nm, while L. pacari and O. hirsutissima presented absorbance in the UVA region. At the used and standardized concentration, no species presented SPF > 2, so they cannot be considered plants with photoprotector potential.