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1.
Fortaleza; s.n; 2016. 122 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-971914

ABSTRACT

A obesidade, que se caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal decorrente principalmente do aumento do consumo de alimentos calóricos e do sedentarismo, está associada a várias condições patológicas como doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes,desordens musculoesqueléticas e câncer. As opções farmacológicas para o tratamento da obesidade são limitadas e apresentam diversos efeitos colaterais. No Brasil apenas dois fármacos estão disponíveis, sibutramina e orlistate. Na busca de novas opções terapêuticas para o tratamento da obesidade, as plantas medicinais têm sido uma importante fonte de pesquisa, em especial os compostos terpênicos, conhecidos reguladores da glicemia e do metabolismo lipídico. O presente estudo investigou o efeito anti-obesidade da resina do Protium heptaphyllum (RPH) e de seu principal constituinte, a mistura de triterpenos alfa ebeta-amirina (AMI), na obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica em camundongos e seus possíveis mecanismos de ação. Foram utilizados camundongos Swiss, albinos, machos,pesando entre 20-25g, que após uma semana de livre acesso a ração padrão (Purina®,Brasil) foram divididos em 7 grupos de 10 animais e tratados com dieta padrão (DP), dieta hipercalórica (DH), DH+RPH 10mg/kg, DH+RPH 20mg/kg, DH+AMI 10mg/kg, DH+AMI 20mg/kg ou DH+sibutramina 10mg/kg (SIB) por 15 semanas. RPH e AMI foram inicialmente diluídas em 2% Tween 80 em água...


Obesity which is characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat mainly due to theincreased consumption of high-calorie foods and sedentary lifestyle is associated withvarious pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, musculoskeletaldisorders and cancer. Pharmacologic options for the treatment of obesity are limited andhave many side effects. In Brazil only two drugs are available, sibutramine and orlistat. In thesearch for new therapeutic options for the treatment of obesity, medicinal plants have beenan important source of research, particularly the terpene compounds, known regulators ofblood glucose and lipid metabolism. This study investigated the antiobesity effect of Protiumheptaphyllum resin (RPH) and its main constituent, the mixture of triterpenes alpha and betaamyrin(AMY), in obesity induced by high calorie diet in mice and its possible mechanisms ofaction. Swiss albino male mice were used, weighing between 20-25g, which after a week offree access to standard chow (Purina®, Brazil) were divided into 7 groups of 10 animals eachand treated with standard diet (SD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD+RPH 10mg/kg, HFD+RPH20mg/kg, HFD+AMY 10mg/kg, HFD+AMY 20 mg/kg or HFD+sibutramine 10mg/kg (SIB) for15 weeks. RPH and AMY were initially diluted in 2% Tween 80 in water...


Subject(s)
Humans , Triterpenes , Obesity , Diet
2.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 18(2): 531-538, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787943

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Protium heptaphyllum is found in the Amazon region, and in various Brazilian states and South American countries. Also Known as almecega, it produces an oil resin used in traditional medicine as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cicatrizant and expectorant, it is rich in pentacyclic triterpenes and essential oil. The main objective of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of P. heptaphyllumresin (OEPh) over different extraction times and to evaluate their antifungal activity against Candida species, obtained from gardeners with onychomycosis, using the disk diffusion method. The OEPh was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (MDGC / MS). Candida species were obtained from lesions on the nails of horticulturist from a community garden in the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The antifungal activity in concentrations of 1000 µg/L, 500 µg/L and 250 µg/L, PROTOCOL M44-A2 (CLSI 2009) OEPh was tested. The main constituents identified were: l-limonene, α-terpineol, p-cineol, o-cymene and α-phellandrene, however, its composition varies significantly with extraction time. All species, except C. rugosa, were inhibited with halo (≥ 14 mm) at 1000 μg / L. C. krusei is naturally resistant to the drug fluconazole, but when tested with OEPh the clinical species (case 9) demonstrated sensitivity in three dilutions (halo ≤ 10 ≥ 14) and the standard strain was inhibited at concentration of 1000 μg/Lg / L (halo 14mm). A similar situation also occurred with the standard strain of C. parapsilosis (halo ≥ 11mm). OEPh has considerable antifungal activity, which merits further investigation for alternative clinical applications, since this species is widely distributed in our community, and it presents good yields, and also has important therapeutic applications.


RESUMO Protium heptaphyllum é encontrada na região amazônica, em vários estados do Brasil e países da América do Sul. Conhecida como almecega produz uma resina oleosa usada na medicina popular como analgésica, antiinflamatória, cicatrizante e expectorante, é rica em triterpenos pentaciclicos e óleo essencial. O objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi analisar a composição química do óleo essencial da resina P. heptaphyllum (OEPh) em diferentes tempo de extração e avaliarsuaatividade antifúngica contra espécies de Candida, isoladas de horticultores com onicomicoses, por método de disco-difusão. O OEPh foi obtido por hidrodestilação, analisado por Cromatografia Gasosa Multidimensinal Acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (MDGC/MS). As espécies de Candida foram obtidas de lesões nas unhas de horticultores de uma horta comunitária na cidade de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Testou-se a atividade antifúngica do OEPhnas concentrações de 1000 μg/L, 500 μg/L e 250 μg/L, protocolo M44-A2 (CLSI 2009). Os principais constituintes identificados foram l- limoneno, α-terpineol, p-cineol, o-cimeno e α-felandreno, entretanto, sua composição varia significativamente em decorrência do tempo de extração. Todas as espécies, exceto a C. rugosa, foram inibidas com halo ( Χ ≥ 14 mm) na concentração de 1000 μg/L. C. krusei é naturalmente resistente ao fármaco fluconazol, mas quando testado com OEPh,a espécie clínico (caso 9) demonstrou sensibilidade nas três diluições (halo Χ ≤ 10 ≥ 14) e a cepa padrão foi inibida na concentração de 1000 μg/L (halo Χ 14mm). Fato semelhante também ocorreu com a cepa padrão de C. parapsilosis (halo Χ ≥ 11mm). O OEPh possui atividade antifúngica considerável, merecendo uma investigação mais aprofundada para aplicações clínicas alternativas, uma vez que esta espécie é amplamente distribuída em nossa comunidade, apresenta bom rendimento e, ainda, aplicações terapêuticas importantes.


Subject(s)
Candida/classification , Oils, Volatile/analysis , Burseraceae/chemistry , /analysis , Onychomycosis/diagnosis , Disease Susceptibility/classification
3.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 11(3): 223-232, mayo 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-647661

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the identification of volatile components of the leaves, flowers, resin of the stem, and bark of the branches of the tree Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March. collected from East Plains, Orinoquia, Colombia. The main constituents identified by GC-MS in the volatile fraction of the leaves were guaiol (14,4 percent), alpha-copaene (8,6 percent), 1,10-di-epi-cubenol (8,1 percent), beta-cariophyllene (5,7 percent), and gamma-cadinene (5,4 percent). Germacrene D (13,9 percent), germacrene B (13,4 percent), bicyclogermacrene (11,8 percent), and limonene (8,3 percent) were determined in the flowers, while p-cymene (30,1 percent), alpha-pinene (22,1 percent), and limonene (14,4 percent) were identified in the resin; finally, germacrene D (27,7 percent), 1,10-di-epi-cubenol (7,9 percent), guaiol (7,4 percent), and gamma-cadinene (6,9 percent) were found in the bark. The analysis of the resin showed a high percent of monoterpenes (- 60 percent); while the leaves presented a high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (- 60 percent); flowers and bark showed a high composition of sesquiterpenes (40-50 percent).


En este trabajo se reporta la identificación de los componentes volátiles de hojas, flores, resina del tallo y corteza de las ramas del árbol Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March. recolectado en los Llanos Orientales, Orinoquía, Colombia. Los constituyentes mayoritarios identificados por GC-MS en la fracción volátil de las hojas fueron guaiol (14,4 por ciento), alfa-copaeno (8,6 por ciento), 1,10-di-epi-cubenol (8,1 por ciento), trans-beta-cariofileno (5,7 por ciento) gamma -cadineno (5,4 por ciento). Germacreno D (13,9 por ciento), germacreno B (13,4 por ciento), biciclogermacreno (11,8 por ciento) y limoneno (8,3 por ciento) se determinaron en las flores, mientras que, p-cimeno (30,1 por ciento), alfa-pineno (22,1 por ciento) y limoneno (14,4 por ciento) se identificaron en la resina; finalmente, germacreno D (27,7 por ciento), 1,10-di-epi-cubenol (7,9 por ciento), guaiol (7,4 por ciento) gamma -cadineno (6,9 por ciento) se encontraron en la corteza. El análisis de la resina mostró un alto porcentaje de monoterpenos (- 60 por ciento); mientras que, las hojas presentaron una alta proporción de sesquiterpenos oxigenados (- 60 por ciento); las flores y la corteza mostraron una alta composición de sesquiterpenos (40-50 por ciento).


Subject(s)
Burseraceae/chemistry , Plant Bark/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Resins/analysis , Colombia , Distillation , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
4.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 21(4): 721-729, jul.-ago. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-596231

ABSTRACT

Peptic ulcers are a common disorder of the entire gastrointestinal tract, its etiology has not been completely elucidated. The basic physiopathological of peptic ulcers result from an imbalance between some endogenous aggressive factor and cytoprotective factors. The treatment of this disease is usually done with antacids or proton pump, but are currently being used plants derivated compounds. We evaluated the gastroprotective properties and its possible mechanisms of action of the essential oil from Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand, Burseraceae (BB). The formation of ulcers, were evaluated in three experimental models, through the induction of gastric lesions by ethanol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetic acid. The mechanisms of action were evaluated through the pylorus ligature experiment, western blot, GSH, GR, SOD, GPx, MDA and MPO activities. BB significantly inhibited the formation of ulcers induced by the three different models, increased the GSH and GR levels and maintained the same levels of SOD and GPx of the sham group, inhibited MPO and MDA, did not produce significant modification in gastric juice content and showed increased COX-2 and EGF. BB exerts its gastroprotective activity, possibly, by increasing COX-2 and EGF expression and due to its possible antioxidant property.

5.
Acta amaz ; 40(1): 227-230, mar. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-546979

ABSTRACT

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the volatile constituents from resin of Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand subsp. ulei (Swat) Daly (PHU), and Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand subsp. heptaphyllum (PHH), Burseraceae were performed using GC-MS and GC-FID. The resins were collected around the city of Cruzeiro do Sul, state of Acre, Brazil. Essential oils from the two subspecies were extracted by hydrodistillation with a yield of 8.6 percent (PHU) and 11.3 percent (PHH); the main components were terpinolene (42.31 percent) and p-cymene (39.93 percent) for subspecies ulei (PHU) and heptaphyllum (PHH), respectively.


As análises qualitativa e quantitativa dos óleos essenciais obtidos das resinas das espécies Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand subespécie ulei (Swat) Daly (PHU) e Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand subespécie heptaphyllum (PHH), Burseraceae, foram realizadas utilizando cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplado a um espectrômetro de massa (CG-EM) e cromatografia a gás com detector de chama (CG-DIC). As resinas foram coletadas no Município de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brasil. O óleo essencial das oleoresinas foi extraído por hidrodestilação fornecendo rendimento 8,6 por cento para PHU e 11,3 por cento para PHH. Os monoterpenos terpinoleno (42.31 por cento) e p-cimeno (39.93 por cento) foram os constituintes principais para PHU e PHH, respectivamente.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Burseraceae/chemistry , Terpenes/analysis , Cymenes/analysis
6.
Acta amaz ; 37(1): 103-109, 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-459257

ABSTRACT

Essential oils from leaves and fruits of Protiumheptaphyllum collected in Tamandaré beach Pernambuco/Brazil were analysed by GC/MS and tested for toxicity and repellent effect against the two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). The major constituent identified in the fruits was alpha-terpinene (47.6 percent) whereas oil from leaf contained mainly sesquiterpenes such as 9-epi-caryophyllene (21.4 percent), trans-isolongifolanone (10.7 percent) and 14-hydroxi-9-epi-caryophyllene (16.7 percent). The fruit oil was found to be more effective against the mite when compared to the leaf oil. Both showed mortality properties and oviposition deterrence in higher concentration (10 µl.l-1 air), but only the essential oil from fruits induced repellence on T. urticae.


O óleo essencial das folhas e frutos de Protiumheptaphyllum coletada em Tamandaré-Pernambuco foi analisado por CG/EM e testado sua toxicidade e efeito repelente contra ácaro rajado (Tetranychus urticae). O constituinte majoritário identificado nos frutos foi alfa-terpineno (47,6 por cento) enquanto que nas folhas foram os sesquiterpenos 9-epi-cariofileno (21,4 por cento), trans-isolongifolanona (10,7 por cento) and 14-hidroxi-9-epi-cariofileno (16,7 por cento). O óleo dos frutos foi mais eficiente contra o ácaro, comparado com o óleo das folhas. Ambos os óleos revelaram propriedades de mortalidade e deterrência de oviposição na maior concentração (10 µl.l-1 air) e apenas o óleo essencial dos frutos induziu repelência no T. urticae.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile , Burseraceae , Hydrogen
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