ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Se examinan cuatro aproximaciones sobre los procesos y limitaciones de los mercados, y los de no mercado: Smith, Arrow, Becker y Roth. Smith centra la atención en el sentimiento moral de la simpatía, Arrow pone el énfasis en las asimetrías lógicas que se presentan entre la elección individual y la colectiva, Becker busca ampliar el sistema de precios a través de los incentivos y Roth destaca la relevancia de la sicología y de la conducta humana.
ABSTRACT Four approaches to the processes and limitations of markings, and those of non-market, are examined: Smith, Arrow, Becker and Roth. Smith focuses on the moral feeling of sympathy, Arrow emphasizes the logical asymmetries that arise between individual and collective choice, Becker seeks to expand the price system through incentives, and Roth highlights the relevance of psychology and human behavior.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar (através de estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal) a prestação de serviços de manutenção predial em Unidades de Saúde, considerando os cinco tipos de Estabelecimentos (Unidade Básica de Saúde, Unidade de Pronto Atendimento, Especialidade, Hospitalar e Saúde Mental). A pesquisa foi aprovada no CEP da FHEMIG com o Termo de Concordância junto ao SUS Betim. Foi realizada a análise comparativa através da verificação de requisitos da "Gestão da Estrutura Físico-Funcional", do "Manual Brasileiro de Acreditação Hospitalar" da ONA. Foram constatadas inconformidades na gestão físico-funcional dos EAS, especialmente das UBS. Importante essa avaliação, considerando que o cumprimento dos requisitos formais, técnicos e de estrutura, as atividades assistenciais, de acordo com a organização do serviço e adequadas ao perfil e à complexidade, podem colaborar para minimizar os riscos dos usuários. Para a melhoria da qualidade assistencial dos estabelecimentos, é imprescindível que os gestores, com o respaldo da "alta direção", priorizem, nos planejamentos, os recursos financeiros, humanos e materiais a fim de garantir o cumprimento das exigências da segurança dos usuários nos edifícios.
The scope of this paper was to evaluate the provision of building maintenance services in health units, by means of a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study, considering the five types of facilities (Primary Health, Emergency, Specialty, Hospital and Mental Health Units). The research was approved by the Research Ethics Comittee of FHEMIG with the Terms of Agreement signed with the Unified Health System of Betim. Comparative analysis was conducted by checking the requirements of "Physical-Functional Structure Management" of the "Brazilian Hospital Accreditation Manual" of the National Accreditation Organization. Nonconformities were noted in the physical-functional management of the health centers, especially the primary health units. The assessment was important, considering that compliance with formal, technical and structural requirements, welfare activities, according to the service organization and appropriate to the profile and complexity, can collaborate to minimize the risks of users. To improve the quality of health care establishments, it is essential that managers, backed by "top management," prioritize financial, human and material resources in planning to ensure compliance with security requirements of users in buildings.
Subject(s)
Hospital Administration , Safety/standards , Maintenance and Engineering, Hospital/organization & administration , Corrective Maintenance , Preventive MaintenanceABSTRACT
La tenencia de animales representa una de las principales fuentes de ingresos para la mayoría de poblaciones rurales de países en desarrollo. Además, coadyuva a la generación y fortalecimiento del capital financiero, social y natural. En Colombia, el sector pecuario contribuye con buena parte del producto interno bruto (PIB) y es uno de los principales medios de vida para las comunidades rurales. Las comunidades indígenas tradicionalmente han mantenido animales como medio de subsistencia y atendiendo a las determinantes culturales que las caracterizan y diferencian entre sí. Sin embargo, existen serias limitantes de salud y producción animal que influencian negativamente los sistemas productivos tradicionales y, por lo tanto, reducen su eficiencia y la calidad de vida de las familias. Este trabajo se adelantó con una comunidad indígena del resguardo de Guachucal (Nariño),perteneciente al pueblo de los Pastos; se utilizaron metodologías de investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa, involucrando los diversos actores en la producción animal (productores y proveedores de servicios de los sectores público y privado). Los resultados del trabajo permitieron identificar los factores que determinan la demanda de servicios pecuarios por los pequeños productores indígenas, sobre la base de identificar y priorizar sus necesidades y problemáticas productivas. De la misma manera, se plantean algunas pautas de mejora mientodel sistema de suministro de servicios pecuarios.
The possession of animals represents one of the main sources of income for the majority of rural populations of developing countries. In addition, contribute to the generation and strengthening of financial capital, social and natural. In Colombia, the livestock sector contributes with good part of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and is one of the main livelihoods for rural communities. The indigenous communities have traditionally had animals as a means of livelihood and in cultural determinants that characterize and differentiate between if. However, there are serious limitations of health and animal production, which influence negatively the traditional productive systems, reducing the efficiency of them and the quality of life of families. This work was developed with an indigenous community of Guachucal (Nariño), in which it use quantitative research methodologies and qualitative,involving various actors in animal production (producers and providers of services of public and private sectors). The results of work, allowed identify the factors that determine the demand for livestock services on the part of small indigenous producers, as well as identifying and prioritizing the needs and problems facing them, to keep their animals healthy and productive. In the same way, it was possible to identify and raise some patterns of improvement of the system of supply of services livestock.