Application of socket-shield technique for immediate implant placement and provisionalization in esthetic zone: a case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the effect of the socket-shield technique (SST) concurrent with immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) in the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth.@*Methods@#A case of maxillary anterior tooth stumps with a thin labial bone wall was treated with SST for preservation of labial soft and hard tissue fullness, combined with an immediate implant placement and immediate provisional crown for restoring the shape of the tooth and gingival molding@*Results@#Immediate implant placement and provisionalization restored the morphology and function of the affected tooth in the shortest possible time. The patient's labial soft and hard tissue contours in the affected tooth area were well preserved in the 18-month follow-up after the application of the SST, which presented a better aesthetic result. The literature review indicates that the indications for SST are unrestorable maxillary anterior teeth, whose dental, periodontal and periapical tissues are healthy and intact. In the esthetic zone, root shielding is effective in maintaining the soft and hard tissue contour on the labial side of the implant. However, there is no consensus on the technical details of SST, such as the ideal coronal height and thickness of the shield, and the management of the gap between the shield and the implant. Thus, more clinical studies and histologic evidence are needed to provide a reference for clinical decision-making. In addition, digital technology can improve the accuracy of implant placement and shield preparation.@*Conclusion@#The correct application of SST combined with IIPP in the esthetic zone can ensure esthetic results. However, more high-quality evidence-based medical evidence is needed for its long-term efficacy, and indications should be strictly controlled during clinical application.

Microtensile bond strength of resin cements to 3-D printed and milled temporary restorative resins / Resistencia de unión en microtracción de cementos resinosos a resinas para provisionales impresas y fresadas

Abstract To evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of two resin cements to 3D printed and milled CAD/CAM resins used for provisional fixed partial dentures. Blocks (5 x 5 x 5 mm) of three 3D-printed resins (Cosmos3DTemp / Yller; Resilab3D Temp / Wilcos and SmartPrint BioTemp, / MMTech) were printed (Photon, Anycubic Technology Co.). A milled material (VitaCAD-Temp, VITA) was used as control. Half the specimens were sandblasted and the rest were untreated. Two blocks were bonded with the corresponding resin cement: PanaviaV5 (Kuraray Noritake) and RelyX Ultimate (3M Oral Care). After 24 hours, the bonded blocks were sectioned into 1 x 1 mm side sticks. Half the beams were tested for µTBS and the other half was thermocycled (5000 cycles, 30s dwell-time, 5s transfer time) before µTBS testing. A four way Generalized Linear Model (material*sandblasting*cement*aging) analysis was applied. VITA exhibited the lowest µTBS, regardless of the cement, sandblasting and thermocycling. Sandblasting significantly improved the µTBS of VIT, especially after aging, but did not improve the µTBS of 3D printed resins. Sandblasting was not beneficial for 3D printed resins, although is crucial for adhesive cementation of milled temporary resins. Airborne particle abrasion affects the integrity of 3D-printed resins, without producing a benefit on the microtensile bond strength of these materials. However, sandblasting is crucial to achieve a high bond strength on milled temporary resins.

Resumen Evaluar la resistencia adhesiva en microtracción (µTBS) de dos cementos resinosos a resinas CAD/CAM impresas y fresadas indicadas para restauraciones provisionales. Bloques (5 x 5 x 5mm) de tres resinas impresas (Cosmos3DTemp / Yller; Resilab3D Temp / Wilcos and SmartPrint BioTemp, / MMTech) y una resina fresada (VitaCAD-Temp, VITA) fueron fabricados. La mitad de los especímenes fueron arenados y el resto no recibió tratamiento mecánico. Dos bloques con condiciones de tratamiento iguales fueron cementados con cemento resinoso (PanaviaV5 / Kuraray Noritake y RelyX Ultimate / 3M Oral Care). Después de 24 horas los bloques fueron seccionados en palitos de 1 mm² de área. En la mitad de los especímenes se midió la TBS inmediatamente y el resto fue termociclado (5000 ciclos, 30s remojo, 5s transferencia) antes de la prueba de TBS. Se aplica un análisis estadístico por Modelo Linear General con 4 factores (material*arenado*cemento*termociclado). La resina VITA presentó la menor µTBS, independientemente del cemento usado, el arenado y el termociclado. Sin embargo, el arenado aumentó la µTBS de VIT, especialmente después del termociclado. Por otro lado, el arenado no resultó en un aumento significativo de la µTBS de las resinas impresas. El arenado no fue beneficiosos para las resinas impresas, aunque es un paso crucial para la cementación adhesive de las resinas fresadas. El arenado afecta la integridad de las capas de las resinas impresas, sin generar un beneficio en la TBS.

Invitro Comparative Analysis of the Flexural Strength of 4 Different Commercially Available Provisional Materials Used in Fixed Partial Dentures – An Original Research

Background: Provisional Prosthesis in fixed partial dentures are subjected to Flexure under stress. Selection of appropriate material for fabrication of Provisional is of utmost importance as the Provisional prosthesis has to remain in function till definitive prosthesis is delivered. Material & Methods: Bar type specimens of four different commercially available brands for provisional restorations fabricated according to ADA specification No. 27 and immersed in artificial saliva. The specimens were fractured under 3-point loading test. Results: The flexural strength ranged between 60 to 110 Mpa. BisGMA Auto polymerizing composite resin from Dentsply Caulk shows the highest flexural strength. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the flexural strengths were material specific rather than category one. The BisGMA composite based resin shows significantly higher flexural strength over other materials

Effect of Aging and Thermocycling on Flexural Strength of PEEK as a Provisional Restoration for Full Mouth Rehabilitation – An In vitro Study

Introduction: To compare the flexural strength of autopolymerizing poly methyl methacrylate resins (PMMA) resin, CAD/CAM milled PMMA and CAD/CAM milled poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) when used as provisional restorative materials for long span situations in full mouth rehabilitation after aging and thermocycling. Materials and Methods: Sixty samples (25 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated using autopolymerizing PMMA resin (GROUP I), CAD/CAM milled PMMA (GROUP II) and PEEK (GROUP III). The groups were subdivided into A and B and subjected to 7 days of aging and 500 cycles of thermocycling (subgroup A) and 14 days of aging and 1000 cycles of thermocycling (subgroup B), respectively, and flexural strength was evaluated using a three?point bend test. The data were analyzed with student t test and pair?wise comparison of mean values was done by ANOVA. Results: The flexural strength of PEEK subjected to 7 days of aging and 500 cycles of thermocycling (III (A) ? 6628.70 MPa) was the highest among all groups followed by PEEK subjected to 14 days of aging and 1000 cycles of thermocycling (III (B) ? 3760.50 MPa). Conclusion: The mean flexural strength of PEEK was statistically significant than the other two materials tested and hence can be recommended for use as a provisional restorative material for long span situations in full mouth rehabilitation. However, the mean flexural strength of PEEK reduced approximately by 44% when subjected to further aging

Microleakage of chairside moulded, 3D-printed and milled provisional restorations using a curve-fit approach

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate and measure the microleakage inhibiting quality of provisional restorations manufactured using computer-aided manufacturing, 3D printing, and chairside molded provisional restorative materials. Fifteen provisional restorations each from 3D printed, milled, and chairside molded were manufactured. All restorations were cemented onto sintered zirconia abutment dies and adhered with zinc-oxide non-eugenol temporary cement. Artificial aging was conducted by thermocycling for 800 cycles to simulate 1 month of clinical use. All specimens were submerged in 2% (w/w) methylene blue for 24 hours at 37°C, sectioned, and analyzed digitally for the distance of dye penetration through image analysis. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc. Significant differences in dye penetration depth were observed between all groups except milled vs chairside molded. Light microscopy revealed differences in mean cement thickness for 3D printed, milled, and chairside molded of 83.6 µm (1σ = 31.9 µm), 149.1 µm (1σ = 88.7 µm) and 137.9 µm (1σ = 67.2 µm) respectively. Conclusion: 3D printed provisional restorations were found to have the least amount of microleakage compared to milled and chairside molded provisional restorations.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e medir a qualidade de inibição de microinfiltração de restaurações provisórias fabricadas usando manufatura assistida por computador, impressão 3D e materiais de restauração provisória moldados no consultório. Foram fabricadas 15 restaurações provisórias impressas em 3D, fresadas e moldadas em consultório. Todas as restaurações foram cimentadas em matrizes de pilar de zircônia sinterizada e aderidas com cimento temporário de óxido de zinco sem eugenol. O envelhecimento artificial foi conduzido por termociclagem por 800 ciclos para simular 1 mês de uso clínico. Todos os espécimes foram submersos em azul de metileno a 2% (p/p) por 24 horas a 37°C, seccionados e analisados digitalmente quanto à distância de penetração do corante por meio de análise de imagem. Os dados foram analisados usando o teste de Kruskal-Wallis com post-hoc de Dunn-Bonferroni. Foram observadas diferenças significativas na profundidade de penetração do corante entre todos os grupos, exceto entre fresado e moldado na cadeira. A microscopia óptica revelou diferenças na espessura média do cimento para as restaurações impressas em 3D, fresadas e moldadas em cadeira de 83,6 µm (1σ = 31,9 µm), 149,1 µm (1σ = 88,7 µm) e 137,9 µm (1σ = 67,2 µm), respectivamente. Conclusão: As restaurações provisórias impressas em 3D apresentaram a menor quantidade de microinfiltração em comparação com as restaurações provisórias fresadas e moldadas no consultório.

Preservación Alveolar con Técnica BARP y Provisionalización Inmediata. Caso Clínico

RESUMEN: Actualmente existen varias alternativas para prevenir, disminuir y corregir deformidades en el reborde alveolar, originadas por la reabsorción ósea al momento de la extracción de uno o varios dientes. La preservación alveolar es cualquier procedimiento que se realiza al momento de una extracción y permite conservar las dimensiones y el contorno del alveolo. Hay diversas técnicas para preservación las cuales están diseñadas para prevenir tanto como sea posible los cambios ocurridos al retirar un órgano dentario. El tratamiento de elección para reemplazar la funcionalidad, estabilidad biológica y estética de un diente, es a través de la colocación de implantes dentales, cuya colocación posterior a la preservación alveolar reduce los cambios dimensionales del reborde alveolar. La recientemente propuesta técnica de preservación alveolar BARP, "Biologically-oriented Alveolar Ridge Preservation" por sus siglas en Inglés, logró preservar las dimensiones de la cresta alveolar, al tiempo que restringe cualquier interferencia sobre el biomaterial.

ABSTRACT: Nowadays there are several choices, to prevent, reduce and correct alveolar ridge deformities caused by resorption at the time of extracting one or several teeth. Alveolar ridge preservation is defined as any procedure performed, following any dental extraction that allows the dimensions of the alveolus to be preserved. Those techniques of alveolar ridge preservation are designed to prevent as many reabsorption changes that occur after dental extraction. The best choice to replace the functionality, biological stability, and esthetic, of natural teeth is to place a dental implant. The placement of the alveolar ridge preservation treatment reduces the dimensional changes over the alveolar ridge. The recently proposed technique to alveolar ridge preservation called BARP or "Biologically-oriented Alveolar Ridge Preservation" managed to preserve the alveolar ridge dimensions while restricting any interference with the biomaterial at the same time.

The Effectiveness of Driving Evaluation Using a Driving Simulator in Patients with Higher Brain Dysfunction / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Introduction：The relationship between the results of a driving simulator test and a paper-based evaluation of higher brain function were examined.Subjects：The subjects of this study were 203 patients with brain injury who received support to resume driving during hospitalization or outpatient treatment at our hospital between April 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018.Methods：The sex, age, and results of various higher brain function tests of the patients were investigated using medical records and the outcomes of the driving resumption support. The performance on a driving simulator test was compared between patients judged able to and those judged unable to resume driving.Results：In the group of 165 patients who passed the paper-based evaluation of higher brain function, 34 were judged unable to resume driving based on a driving simulator test. In the group that did not pass the paper-based evaluation of higher brain function, 4 patients were also judged unable to resume driving based on a driving simulator test. The results of the higher brain function evaluation were significantly better in the group permitted to resume driving compared with the group not permitted to resume driving in all items except for the Visual Reproduction subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised.Conclusions：Evaluations of actual automobile driving using driving simulators or other means are important in assessing driving resumption. Driving requires the use of various higher brain functions and the results of this study suggest that a higher level of ability is required for safe driving.

Effect of immediate dentin sealing and temporary cement removal on bond strength of resin cements to dentin / Efeito do selamento dentinário imediato e da remoção do cimento provisório na resistência de união de cimentos resinosos à dentina

Objective: To evaluate the influence of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) and mechanical methods for removing the temporary cement on the bond strength between dentin and resin cements. Material and Methods: Bovine incisors were ground until dentin exposure and divided according to two factors: "dentin surface treatment"' - cleaning with manual dental excavator (DE), with Robinson bristle brush and pumice paste (PP) or IDS application with Single Bond 2 (IDS/SB+PP) or Single Bond Universal (IDS/SBU+PP) plus cleaning with PP; and "resin cement" - Self-adhesive (RelyX U200) or conventional cement with self-etching adhesive (Multilink Automix). Simulating provisional restoration, acrylic resin plates were cemented onto the dentin surface (with or without IDS) with a non-eugenol temporary cement, and stored in distilled water (37 ºC; 7 days). The acrylic plates were removed, the dentin surface was cleaned (PP or DE), and starch tubes were positioned on the dentin where the resin cements were applied. After 24 h, the specimens were submitted to a microshear test (wire-loop method). Results: Two-way analysis of variance showed statistically significant influence of dentine surface treatments (p< 0.001) and resin cement (p= 0.001) in the bond strength values. The IDS/SBU+PP/U200 (7.24 MPa) and IDS/SBU+PP/MULTI (6.40 MPa) groups presented higher values when compared to cleaning with DE (DE/U200= 4.60 MPa; DE/MULTI= 1.45 MPa) and PP (PP/U200= 3.74 MPa; PP/MULTI= 3.14 MPa). Statistical difference was also found between the cements when dental excavator treatment was used (RelyX U200 ˃ Multilink Automix). The IDS/SBU+PP protocol presented a higher percentage of cohesive failures. The micrographs showed differences in dentin surface characteristics among the groups. Conclusion: Immediate dentin sealing increased the bond strength of the resin cements to dentin compared to mechanical cleaning only, regardless the resin cement. (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do selamento dentinário imediato (IDS) e dos métodos mecânicos de remoção do cimento provisório na resistência de união entre dentina e cimentos resinosos. Materiais e Métodos: Incisivos bovinos foram desgastados até a exposição da dentina e divididos de acordo com dois fatores: "tratamento da superfície dentinária" - limpeza com cureta dentária manual (DE), com escova de cerdas Robinson e pasta de pedra-pomes (PP) ou aplicação de IDS com Single Bond 2 (IDS/SB +PP) ou Single Bond Universal (IDS/SBU+PP) mais limpeza com PP; e "cimento resinoso" - autoadesivo (RelyX U200) ou cimento convencional com adesivo autocondicionante (Multilink Automix). Simulando a restauração provisória, placas de resina acrílica foram cimentadas na superfície dentinária (com ou sem IDS) com um cimento provisório sem eugenol e armazenadas em água destilada (37 ºC; 7 dias). As placas de acrílico foram removidas, a superfície dentinária foi limpa (PP ou DE) e tubos de amido foram posicionados na dentina onde os cimentos resinosos foram aplicados. Após 24 h, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos ao ensaio de microcisalhamento (método wire-loop). Resultados: A análise de variância de dois fatores mostrou influência estatisticamente significativa dos tratamentos de superfície dentinária (p< 0,001) e cimento resinoso (p= 0,001) nos valores de resistência de união. Os grupos IDS/SBU+PP/U200 (7,24 MPa) e IDS/SBU+PP/MULTI (6,40 MPa) apresentaram valores maiores quando comparados à limpeza com DE (DE/U200= 4,60 MPa; DE/MULTI= 1,45 MPa) e PP (PP/U200= 3,74 MPa; PP/MULTI= 3,14 MPa). Uma diferença estatística também foi encontrada entre os cimentos quando o tratamento com cureta dentária foi usado (RelyX U200 ˃ Multilink Automix). O protocolo IDS/SBU+PP apresentou maior percentual de falhas coesivas. As micrografias mostraram diferenças nas características da superfície dentinária entre os grupos. Conclusão: O selamento dentinário imediato aumentou a resistência de união dos cimentos resinosos à dentina em comparação com a limpeza mecânica apenas, independentemente do cimento resinoso.(AU)

The Prosthetic Management of a Case of Epulis Fissuratum by a Novel Technique / El manejo protésico de un caso de épulis fisurado con una técnica novedosa

ABSTRACT: The clinical management of the epulis involves the elimination of causal factors, excision of fibrous tissue excess accompanied by an appropriate prosthetic rehabilitation. The confection of interim prosthesis or the rectification of old prosthesis for the setting up of a tissue conditioner if necessary, to improve the healing and prevent the decrease of the vestibule depth after the surgical exeresis. Throughout this paper, we are going to present a new technique for the correction of old prostheses poorly adapted for the management of a case of the epulis fissuratum.

RESUMEN: El manejo clínico de un épulis comprende la eliminación de los agentes causales y la eliminación del tejido fibroso, acompañado de una adecuada rehabilitación protésica. Es necesaria la confección de una prótesis provisional o la rectificación de la prótesis vieja, para la colocación del acondicionador de tejidos si fuera necesario para mejorar el sanado y prevenir la disminución de la profundidad del vestíbulo después de la exéresis quirúrgica. En este artículo, presentaremos una nueva técnica para la corrección de la prótesis desajustada en el manejo de un caso de épulis fisurado.

Prosthetically driven alveolar reconstructions: a retrospective study

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the post-extraction alveolar bone reconstruction amongst 12 patients exhibiting loss of buccal bone plate in a tooth of the anterior region of the maxilla using the prosthetically-driven alveolar reconstruction technique (PDAR). In PDAR, a partial fixed provisional prosthesis (PFPP [conventional or adhesive]) with a specially designed pontic maintains the clot in a mechanically stable position during alveolar regeneration. Moreover, the pontic design, in hourglass shape and located in the subgingival area, also prevents gingival margins from collapsing. Gingival recession was evaluated through the 6-month healing period. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed 1 month before and 8 months after PDAR treatment. For the primary outcome, in the panoramic imaging, the central area of bone defect in each tooth was selected for linear measurements. Measurements of the vertical buccal bone gain and the gain in thickness in the alveolar bone crest were obtained 8 months after PDAR. Descriptive statistics and intraclass correlation coefficient analysis were conducted. After treatment, all patients showed bone formation (a mean vertical gain of 7.1±3.7 mm, associated with a horizontal mean gain of 4.5±1.4 mm in the alveolar bone crest). The intraclass correlation coefficient for the measurements performed using CBCT was 0.999. No gingival recession, greater than 1 mm, was observed. Lower-morbidity procedures without the use of biomaterials may be a useful in post-extraction alveolar ridge regeneration and/or preservation. PDAR promoted alveolar bone formation without flaps, grafts and membranes.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a reconstrução do osso alveolar após extração em 12 pacientes com perda da tábua óssea vestibular em dentes na região anterior da maxila usando a técnica da reconstrução alveolar proteticamente guiada (RAPG). Na RAPG, uma prótese parcial fixa provisória (PPFP [convencional ou adesiva]) com um pôntico com design específico mantém o coágulo numa posição mecanicamente estável. Além disso, o design do pôntico, com formato de ampulheta e localizado na área subgengival, também previne o colapso das margens gengivais. A recessão gengival foi avaliada durante o período de cicatrização de 6 meses. Tomografias computadorizadas cone beam (TCCB) foram feitas 1 mês antes e 8 meses após o tratamento com a RAPG. Para o desfecho primário, nas imagens panorâmicas, a área central do defeito ósseo em cada dente foi selecionada para as medições lineares. As medições do ganho vertical ósseo vestibular e do ganho em espessura na crista óssea alveolar foram realizadas. A análise estística descritiva e a análise do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse forma realizados. Após o tratamento, todos os pacientes apresentaram formação óssea (ganho vertical médio de 7,1±3,7 mm, associado a ganho horizontal médio de 4,5±1,4 mm na crista óssea alveolar). O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foi de 0,999. Nenhuma retração gengival acima de 1 mm foi observada. Procedimentos com baixa morbidade sem o uso de biomateriais podem ser úteis na regeneração/preservação do rebordo após as extrações. A RAPG promove a formação do osso alveolar sem o uso de retalhos, enxertos e membranas.

Neither God nor others: a qualitative study of strategies for avoiding suicide among homeless people

Abstract Introduction Drug addiction and alcoholism characterize the existential condition of most homeless people, while the risk of suicide runs in parallel. Objectives Following the Provisional Model (PM), this study aimed to explore the relationships between addiction, suicidal ideation, and religiosity among 13 homeless people, and the roles of bonding ties (within the group) and bridging ties (intergroup). Method The study is rooted in the field of qualitative psychology research. A survey was conducted, analyzing the personal accounts of participants and applying the PM psychological interpretation integrated with theory from literature on drug addiction, religiosity, and suicidal ideation in the field of homelessness. Results Outcomes show that suicidal ideation appears in the first phase of homelessness and is opposed by alcoholism and drug addiction. Religiosity does not help to counteract suicidal ideation or to create bonding relationships. Conversely, drugs and alcohol seem to be more useful for preventing suicide, but also do not help in bonding relationships. Conclusion Our survey only partially confirmed the PM, because the main result was the importance of relationships between suicidal ideation and alcohol/drug abuse during the initial phase of becoming homeless, while the importance of bonding ties deriving from addiction behavior did not emerge.

Comparison and Evaluation of Marginal Accuracy of Provisional Restoration by 3 Different Materials In vitro Study

Overview: Provisional Restoration plays a vital role in the long term Success of fixed partial restorations. A provisional restoration is a transitional restoration that provides protection, stabilization and function before Fabrication of the definitive prosthesis. A poorly adapted provisional restoration encourages plaque accumulation which can lead to periodontal conditions ranging from gingival Inflammation to periodontal support breakdown, this being especially true in cases where finish line margins are placed equigingivally or subgingivally. Aim of this in vitro study to compare the vertical marginal discrepancy of provisional restorations fabricated using light polymerized composite resin by direct technique. Materials and methods: Ivorine teeth (mandibular right and left 1st molar) were attached to the Typodont. Putty index was prepared Putty for each Ivorine tooth and prepared for a full crown restoration with a 1mm shoulder finish line and a uniform height of 6 mm of all the axial surfaces. After tooth preparation, impression was made with heavy body and light body using putty wash technique. Impression was immediately poured with die stone. Altogether sample size was 48. Provisional crowns fabricated using direct technique and cemented using Freegenol luting cement. They were divided into 3 groups, i.e. sixteen for each material. Die hardener was applied to the remaining part of the stone dies to prevent distortion of the die stone during aging process of the specimen. Each group was further divided into 8 depending on the type of aging process the specimens were subjected to: Pepsi, Tea and Arabian coffee and soaked for 54 hours. After immersion, the specimens were washed in distilled water, dried with filter paper, and subjected to marginal accuracy by Stereo microscope. Data obtained in the present study was subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and inter group comparison was done with PostHoc Bonferroni’s correction SPSS Version 21. Results: Comparison of the buccal marginal discrepancies in the 3 materials used for temporary crowns using ANOVA showed significant changes when dipped in the 3 beverages. Significant buccal and lingual marginal discrepancy of all 3 temporary crowns was observed when immersed in tea compared to coffee and Pepsi as well as coffee with Pepsi by Post-Hoc Bonferroni’s correlation. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that, all the three temporary crowns fabricated from different materials showed significant marginal discrepancy when dipped in three different beverages

Influence of surface treatments and repair materials on the shear bond strength of CAD/CAM provisional restorations

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of surface treatments and repair materials on the shear bond strength and to measure the fracture toughness of CAD/CAM provisional restoration materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four CAD/CAM (3D printing: Nextdent C&B and ZMD-1000B Temporary, CAD/CAM resin block: Yamahachi PMMA disk and Huge PMMA block) and four conventional (monometacrylate: Jet and Alike, dimetacrylate: Luxatemp and Protemp 4) materials were selected to fabricate disk-shaped specimens and divided into six groups according to surface treatment (n=10). CAD/CAM materials were repaired with Jet or Luxatemp, while conventional materials were repaired with their own materials. The shear bond strength was measured by using universal testing machine. Ten rectangular column-shaped specimens for each material were fabricated to measure the fracture toughness by single edge v notched beam technique. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The highest shear bond strength of CAD/CAM materials was achieved by SiC paper + sandblasting. It was also accomplished when repairing 3D printing materials with Luxatemp, and repairing CAD/CAM resin blocks with Jet. Yamahachi PMMA disk showed the highest fracture toughness. Nextdent C&B showed the lowest fracture toughness value but no statistically significant difference from Alike and Luxatemp (P>.05). CONCLUSION: In order to successfully repair the CAD/CAM provisional restoration, mechanical surface treatment and appropriate repair material according to the CAD/CAM material type should be selected. The CAD/CAM provisional materials have proper mechanical properties for clinical use as compared to conventional materials.

Functional impression technique using temporary denture for rehabilitation of severely atrophic maxillary and mandibular ridges / 대한치과보철학회지

Soft liner is used to functional impression technique when dental stone is immediately poured after taking impression because of viscoelasticity. In this case, a 78-year-old male visited for new dentures. Due to severe resorption of mandibular edentulous ridge, functional impression taking by closed mouth technique was planned. First of all, making maxillary and mandibular provisional dentures was done, and lined by soft liner to rehabilitate pressured maxillary and mandibular edentulous ridge. After this, Functional impression was taken by closed mouth technique using provisional dentures which are transformed to healed maxillary and mandibular edentulous ridge, and final denture were fabricated using maxillary provisional denture as a reference of artificial teeth arrangement. Consequently, restoring a complete edentulous patient with taking functional impression using provisional dentures resulted in recovering satisfying retention and function.

Adaptación marginal y resistencia a la tracción de coronas provisionales cementadas con dos tipos de cemento provisional / Marginal adaptation and tensile strength of interim crowns with two types of cemented provisional cement / Adaptação marginal e resistência à tração de coroas provisórias cimentadas com dois tipos de cimento provisório

Entre los requerimientos que debe cumplir una restauración provisional, destacan la adaptación marginal precisa y el sellado adecuado del agente cementante temporal. Objetivo: Comparar la adaptación marginal y resistencia a la tracción de coronas provisionales fabricadas con acrílico de termocurado y resina, cementadas con dos tipos de biomaterial. Me-todología: Estudio in vitro. 40 premolares superiores fueron tallados para recibir una corona completa que se confeccionó con dos tipos de biomaterial provisional (n=20): acrílico de termocurado Veracril® y resina Temp Basic® - CAD/CAM. Las coronas fueron cementadas con dos agentes cementantes temporales (Dycal® y TempBond NE®), se observó la adapta-ción marginal por medio de un estéreo microscopio; después, fueron sometidas a termociclado por 2.500 ciclos y luego se realizó una segunda observación y medición, finalmente se realizaron pruebas de tracción. Resultados: Mediante Kruskal Wallis se encontró diferencias significativas entre los grupos en ambos tiempos de estudio. Los grupos cementados con Dycal® presentaron mejor sellado marginal antes y después del termociclado y mayor resistencia a la tracción que los ce-mentados con TempBond NE® (p= <0,05). En todos los grupos la adaptación marginal fue menor después del termocicla-do (p= <0,05). Por medio del coeficiente de Pearson se determinó una correlación negativa (- 0.97) entre la desadaptación marginal y la resistencia a la tracción. Conclusiones: La desadaptación marginal tiene relación con el cemento utilizado, las coronas provisionales cementadas con Dycal® presentaron estadísticamente menor discrepancia marginal y mayores fuerzas de retención con relación al TempBond NE. El proceso de termociclado influyó en el aumento de la desadaptación marginal en todos los grupos. Cuando la desadaptación fue mayor disminuyó la resistencia a la tracción.

Among the requirements that must be carried out by a provisional restoration, the precise marginal adaptation and ade-quate sealing of the temporary cementing agent stand out. Objective: To compare the marginal adaptation and tensile strength of temporary crowns made of thermo-curing acrylic and resin, cemented with two types of biomaterial. Meth-odology: In vitro study. 40 upper premolars were carved to receive a complete crown that was made with two types of provisional biomaterial (n = 20): Veracril® thermosetting acrylic and Temp Basic® resin - CAD / CAM. The crowns were cemented with two temporary cementing agents (Dycal® and TempBond NE®), marginal adaptation was observed by means of a stereo microscope; then, they were subjected to thermocycling for 2,500 cycles and then a second observation and measurement was performed, finally tensile tests were performed. Results: Kruskal Wallis found significant differences between the groups in both study times. The groups cemented with Dycal® presented better marginal sealing before and after thermocycling and greater tensile strength than those cemented with TempBond NE® (p = <0.05). In all groups the marginal adaptation was lower after thermocycling (p = <0.05). By means of the Pearson coefficient, a negative correlation (- 0.97) was determined between marginal maladjustment and tensile strength. Conclusions: The marginal microleakage is related to the cement used, the provisional crowns cemented with Dycal® presented statistically lower marginal dis-crepancy and greater retention forces in relation to TempBond NE. The thermocycling process influenced the increase in marginal maladjustment in all groups. When the maladjustment was higher, the tensile strength decreased.

Entre os requisitos que uma restauração provisória deve atender, destacam-se a adaptação marginal precisa e o selamen-to adequado do agente de cimentação temporário. Objetivo: Comparar a adaptação marginal e resistência à tração de coroas temporárias de acrílico e resina de termopolimerização, cimentadas com dois tipos de biomateriais. Metodologia: Estudo in vitro. 40 pré-molares superiores foram preparados para receber uma coroa completa confeccionada com dois tipos de biomaterial provisório (n = 20): acrílico de termopolimerização Veracril® e resina Temp Basic® - CAD / CAM. As coroas foram cimentadas com dois agentes de cimentação temporários (Dycal® e TempBond NE®); a adaptação margi-nal foi observada por meio de estéreo microscópio; depois, foram submetidos a termociclagem por 2.500 ciclos térmicos e, em seguida, uma segunda observação e medição foi realizada; finalmente, testes de tração foram realizados. Resulta-dos: no teste Kruskal Wallis encontrou-se diferenças significativas entre os grupos nos dois tempos de estudo. Os grupos cimentados com Dycal® apresentaram melhor selamento marginal antes e depois da termociclagem e maior resistência à tração do que os cimentados com TempBond NE® (p = <0,05). Em todos os grupos, a adaptação marginal foi menor após da termociclagem (p = <0,05). Por meio do coeficiente de Pearson, foi determinada uma correlação negativa (- 0,97) entre discrepância marginal e resistência à tração. Conclusões: A perda da adaptação marginal está relacionada ao cimento utilizado, as coroas provisórias cimentadas com Dycal® apresentaram discrepância marginal menor estatisticamente significativa e maiores forças de retenção em relação ao TempBond® NE. O processo de termociclagem influenciou o au-mento da desadaptação marginal em todos os grupos. Quando a desadaptação foi maior, a resistência à tração diminuiu.

La evaluación de riesgos en la prevención de enfermedades profesionales, incidentes y accidentes laborales en el cultivo intensivo de tilapia / The evaluation of risks in the disease prevention professional, incidental and occupational accidents in the intensive farming of tilapia

RESUMEN Introducción: el cuidado y preservación de la salud en los trabajadores es un factor clave para el incremento de la productividad, la sostenibilidad del trabajo realizado y el bienestar de todos sus empleados. El cultivo intensivo de la tilapia en Cuba es un proceso clave en la producción de alimentos saludables. Sin embargo, en esta actividad existen un conjunto de factores de riesgo que pueden provocar incidentes/accidentes laborales en las diferentes fases de su cultivo y que además pueden provocar enfermedades profesionales o comunes en los trabajadores involucrados. Objetivo: evaluar los factores de riesgos presentes en la actividad de cultivo intensivo de tilapia, desarrollada en una empresa pesquera. Materiales y métodos: e stán referidos a los tipos de investigación utilizados: exploratorios, descriptivos y explicativos. En cuanto a los métodos empíricos aplicados se incluyen la revisión bibliográfica, el método científico inductivo-deductivo y el análisis y la síntesis. Además de las herramientas propias del campo de investigación implicado (herramienta mapa del cuerpo y método binario de evaluación de riesgo). Resultados: s e identifican y evalúan los riesgos para la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores que laboran en el cultivo intensivo de la tilapia. Además, se identifican las principales dolencias en el cuerpo por la incidencia de las condiciones de trabajo y las tareas a desarrollar, considerando tres momentos: inicio, mediado y final de la jornada laboral. Se proponen las acciones preventivas a considerar para evitar problemas de salud, incidentes o accidentes laborales en función de las evaluaciones realizadas. Conclusiones: se destaca que el procedimiento utilizado y los resultados obtenidos constituyen una guía útil para las diferentes organizaciones que deseen conocer la incidencia que tienen los factores de riesgo encontrados en la salud de sus trabajadores, proponiendo un conjunto de medidas preventivas y correctivas para atenuar las situaciones desfavorables (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: care and preservation of the health in the workers is a key factor for the productivity improvement, the sustainability of the realized work and the well-being of all its employees. The intensive farming of the Tilapia in Cuba is a key process in the production of wholesome foods. However; In this activity there are a set of risk factors that incidents can provoke occupational accidents in the different phases of their cultivation and that besides they can provoke professional or common diseases in the implicated workers. Objective: evaluating the factors of present risks in the activity of intensive farming of Tilapia, developed in a fishing company. Materials and methods: they are referred to the types of investigation used: Exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. As to the empiric applied methods they include the bibliographic revision, the inductive deductive scientific method and the analysis and the synthesis. In addition to the own tools of the implicated line of research (tool map of the body and binary method of risk assessment). Results: they provide evidence of their identity and they evaluate security risks and health of the workers that labor in the intensive farming of the tilapia. Furthermore, provide evidence of their identity the main illnesses in the body for the incidence of the working conditions and the tasks to develop, considering three moments: Start, mediated and final of the workday. Actions for provisional remedy intend to consider to avoid health problems, incidents or occupational accidents in terms of the realized evaluations. Conclusions: he stands out that the used procedure and the obtained results constitute an useful guideline for the different organizations that they desire knowing the incidence that have the risk factors found in the health of their workers, proposing a set of measures preventive and corrective to attenuate the unfavorable situations (AU).

Consideraciones para el incremento de dimensión vertical de oclusión. Reporte de un caso / Considerations for the increase of occlusal vertical dimension. Report of a case

RESUMEN La dimensión vertical de oclusión (DVO) está representada por la distancia entre dos puntos, que no se pierde; sin embargo, puede verse aumentada o disminuida. Depende en buena medida de la dentición presente. Entidades patológicas como la atrición severa pueden influir su condición. La ruta clínica para llegar a la determinación de realizar un incremento de DVO es un proceso meticuloso, parte de un diagnóstico certero, cuantificación de la misma, así como la vía para realizar el procedimiento. Existen múltiples métodos para la terapéutica del incremento de DVO: dispositivos removibles o fijos. La elección del plan de tratamiento será con base en las particularidades de cada paciente. No existe tratamiento universal sino uno ideal para cada situación específica. Este caso describe las consideraciones previas al aumento de DVO en un paciente masculino de 68 años con atrición generalizada. Se evaluó la magnitud de la reducción de DVO, perfil facial y estética mediante análisis fotográfico y video; el esquema oclusal y la estructura dental presente. La literatura propone calcular con diferentes métodos el restablecimiento de la DVO; antes de elegir alguno se requiere definir y especular qué tanto se encuentra disminuida, para ello no basta un análisis estático o de simple apreciación, debe considerarse el aspecto facial, así como la dinámica mandibular. El incremento de la DVO en una sola intención, mediante restauraciones provisionales, mantenidas dentro de los parámetros de comodidad, es un excelente recurso para ejecutarla, el paciente experimenta una fase de adaptación favorable y sin complicaciones sintomáticas.

ABSTRACT Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is represented by the distance between two points, which is not lost, however, can be increased or decreased. Depends to a good extent on the present dentition. Pathological entities such as severe attrition can influence their condition. Clinical route to arrive at the determination to perform an increase of OVD is a meticulous process, part of a correct diagnosis, quantifi cation of the same, as well as the way to perform the procedure. There are multiple methods for this treatment: removable or fi xed devices. Choice of treatment will be based on the particularities of each patient. There is no universal treatment but an ideal for each specific situation. This case describes the considerations prior to the increase of OVD in a 68-year-old male patient with generalized attrition. Magnitude of OVD reduction, facial and aesthetic profi le was evaluated by means of photographic and video analysis; the occlusal scheme and the dental structure present. Literature consulted proposes to calculate with different methods the reestablishment of OVD, before choosing one it is necessary to defi ne and to speculate how much it is diminished, for it is not enough a static analysis or of simple appreciation must consider the facial aspect, as well as the mandibular dynamics. Increasing OVD in a single intention, through provisional restorations, maintained within the parameters of comfort, is an excellent resource to execute it, the patient undergoes a phase of favorable adaptation and without symptomatic complications.

Comparação in vitro da sorção e da solubilidade de quatro materiais restauradores provisórios em endodontia / In vitro comparison of the sorption and solubility properties of temporary restorative materials used in endodontics

Objetivo: Este estudo comparou as propriedades de sorção e solubilidade de materiais restauradores provisórios utilizados em endodontia. Material e método: Foram confeccionados 60 corpos de prova, divididos em quatro grupos: G1-IRM® (Dentsply), G2- Coltosol® (Coltene), G3- Riva Light Cure® (SDI), G4 Clip F® (Voco) e pesados após 24h em balança analítica de precisão. Após, foram imersas em água destilada por 12 dias e pesados novamente. Retornaram à estufa a 37 °C por 24h. Resultados: Apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos para sorção e solubilidade. O grupo G4 apresentou menor grau de sorção com diferença estatística dos demais grupos (0,0000087). Os níveis de sorção, encontrados nos grupos G3 (0,0000313) e G1 (0,0000493), apresentam- -se estatisticamente semelhantes entre si e o G2 (0,0000573) foi estatisticamente semelhante ao G1(0,0000493). Quanto à solubilidade, G1 (0,0000107) apresentou o menor nível com diferença estatística em relação aos demais grupos. Os valores de solubilidade, em ordem crescente, foram verificados respectivamente nos grupos G4 (-0,0000213), G3 (-0,000064) e G2 (-0,0002693). Conclusões: 1. Materiais provisórios fotoativados apresentaram os menores resultados quanto à sorção de água; 2. Compostos à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol apresentaram o menor nível de solubilidade comparado com todos os outros materiais provisórios e 3 - compostos livres de eugenol de uso imediato obtiveram os maiores valores tanto de sorção quanto de solubilidade.

Objective: This study compared the sorption and solubility properties of temporary restorative materials used in endodontics. Material and method: 60 specimens were divided into four groups: G1-IRM® (Dentsply), G2-Coltosol® (Coltene), G3-Riva Light Cure® (SDI), G4 Clip F® ) and weighed after 24 hours in precision analytical balance scale. Afterwards, they were immersed in distilled water for 12 days and weighed again. They returned to the stove at 37 ° C for 24 hours. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the groups for sorption and solubility. The G4 group presented lower degree of sorption with statistical difference of the other groups (0.0000087). The sorption levels, found in groups G3 (0.0000313) and G1 (0.0000493), were statistically similar to each other and G2 (0.0000573) was statistically similar to G1 (0.0000493). Regarding solubility, G1 (0.0000107) presented the lowest level with statistical difference in relation to the other groups. The solubility values, in ascending order, were respectively verified in groups G4 (-0.0000213), G3 (-0.000064) and G2 (-0.0002693). Conclusion: 1. Temporary photoactivated materials presented the lowest results regarding sorption of water; 2. Compounds based on zinc oxide and eugenol showed the lowest level of solubility compared to all other provisional materials and 3. eugenolfree compounds of immediate use obtained the highest values of both sorption and solubility.

Tasa de uso de materiales e insumos dentales / Rate of use of dental materials and supplies

Objetivos: Determinar la tasa de uso de materiales dentales en procedimientos de operatoria dental, cirugía bucal, impresión dental, cementación dental, base cavitaria, prevención, cementación en endodoncia, cementación de bandas ortodónticas en la Clínica Odontológica de la Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador. Material y métodos: Se analizaron 31 materiales dentales y 7 insumos, en una clínica dental docente de Odontología en Ecuador. Se pesó el envase lleno, luego el envase vacío y se determinó la cantidad del peso real del producto en gramos, después se determinó el peso de cada porción y se calculó la tasa de uso (cantidad de porciones). Para los insumos se dividió la cantidad total de unidades entre el uso por intervención para hallar la tasa de uso, en ambos casos la tasa de uso sirvió para calcular el costo por unidad. Resultados: Las tasas de uso del componente líquido y del polvo del ionómero de restauración posterior son diferentes, superando uno al otro en una proporción de 2,04 a 1,00. Respecto a la silicona, el activador posee una tasa de 165; teniendo una proporción de 1,89 a 1,00 entre activador y silicona pesada. Conclusiones: La tasa de uso de materiales odontológicos ayudará a conocer el rendimiento exacto de los materiales que se emplearán para la práctica odontológica, y establecerán costos propios que van a variar dependiendo de la cantidad de materiales usados y calidad de servicio que brindemos.

Objectives: Determine the rate of use of dental materials in procedures of dental surgery, oral surgery, dental impression, dental cementation, cavitary base, provisional, prevention, cementation in endodontics, cementation of bands at the Dental Clinic of the Academic Unit of Health and Welfare from the Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador. Materials and methods: 31 dental materials and 7 supplies were analyzed in a dental dentistry teaching clinic in Ecuador. The filled container was weighed, then the empty container and the amount of the actual weight of the product in grams was determined, then the weight of each portion was determined and the usage rate (number of portions) was calculated. For the inputs, the total number of units was divided between the use by intervention to find the rate of use, in both cases the rate of use was used to calculate the cost per unit. Results: The rates of use of the liquid component and the dust of the posterior restoration ionomer are different, exceeding each other in a ratio of 2.04 to 1.00. Regarding the silicone, the activator has a rate of 165; having a ratio of 1.89 to 1.00 between activator and heavy silicone. Conclusions:The rate of use of dental materials will help to know the exact performance of the materials that will be used for dental practice, and will establish own costs that will vary from the quantity of materials used and quality of service that we provide.

A study of the esthetic outcomes of peri-implant soft tissue conditioning with provisional restorations and healing abutments / 口腔疾病防治

Implant restoration ; Provisional restoration ; Healing abutment ; Esthetic zone ; Esthetic outcomes@#To compare the esthetic outcomes of peri-implant soft tissue conditioning with provisional restorations and healing abutments.@*Methods @#A total of 48 patients missing a single tooth in the esthetic zone were chosen for the present study and divided into two groups. Twenty-six patients in Group A used provisional restorations to condition the peri-implant soft tissue before final restorations, while 22 patients in Group B used healing abutments to condition the soft tissue. All patients were evaluated by pink esthetic scores (PESs) at the time of the final restoration and at a 1-year follow-up. @*Results@#A total of 26 implants in Group A and 22 implants in Group B showed good peri-implant soft tissue condition. PESs at the time of the final restoration and at the 1-year follow-up in Group A were 8.18 and 8.35, respectively, and 6.73 and 8.18 in Group B, respectively. PESs at the time of final restoration and at the 1-year follow-up were not significantly different in Group A but were significantly different in Group B. The PESs of the two groups were significantly different at the final restoration but were not significantly different at the 1-year follow-up. @*Conclusions @#Provisional restoration in the esthetic zone can improve the pink esthetic effect when permanent restoration.