Psicólogas(os) no sistema educacional de Boa Vista/Roraima: concepções, práticas e desafios / Psychologists in the educational system of Boa Vista/Roraima: conceptions, practices and challenges / Psicólogas(os) en el sistema educativo de Boa Vista/Roraima: concepciones, prácticas y retos

O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é a atuação de psicólogas(os) no campo da educação básica. Tivemos como objetivo investigar as práticas de atuação e os desafios enfrentados pelas(os) psicólogas(os) que trabalham na educação em Boa Vista (RR), com intuito de conhecer a inserção desses profissionais no sistema educacional. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, orientada pelo referencial teórico-metodológico da Psicologia Escolar Crítica. Realizamos o processo de levantamento dos dados entre os meses de março e abril de 2018, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, audiogravadas e transcritas. Encontramos 21 psicólogas e um psicólogo trabalhando em instituições educacionais e de ensino na cidade; a maioria atuava na educação básica; metade dos entrevistados ingressou por concurso público e a outra metade era contratada e comissionada; poucos(as) foram contratados(as) como psicólogos(as) escolares. Para a análise, selecionamos dez psicólogas(os) com mais tempo no cargo. Quanto às práticas de atuação, identificamos que 60% atuavam na modalidade clínica e 40% na modalidade clínica e institucional. Como desafios, encontramos melhoria das condições de trabalho; estabelecimento de relações hierárquicas e a dificuldade de fazer compreender as especificidades desse campo de trabalho; necessidade na melhoria das condições para formação continuada; atuação da(o) psicóloga(o) escolar enquanto ação institucional. Diante do exposto, compreendemos ser necessária uma mudança de paradigma na atuação das(os) psicólogas(os) que trabalham na educação na região, e a apropriação das discussões da área, principalmente, aquelas apresentadas pela Psicologia Escolar Crítica, vez que esta contribui para uma atuação que leve em conta os determinantes sociais, políticos, culturais e pedagógicos que constituem o processo de escolarização.(AU)

This work has as object of study the role of psychologists in the field of Basic Education. We aimed to investigate practices and challenges faced by psychologists who work in education in Boa Vista/RR, to know the insertion of these professionals in the educational system. This is a qualitative research, guided by the theoretical-methodological framework of Critical School Psychology. The data collection process was carried out between March and April 2018, with semi-structured, audio-recorded, and transcribed interviews. We found 21 female psychologists and one male psychologist working in educational institutions in the municipality; most worked in Basic Education; half of the interviewees had applied to work as government employee and the other half were hired and commissioned; few were hired as school psychologists. To carry out the analysis, we selected ten psychologists with more time in the position. Regarding the practices, we have identified that 60% worked in the clinical modality and 40% in the clinical and institutional modality. As challenges, we find the improvement in working conditions; the establishment of hierarchical relationships and the difficulty of making the specificities of this field of work understood; the need to improve conditions for continuing education; the practice of the school psychologist as institutional action. In view of the above, we understand that a paradigm shift in the performance of psychologists working in education in that region is necessary, and the appropriation of discussions in the area, especially those presented by Critical School Psychology, contributes to an action that considers social, political, cultural, and pedagogical determinants that constitute the schooling process.(AU)

Este trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio la actuación profesional de las(os) psicólogas(os) en la educación básica. Su objetivo es investigar las prácticas y retos que enfrentan las(os) psicólogas(os) que trabajan en la educación en Boa Vista, en Roraima (Brasil), con la intención de conocer la inserción de estos profesionales en el sistema educativo. Esta es una investigación cualitativa que se guía por el marco teórico-metodológico de la Psicología Escolar Crítica. Se recopilaron los datos entre los meses de marzo y abril de 2018, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, grabadas en audio y después transcritas. Las 21 psicólogas y un psicólogo trabajan en instituciones educativas de la ciudad; la mayoría trabajaba en la educación básica; la mitad de los entrevistados ingresaron mediante concurso público y la otra mitad era contratada y de puesto comisionado; pocos fueron contratados como psicólogos escolares. Para el análisis, se seleccionaron diez psicólogas(os) con más tiempo en el cargo. Con respecto a las prácticas, el 60% trabajaba en la modalidad clínica; y el 40%, en la modalidad clínica e institucional. Los retos son mejora de las condiciones laborales; establecimiento de relaciones jerárquicas y dificultad para comprender las especificidades de este campo de trabajo; necesidad de mejorar las condiciones para la educación continua; y actuación dela (del) psicóloga(o) escolar como acción institucional. En vista de lo anterior, es necesario el cambio de paradigma en la práctica profesional de las(os) psicólogas(os) que trabajan en la educación de la región y la apropiación de las discusiones del área, especialmente las presentadas por la Psicología Escolar Crítica, que contribuye a una acción que tiene en cuenta los determinantes sociales, políticos, culturales y pedagógicos que constituyen el proceso de escolarización.(AU)

Modelo explicativo del autocuidado, la regulación emocional y el burnout en psicólogas en condición de aislamiento por COVID-19 / Explanatory model of self-care, emotional regulation and burnout in psychologists in isolation due to COVID-19

Resumen Los efectos negativos en la salud mental de la población mundial derivados de la pandemia por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) han incrementado la demanda de los servicios de atención psicológica. Por ello resulta importante estudiar también el bienestar emocional de este grupo de profesionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los procesos de autorregulación emocional y autocuidado como factores protectores frente a la presencia del burnout en un grupo de psicólogas mexicanas. Para esto, se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo transversal con alcance explicativo, en una muestra por voluntarios de 226 psicólogas con trabajo clínico. Los datos se recolectaron en formato electrónico, y para su obtención se aplicó la Escala de Conductas de Autocuidado para Psicólogos Clínicos (APC), el Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional (ERQ) y el Inventario Maslach de Burnout (MBI-HS). Para el análisis, se obtuvieron estadísticos descriptivos para cada una de las escalas y subes-calas, se estimaron coeficientes de correlación de Pearson, se ajustaron modelos de regresión lineal simple y múltiple para las subescalas del MBI-HS, y se ajustó un modelo de senderos mediante el método GLS. Los resultados indican un bajo nivel de burnout, que se asocia al autocuidado como factor protector frente al agotamiento emocional, a la realización personal, a un mayor uso de la supresión emocional como estrategia de autorregulación, y a la reevaluación cognitiva como factor protector ante la despersonalización. El estudio subraya la importancia fomentar el uso de conductas de autocuidado para disponer del mayor número de psicólogas en las mejores condiciones posibles para hacer frente a los efectos a largo plazo de la pandemia por COVID-19.

Abstract The negative effects on the mental health of the world's population from the 2019 coronavirus pandemic has increased the demand for psychological care services, which is why it is important to study the emotional well-being of this group of professionals. The objective of the study was to analyze the processes of emotional self-regulation and self-care as protective factors against the presence of burnout in a group of Mexican psychologists. To this end, a cross-sectional quantitative design with explanatory scopes was used. An intentional sample of 226 female psychologists who were conducting clinical work was used. Data were collected by means of an electronic format. The Clinical Psychologist Self-Care Conduct Scale (EAP), the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Burnout Maslach Inventory (MBI) were applied. Descriptive statistics were obtained for each of the scales and subscales; Pearson correlation coefficients were estimated, and single and multiple linear regression models were adjusted for the MBI subscales. A path analysis was later adjusted using the GLS method. The results indicated a low level of burnout, demonstrating self-care as a protective factor against emotional exhaustion; personal fulfillment and increased use of emotional suppression, as a self-regulation strategy, and cognitive reevaluation, as a protective factor against depersonalization. The study underlines the importance of encouraging the use of self-care behaviors to have as many psychologists as possible in the best possible conditions to cope with the long-term effects of the pandemic.

"Eu quero uma psicóloga preta": prática clínica, racialização e identificações no contemporâneo / "I want a black psychologist": clinical practice, racialization, and identifications in the contemporary / "Quiero una psicóloga negra": práctica clínica, racialización e identificaciones en la contemporánea

Neste artigo, analisamos a relação entre psicólogas pretas e pacientes pretas, considerando questões como a representatividade negra no campo da clínica, o racismo estrutural na formação e campo profissional e as identificações entre pacientes e profissionais psi, pautando a potência da coletividade preta na psicologia. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis psicólogas clínicas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Suas falas foram analisadas a partir do referencial feminista interseccional e dos estudos de relações raciais. A análise das entrevistas aponta o aumento da procura, por parte de pessoas pretas, por psicólogas pretas, principalmente por não sentirem acolhimento e escuta qualificada de questões relacionadas ao racismo em seus atendimentos com profissionais brancos.

In this article, we analyse the relationship between Black psychologists and Black patients, considering issues such as black representation in the clinical field, structural racism in training and professional field and the identifications between patients and psychologists, focusing on the power of black collectivity in psychology. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six female clinical psychologists from the city of Rio de Janeiro. Their speeches were analysed based on intersectional feminist and race studies. The analysis of the interviews points out the increase in demand, by Black people, for Black psychologists, mainly because they do not feel welcome and do not find qualified listening to issues related to racism in their treatments with white professionals.

En este artículo, analizamos la relación entre los psicólogos negros y los pacientes negros, considerando cuestiones como la representación negra en el campo clínico, el racismo estructural en la formación y en el campo profesional y las identificaciones entre pacientes y profesionales psi, centrándonos en el poder de la colectividad negra en la psicología. Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a seis psicólogos clínicos de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Sus discursos fueron analizados desde el referencial feminista interseccional y los estudios de relaciones raciales. El análisis de las entrevistas señala el aumento de la demanda, por parte de las personas negras, de psicólogos negros, principalmente porque no se sienten bienvenidos y cualificados al escuchar cuestiones relacionadas con el racismo en sus citas con profesionales blancos.

Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica de las psicólogas en Perú / Bibliometric analysis of the scientific production of women psychologists in Peru

Resumen La inequidad de género no es ajena a la ciencia, en la que la infrarrepresentación de la mujer en el ámbito académico resulta preocupante. Es una problemática que requiere un estudio profundo, en especial en carreras con altos porcentajes de mujeres como psicología y en regiones como Latinoamérica donde existe una considerable proporción de psicólogas científicas. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar la producción de investigadoras en psicología por tipo de investigación, área de aplicación, liderazgo y temática. Se analizaron un total de 149 artículos publicados por 14 investigadoras que se encuentran en el Registro Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y de Innovación Tecnológica de Perú (RENACYT). Se excluyeron cuatro psicólogas por no contar con producción científica declarada y documentos repetidos, que no correspondían con un documento científico como resúmenes de congresos, artículos en revistas no indizadas y artículos inubicables en alguna base de datos; todo esto fue hecho siguiendo las recomendaciones de PRISMA. Los resultados señalan una mayor cantidad de coautorías (60.4 %), estudios con diseños empíricos (79.2 %), de objetivo asociativo (36.2 %), estrategia correlacional (21.5 %) y una mayor cantidad de artículos en el subcampo clínico y de la salud (38.9 %), así como en el educativo (38.3 %). Con respecto a la temática, aparecen con mayor frecuencia trastornos clínicos (23.5 %) y procesos cognitivos (16.8 %). Se concluye que las psicólogas investigadoras peruanas realizan estudios empíricos con un menor predominio de estudios teóricos manipulativos, cuasi experimentales o caso único y en mayor medida estudios en el área clínica y de la salud con predominio en trastornos clínicos.

Abstract Gender inequality has not been oblivious to science, where the under-representation of women in the academic scope is a concern. This is a problem that requires in-depth study, especially in careers with high percentages of women such as psychology and regions such as Latin America where there is a considerable proportion of female scientific psychologists. Despite this scene, the feminine production is known to present an increase; however, it is still lower than the masculine one. This shows that women are under-represented in leadership positions, hiring and applying for grants, and financing of research projects in public health and epidemiology. Likewise, review studies on female production in psychology are scarce in Peru and Latin America. The objective of this research is to characterize the production of women researchers in psychology by type of research, area of application, leadership and subject matter. For such objectives, a total of 149 papers published by 14 women researchers recorded in Peru's National Registry of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation (RENACYT) were analyzed. Four psychologists were excluded because they did not have their scientific production declared; in addition, repeated documents and those which did not correspond to scientific documents, such as congress summaries, papers in non-indexed journals and those excluded from any database were also excluded under the PRISMA's recommendations. The results show a greater quantity of co-authorships (60.4 %), studies with empirical designs (79.2 %), of associative objective (36.2 %), correlational strategy (21.5 %) and a greater quantity of papers in the clinical and health subfield (38.9 %) and education (38.3 %). As for the subject matter, clinical disorders (23.5 %) and cognitive processes (16.8 %) appear with greater frequency. Regarding these findings, there is scientific information evidencing that empirical designs are the most usual form of research, while the theoretical ones are the opposite; at least in Latin American. Furthermore, a ranking of the 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century only includes two women: Mary Ainsworth and Anna Freud, ranked 98th and 100th respectively. As for the fact of finding that more than 50 % of researchers occupy the position of co-author, previous studies show similar percentages in the health field indicating an increase from 50.3 % to 55.6 % in co-authorship. Finally, there is little scientific literature about the frequent topics studied by psychologists; therefore, these results are unprecedented; however, a search in Scopus by keywords reveals that HIV is the most studied topic in Peru; a variable located in the clinical and health subfield. Likewise, another variable that appears in the search is depression, that can be included in the topic of clinical disorders. Despite these results, the study has the following limitations: firstly, feminine scientific production can be studied from diverse sources such as review of publications in a journal, presentations at a congress, production in Scopus, which can cause difficulties in contrasting results. Secondly, there are no studies on thematic analysis, which does not allow comparison with previous research and suggests taking the findings with caution because it has a more exploratory connotation, so it is recommended to continue with this type of study. In conclusion, research psychologists carry out empirical studies framed in the analysis of the relationship between variables with a lesser predominance of theoretical and manipulative, quasi-experimental or single case studies. To a greater extent, the research is clinical and based on health. The women appear as co-authors in a large percentage of studies where the most frequent subject is clinical disorder.

A permanência de mulheres em situações de violência: considerações de psicólogas / The permanence of women in situations of violence: considerations for psychologists

O objetivo desse artigo é identificar o que pensam psicólogas que atendem ou atenderam mulheres em situação de violência doméstica/conjugal, e as motivações para a permanência de algumas delas nessas situações. A proposta metodológica é um estudo qualitativo, utilizando-se entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam como motivação para as mulheres permanecerem em situação de violência: a força do patriarcado; as marcas identitárias do amor romântico e os ganhos secundários das mulheres na experiência vivida. Esses resultados confirmam em parte estudos anteriores, porém, algo novo se destaca. Ao contrário do que apresentam alguns estudos, as psicólogas consideram a determinação sociocultural do fenômeno da violência contra as mulheres na construção do sofrimento psíquico e da intervenção proposta...

The aim of this paper is to identify what psychologists think who attend women in situations of domestic /marital violence, about the reasons for the persistence of some of the women in these situations.In this study qualitative research methods were used including semi-structured interviews and content analysis.The results show the following motivations for women to stay in violent situations: the strength of patriarchy; the identifying marks of romantic loveand secondary gains of women in the lived experience. These results partially confirm previous studies, but something new stands out. In contrast to what some studies have pointed out,psychologists consider the determination of the sociocultural phenomenon of violence against women in the construction of psychological distress and the proposed intervention...