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1.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 47(2): e073, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449618

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Introdução: O presente ensaio é baseado na experiência de ensino do Programa de Psiquiatria Social e Cultural da Universidade de São Paulo (ProSol)e em fundamentações teóricas do campo da psiquiatria cultural. Desenvolvimento: Neste ensaio, destaca-se a importância do ensino em psiquiatria cultural para a formação de residentes na psiquiatria. A psiquiatria brasileira, ao longo de sua história, ficou marcada pela absorção dos conhecimentos advindos dos países desenvolvidos com pouca preocupação com a realidade brasileira. O ensino dos aspectos culturais, dentro da psiquiatria, possibilita reativar a importância da realidade e especificidade brasileiras para o ensino dos residentes. Conclusão: A tese central deste ensaio é que o ensino de psiquiatria cultural é uma forma de decolonização do ensino, na medida em que torna os psiquiatras mais aptos para enfrentar os vários cenários clínicos de um país diverso e cheio de contradições como o Brasil.


Abstract: Introduction: This essay is based on the teaching experience of theTranscultural Psychiatry Program at the University of São Paulo (ProSol,Programa de Psiquiatria Transcultural da Universidade de São Paulo) and on theoretical foundations in the field of cultural psychiatry. Objective: To highlight the importance of teaching cultural psychiatry for the training of psychiatry residents. Results: Brazilian psychiatry, throughout its history, was marked by the incorporation of knowledge from developed countries with little concern for the Brazilian reality. The teaching of cultural aspects, in the psychiatric field, makes it possible to reactivate the importance of Brazilian reality and specificity for the teaching of residents. Conclusion: The central thesis of this essay is that the teaching of cultural psychiatry is a form of decolonization of teaching, insofar as it makes psychiatrists more apt to face the different clinical scenarios in a diverse country full of contradictions such as Brazil.

2.
Salud ment ; 41(1): 39-48, Jan.-Feb. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-962429

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Background: Although Cultural Psychiatry (CP) has emerged as a significant discipline and body of knowledge in recent decades, it finds itself in a current intense debate about its identity, its contributions, and its future. Objective: To examine conflictive areas of historical, epistemological, clinical, educational, and research interest in the present and future development of CP. Method: A narrative review of outstanding sources, articles, and textbooks on CP that reflect its current vicissitudes; for each area, adequate quotations of Cervantes' Don Quixote and Shakespeare's Hamlet are used. Results: In addition to updating definitions and content, discussions about whether CP is a psychiatric subspecialty, the scope of its diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic applications, evaluation of criticisms and strengths, interactions with other disciplines, as well as reflective speculations about its future, are outlined. Discussion and conclusion: CP is considered the receptacle of many disciplines, the last bastion of humanistic medicine in a globalized world, although its development will always be marked by scholarly debates about contexts, meanings, identities, and competencies regarding its ontological and epistemological components.


Resumen: Antecedentes: La Psiquiatría Cultural (PC) es una disciplina y cuerpo de conocimiento de creciente significación en décadas recientes que, sin embargo, es actualmente materia de un debate intenso acerca de su identidad, sus contribuciones y su futuro. Objetivo: Se examinan áreas de conflicto en aspectos históricos, epistemológicos, clínicos, educacionales y de investigación. Método: Revisión narrativa de fuentes relevantes, artículos y textos que reflejan las actuales vicisitudes de la PC; se utilizan citas referenciales apropiadas de Don Quijote, de Cervantes, y Hamlet, de Shakespeare, en tanto que perspectivas opuestas y/o complementarias. Resultados: Además de actualizaciones de definición y contenidos, se discute si la PC es una subespecialidad psiquiátrica, y se revisan sus aplicaciones diagnósticas, clínicas y terapéuticas; sus críticas y méritos; su interacción con otras disciplinas y reflexiones en torno a su futuro. Discusión y conclusión: La PC es el receptáculo de muchas disciplinas, el último bastión de una medicina humanística en un mundo globalizado, pero su futuro estará marcado siempre por debates académicos acerca del contexto, los significados, las identidades y las competencias respecto a sus componentes ontológicos y epistemológicos.

3.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 23(5): 511-518, sept. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1146494

ABSTRACT

La historia de la psiquiatría latinoamericana incorpora realidades culturales y epistemológicas que, en buena medida, han contribuido a la forja de una identidad de nuestra disciplina, aun sujeta sin embargo, al influjo de factores diversos, más aún en esta etapa de globalización y gigantescos cambios tecnológicos. El artículo examina las características del entorno latinoamericano y expone una secuencia histórica en la conceptualización de enfermedad mental, su diagnóstico y manejo desde la era precolombina hasta los albores del presente siglo. Se analizan y discuten las características distintivas de la identidad actual de la psiquiatría latinoamericana, los factores en juego para su búsqueda y su enunciado pleno, proceso complejo al que sin embargo debe aspirarse con tenacidad, objetividad y realismo.


The history of Latin American psychiatry incorporates cultural and epistemological realities that, in a good measure, have contributed to the formation of an identity still subjected, however, to the influence of different factors, even more so in this period of globalization and overwhelming technological changes. This article examines the unique characteristics of the Latin American continent and presents a historical sequence in the conceptualization of mental illness, its diagnosis and management from Pre-Columbian times to the dawn of the current Century. Distinctive characteristics of the current identity of Latin American psychiatry, and factors at play in its search and total understanding, are discussed. This is a complex process to which, however, is important to aspire with tenacity, objectivity and realism.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Psychiatry/history , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Social Identification , Mental Health , Latin America
4.
Saúde Soc ; 18(4): 590-608, out.-dez. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-534225

ABSTRACT

Este artigo foca o tema controverso das biopolíticas da depressão em imigrantes, em particular nos originários da África sub-sahariana. Os sintomas depressivos, ligados à ansiedade, são identificados também pela nova e mais importante patologia mental dos imigrantes: a Síndroma de Ulisses, de stress múltiplo e crónico, já definido como "o mal do século vinte e um", e que atinge principalmente os africanos. Não só entre estes imigrantes mas também em África, segundo um estudo conduzido pela OMS, a depressão tornou-se uma das principais patologias mentais. O tratamento farmacológico do sofrimento, entendido como fenómeno orgânico, é considerado o único caminho possível, silenciando os processos históricos, políticos e socioeconómicos que lhe estão na base. A atenção é portanto focada na saúde mental do indivíduo, desviando-a de problemas sociais de difícil resolução, que necessitariam de respostas económicas e políticas.


The following article focuses on the controversial issue of the biopolitics of depression in immigrants, especially those originating from Sub-Saharan Africa. Depressive symptoms connected with anxiety are predicted by the new and major mental pathology of the immigrants: the Ulysses Syndrome, a condition of multiple and chronic stress, already defined as the "twenty-first century's affliction", which affects mainly Africans. Depression has become one of the predominant mental disorders not only among African immigrants but in Africa itself, according to research conducted by the WHO. Pharmaceutical treatment of suffering, understood as an organic phenomenon, is considered the only possible route, suppressing the historical, political and socio-economic processes which remain at its foundation. So, the attention placed on the subject's mental health is being diverted from complicated social problems which would require economic and political responses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety Disorders , Stress, Psychological , Ethnicity , Mental Health , Depression , Emigrants and Immigrants
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