ABSTRACT
Resumen. Objetivo. Analizar la eficacia del personal voluntario y profesional que asiste en emergencias (Bomberos Voluntarios, Defensa Civil, Cruz Roja) en un programa de entrenamiento en la Primera Ayuda Psicológica y su relación con indicadores de empatía y estrategias de afrontamiento. Método. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, comparativo correlacional, con una muestra de 198 voluntarios que pertenecen a instituciones que intervienen en emergencias. Se utilizó un programa de simulación sobre respuestas a víctimas de catástrofes (Sistema Interactivo de Primera Ayuda Psicológica y el Inventario de Valoración y Afrontamiento). Resultados. Los voluntarios que expresan que manejan mejor una situación estresante lograban un rendimiento más eficaz en el programa de simulación. La valoración del contexto como amenazante o indiferente, perjudicaba la ejecución del protocolo de PAP propuesto en la ejercitación mediante software.
Abstract. Objective. To analyze the effectiveness of volunteer and professional personnel who assist in emergencies (Volunteer Firefighters, Civil Defense, Red Cross) in a Psychological First Aid training program and its relationship with indicators of empathy and coping strategies. Method. A quantitative, comparative, and co-relational study was carried out with a sample of 198 volunteers belonging to institutions that intervene in emergencies. A simulation program on responses to victims of catastrophes was used, Interactive System in Psychological First Aid and the Coping Strategies Inventory. Results. Volunteers, who state that handle better stressful situations, achieve a more effective performance in the simulation program. The assessment of the context as threatening or indifferent impaired the execution of the proposed PFA protocol using software.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Volunteers/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Emergency Responders , Argentina , Inservice TrainingABSTRACT
The past three severe nuclear power plant accidents showed that the social psychological impact on the public is the most serious consequence of severe nuclear power plant accidents. When a severe nuclear power plant accident occurs, individuals / groups in the affected area may experience various stress reactions. Timely and effective psychological first-aid can help the victims to survive the crisis effectively and actively respond to the current life. Referring to the World Health Organization guide psychological first aid: guide for field workerand other national guidance, this paper introduces how emergency rescue personnel carry out emergency psychological assistance in case of severe nuclear accident.
ABSTRACT
La empatía constituye un predictor del comportamiento socialmente responsable (Castejón Costa, 2016, Anué, Abal y Attorresi, 2016), que incluye factores cognitivos y emocionales (Mestre Escrivá, Navarro y García, 2004) cobrando interés en relación al perfil de voluntarios en Primera Ayuda Psicológica (Montero, 2014; Moreto, Blasco y Piñero 2017). Se aborda la asociación entre la empatía (reactividad interpersonal) y la eficacia en el entrenamiento para Primera Ayuda Psicológica (PAP). Metodología: estudio descriptivo, correlacional, comparativo, transversal en 139 voluntarios. Resultados: se encontraron asociaciones significativas (p_valor<0.05) entre las dimensiones de empatía, el género, la edad y la experiencia previa. La eficacia en el entrenamiento presentó relación con el género, la edad y la capacitación. La empatía funciona como moduladora entre el perfil del voluntario y su eficacia en la aplicación de PAP.
Empathy is a predictor of the social responsible behaviour (Castejón Costa, 2016; Anué, Abal & Attorresi, 2016). It's analyzed in relation with the professional profile of the volunteers (Montero, 2014; Moreto, Blasco & Piñero 2017) from a multidimensional perspective that includes cognitive and emotional factors (Escrivá, Navarro & García, 2004). It is analyzed the association between empathy, understood as interpersonal reactivity and to the efficacy in the training for Psychological First Aid (PFA). Methodology: descriptive, correlacional and comparative study of transversal cut in 139 volunteers. Results: there were found significative associations (p_value<0.05) among the dimensions of Interpersonal Reactivity, the gender, age and previous experience. At the same time, the efficacy in the training programme showed relation with the gender, age and training. The analyses by group allow to see that the empathy `dimensions function as modulators in the volunteer ´profile and its efficacy in the application of PFA.
Subject(s)
Humans , Volunteers , Empathy , Disaster Victims , Mental Health AssistanceABSTRACT
Objective To explore the influence of psychological first aid training on cognitive appraisal of sudden events in medical students.Methods A medical university undergraduate students were selected and divided into the training group(n=42) and the control group(n=53).The former was treated with 20 hours short-term targeted psychological first aid,and the latter was treated as blank control.The SAM and LMSQ were adopted to measure students' cognitive appraisal before and after the training.Results After the training,the training group gained significant differences (P＜ 0.05) in threat (11.95 ±3.17) vs (10.45±2.48)(t=2.426,P=0.020),challenge (12.64t2.84) vs (14.40±1.95)(t=-3.304,P=0.002),controllable-by-self (13.05±3.15) vs (14.93±2.00) (t=-3.240,P=0.002),controllable-by-others (12.40±3.10) vs (14.52±2.52) (t=-3.553,P=0.001),stressfulness (13.26±2.69) vs (12.00±1.96) (t=2.592,P=0.013) of SAM,and Physical threat ((23.88±7.59) vs (19.76±4.82),t=3.057,P=0.004) of LMSQ compared with before training.Other factors had no significant difference(P＞0.05).Compared with two groups,the training group gained significant increase(P＜0.05) on the score differences for SAM factors (challenge (t=-2.466,P=0.016),controllable-by-self (t=-2.557,P=0.012),controllable-by-others (t=-2.800,P=0.006)) than the control group,and significant reduction (P＜0.05) in physical threat (t=-2.308,P=0.023) of LMSQ.Conclusion Short-term targeted psychological first aid training has certain effects on changing cognitive appraisal about sudden events for medical students.
ABSTRACT
El presente artículo expone algunos de los conceptos que sobre las estrategias de atención posterior a desastres que han sido publicadas en los últimos 5 años en PsicoRedalyc y APA PsyArticles. De la revisión se destaca el hecho de que en habla hispana las publicaciones son mínimas en contraste con las más de 100 catástrofes ocurridas entre 2001 y 2010. Se presentan también modelos sistematizados sobre la experiencia de catástrofes ocurridas alrededor del mundo y de las que se han generado diferentes guías para la asistencia de los profesionales en salud mental a las víctimas. Se distingue una tendencia en la aplicación de técnicas propias de las terapias cognitivo-conductuales y un interés en la prevención del Trastorno de Estrés Post Traumático.
This article describes some of the concepts of care strategies after disasters that have been published over the past 5 years in PsicoRedalyc and APA PsyArticles. From the review highlights the fact that Hispanic publications are minimal in contrast to the more than 100 disasters occurred between 2001 and 2010. Systematized models are also presented on the experience of disasters occurring around the world and which have generated different guidelines for the care of mental health professionals to victims. It distinguishes a trend in the application of techniques of cognitive-behavioral therapy and an interest in the prevention of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.