Beneficios psicológicos de la práctica de la esgrima en edades tempranas, en la provincia de Artemisa

El deporte es un fenómeno social de gran interés público que tiene un importante papel en el bienestar físico-mental, en el crecimiento y en el desarrollo integral de las personas. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los beneficios psicológicos de la práctica de la esgrima en edades tempranas, en la provincia de Artemisa. Se utilizaron métodos de investigación teóricos como el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético e inducción-deducción y empíricos como la entrevista que permitió conocer la opinión especializada en la práctica de la esgrima en Artemisa; el análisis de documentos para explorar el contenido de los documentos normativos que rigen la esgrima y la medición aplicada en los test de concentración de la atención de Tolouse-Pierón y el test de rapidez de pensamiento de Torrance para medir particularidades individuales del pensamiento. Se efectuó, además, una consulta a especialistas para resaltar la importancia y beneficios psicológicos de la esgrima. La muestra estuvo representada por diez niños de nueve años, de la Escuela Primaria "Gabino Labrador" ubicada en el municipio San Cristóbal, se seleccionaron de manera intencional cinco niños que llevaban dos años en la práctica de la esgrima y cinco que no. Los resultados demostraron que los niños practicantes tuvieron un mayor desarrollo de las variables analizadas, ello confirmó los beneficios psicológicos que propicia la práctica de este deporte en edades tempranas.

O esporte é um fenômeno social de grande interesse público que desempenha um papel importante no bem-estar físico-mental, no crescimento e no desenvolvimento integral das pessoas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os benefícios psicológicos da esgrima em uma idade precoce na província de Artemisa. Foram utilizados métodos teóricos de pesquisa, como os métodos histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético e de indução-dedução, bem como métodos empíricos, como a entrevista, que nos permitiu conhecer a opinião especializada sobre a prática da esgrima em Artemisa; a análise de documentos para explorar o conteúdo dos documentos normativos que regem a esgrima e a medição aplicada no teste de concentração de atenção de Tolouse-Pieron e no teste de velocidade de pensamento de Torrance para medir as particularidades individuais do pensamento. Além disso, foram consultados especialistas para destacar a importância e os benefícios psicológicos da esgrima. A amostra consistiu em dez crianças de nove anos de idade da Escola Primária "Gabino Labrador", no município de San Cristóbal, cinco crianças que praticavam esgrima há dois anos e cinco que não praticavam. Os resultados mostraram que as crianças que praticaram esgrima tiveram um maior desenvolvimento das variáveis analisadas, o que confirmou os benefícios psicológicos da prática desse esporte em idade precoce.

Sport is a social phenomenon of great public interest that has an important role in the physical-mental well-being, growth and comprehensive development of people. The present study had as objective to analyze the psychological benefits of practicing fencing at an early age, in the province of Artemisa. Theoretical research methods such as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and induction-deduction were used, as well as the empirical ones as the interview that allowed to know the specialized opinion on the practice of fencing in Artemisa; the analysis of documents to explore the content of the normative documents that govern fencing and the measurement applied in the Tolouse-Pieron attention concentration test and the Torrance quick thinking test to measure individual particularities of thinking. A consultation with specialists was also carried out to highlight the importance and psychological benefits of fencing. The sample was represented by ten nine-year-old children from the "Gabino Labrador" Primary School located in the San Cristóbal municipality. Five children who had been practicing fencing for two years and five who had not were intentionally selected. The results showed that the practitioners had a greater development of the variables analyzed, this confirmed the psychological benefits that practicing this sport at an early age provides.

Benefícios psicológicos do slackline: relação entre estado de fluxo, tempo de prática e qualidade de vida / Psychological benefits of slackline: relationship between flow state, time of practice and quality of life / Beneficios psicológicos del slackline: relación entre estado de flujo, tiempo de práctica y calidad de vida

Esse estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar e mensurar o nível de estado de fluxo de praticantes de slackline e relacioná-lo com a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Foram avaliados 30 sujeitos com idade média de 22 (±3) anos. Os instrumentos utilizados: Ficha de identificação; Flow State Scale-2 (FSS-2), Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (DFS-20) e World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQoL-BREF). Para verificar a correlação entre os instrumentos utilizou-se o coeficiente de Spearman, no qual foi possível observar elevados níveis de estado de fluxo e qualidade de vida geral. Foi encontrada correlação significativa entre o fator psicológico da qualidade de vida com a disposição para atingir o fluxo juntamente com o tempo de prática e duração da sessão de treino. Concluímos que a prática do slackline possibilita o desenvolvimento de aspectos psicológicos, como o estado de fluxo e com isso possibilita a melhora na qualidade de vida de seus praticantes.

This study aimed to assess the level of Flow State of slackline practitioners and to relate it to the their quality of life. We evaluated 30 subjects with mean age of 22 (± 3) years. The instruments used: Identification sheet; Flow State Scale-2 (FSS-2), Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (DFS-20) and World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQoL-BREF). To verify the correlation between the instruments the Spearman coefficient was used, in which it was possible to observe high levels of Flow State and general quality of life. A significant correlation was found between the psychological quality of life factor and the disposition to reach the Flow along with the practice time and duration of the training session. We conclude that the practice of slackline allows the development of psychological aspects, such as the Flow State and with that allows the improvement in the quality of life of its practitioners.

Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de evaluar el nivel de Estado de Flujo de practicantes de slackline y relacionarlo con la calidad de vida de los individuos. Se evaluaron 30 sujetos con edad media de 22 (± 3) años. Los instrumentos utilizados: Ficha de identificación; Flow State Scale-2 (FSS-2), Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (DFS-20) e World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQoL-BREF). Para verificar la correlación entre los instrumentos se utilizó el coeficiente de Spearman, en el cual fue posible observar elevados niveles de Estado de Flujo y calidad de vida general. Se encontró correlación significativa entre el factor psicológico de la calidad de vida con la disposición para alcanzar el Flujo junto con el tiempo de práctica. Concluimos que la práctica del slackline posibilita el desarrollo de aspectos psicológicos, como el Estado de Flujo y con ello posibilita la mejora en la calidad de vida de sus practicantes.

Actividad física recreativa en niños y adolescentes: situación actual, indicaciones y beneficios / Recreational physical activity in children and adolescents: current situation, indications and benefits

Actividad física se considera a cualquier movimiento corporal producido por los músculos esqueléticos, con el consiguiente consumo de energía. Los niños que hacen actividad física logran beneficios en diversos aspectos: condición física, psicológica, social, desarrollo de hábitos saludables, mejora en la calidad de vida adulta. Esta actividad física debe ser voluntaria, desarrollada en los tiempos libres, y generar placer y alegría, lo que contribuirá a la salud física y psicológica. Favorece la creatividad y las relaciones sociales y de comunicación. Promueve la educación en hábitos saludables para la vida adulta. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud la actividad física es un pilar para combatir el flagelo de la obesidad y el sobrepeso, y una herramienta para disminuir el sedentarismo mundial de aquí al 2030. (AU)

Physical activity is considered as any body movement produced by skeletal muscles, which consumes energy. Children who do physical activity achieve benefits in various aspects: physical, psychological, social condition, develop of healthy habits, improvement of quality in adult life. Physical activity must be voluntary, developed in leisure time, and shall generate pleasure and joy. This way physical activity contributes with physical and psychological health. It also promotes creativity as much as sociable and communicational relationships. At the same time, physical activity encourages, promotes the education in healthy habits for adult life. According to the World Health Organization, physical activity is a pillar to combat the scourge of obesity and the overweight. It is a tool to reduce world sedentary lifestyle by 2030. (AU)

La justificación del sistema: aportes para la construcción de un diálogo interdisciplinario / The system justification: contributions for the construction of an interdisciplinary dialogue

La teoría de la justificación del sistema señala que los individuos justifican y racionalizan los sistemas sociales a los que pertenecen, de manera que las decisiones políticas, sociales y económicas tienden a ser percibidas como justas y legítimas aunque estas los afecten y perjudiquen (Jost & Banaji, 1994). Este fenómeno ha sido estudiado principalmente desde la sociología con una perspectiva marxista, dando cuenta de cómo los grupos dominantes difunden ideas que justifican y mantienen las jerarquías sociales que promueven la desigualdad en la sociedad (Marx & Engels, 1846/1991). Desde esta perspectiva, los grupos dominados se encontrarían alienados, sin saber de la dominación de la que son objeto, dado que la toma de conciencia de su condición los llevaría a rebelarse (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). Si bien esta perspectiva ha gozado de un amplio consenso (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999), Jost (2007), desde la psicología política, la considera incompleta dado que la aceptación de ideas que justifican y mantienen las jerarquías sociales no necesariamente es una actividad consciente, realizada de forma activa y deliberada, sino que la misma puede ser producto de los beneficios psicológicos que ofrece al individuo, como la percepción de un mundo ordenado y controlable facilitando una reducción de la ansiedad (Jost & Hunyady, 2002). El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las diferencias teóricos conceptuales entre ambas perspectivas con el fin de generar aportes para la construcción de un diálogo interdisciplinario.

The system justification theory states that individuals justify and rationalize the social systems to which they belong, so that the political, economic and social decission tend to be perceived as fair and legitimate although these may affect them and damaging (Jost & Banaji, 1994). This phenomenon has been studied mainly from a sociological approach with a marxist perspective, realizing how dominant groups disseminate ideas that justify and maintain social hierarchies that promote inequality in society (Marx & Engels, 1846/1991). From this perspective, the dominated groups would ind themselves alienated, unaware of domination of which they are subject, as awareness of their condition would lead to revolt (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). While this perspective has enjoyed a wide consensus (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999), Jost (2007), from political psychology approach, considered incomplete since the acceptance of ideas that justify and maintain social hierarchies is not necessarily a conscious activity, conducted actively and deliberate, but rather it may be the result of the psychological benefits offered by the individual, as the perception of an ordered and controllable facilitating a reduction in anxiety (Jost & Hunyady, 2002).The aim of this paper is to analyze the theoretical and conceptual differences between the two perspectives in order to generate contributions for the construction of an interdisciplinary dialogue.

Preliminary Study on the Physical and Psychological Effects of Traditional Japanese Massage Therapy in Cancer Survivors / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Objective: The aim of this preliminary study was to assess whether traditional Japanese massage therapy confers benefits to body and mind not only in healthy women but also cancer survivors. Design: A case control study Settings/Location: Tsukuba University of Technology, Ibaraki, Japan Subjects: Five women who underwent surgery for uterine cervical or endometrial cancer (stage 1a1-2a; cancer survivors group) and five healthy women of the same generation (healthy women group) were recruited. All had chronic muscle stiffness of the neck and shoulder and wanted to receive massage therapy. Interventions: All participants received traditional Japanese massage therapy consisting of eight 40-min massage sessions over 4 weeks. Outcome Measures: Visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess the severity of the subjective symptom of muscle stiffness in the neck and shoulder; salivary cortisol, secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA), and chromogranin A (CgA) from saliva; state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression. Results: Regarding immediate changes in variables by therapy, there were significant differences between the cancer survivors group and the healthy women group in VAS, s-IgA, and CgA. VAS, salivary cortisol, and state anxiety scores decreased, and s-IgA and CgA increased in both groups. After the four weeks of sessions, there were significant differences between the cancer survivors group and the healthy women group in VAS, CgA, and depression. VAS, trait anxiety, and depression scores decreased in both groups. Conclusions: These results imply that traditional Japanese massage therapy may confer physical and psychological benefits to cancer survivors as well as to healthy women. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed.

Preliminary Study on the Physical and Psychological Effects of Traditional Japanese Massage Therapy in Cancer Survivors / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

<B>Objective: </B>The aim of this preliminary study was to assess whether traditional Japanese massage therapy confers benefits to body and mind not only in healthy women but also cancer survivors.<BR><B>Design: </B>A case control study<BR><B>Settings/Location:</B> Tsukuba University of Technology, Ibaraki, Japan<BR><B>Subjects: </B>Five women who underwent surgery for uterine cervical or endometrial cancer (stage 1a1-2a; cancer survivors group) and five healthy women of the same generation (healthy women group) were recruited. All had chronic muscle stiffness of the neck and shoulder and wanted to receive massage therapy.<BR><B>Interventions: </B>All participants received traditional Japanese massage therapy consisting of eight 40-min massage sessions over 4 weeks.<BR><B>Outcome Measures: </B>Visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess the severity of the subjective symptom of muscle stiffness in the neck and shoulder; salivary cortisol, secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA), and chromogranin A (CgA) from saliva; state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression.<BR><B>Results: </B>Regarding immediate changes in variables by therapy, there were significant differences between the cancer survivors group and the healthy women group in VAS, s-IgA, and CgA. VAS, salivary cortisol, and state anxiety scores decreased, and s-IgA and CgA increased in both groups. After the four weeks of sessions, there were significant differences between the cancer survivors group and the healthy women group in VAS, CgA, and depression. VAS, trait anxiety, and depression scores decreased in both groups.<BR><B>Conclusions: </B>These results imply that traditional Japanese massage therapy may confer physical and psychological benefits to cancer survivors as well as to healthy women. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed.