Percepción de componentes psicológicos de calidad de vida en adultos mayores del cantón Riobamba / Perception of psychological components of quality of life in older adults in the Riobamba canton

Introducción: La calidad de vida es un concepto amplio que comprende varias dimensiones. Los componentes psicológicos desempeñan un papel fundamental en la percepción general, principalmente en los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Describir la percepción de componentes psicológicos de calidad de vida en adultos mayores del cantón Riobamba. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación básica, con diseño no experimental, de campo, transversal y descriptiva que incluyó como población a 3794 adultos mayores residentes en el cantón Riobamba, provincia Chimborazo, Ecuador. La muestra quedó conformada por 696 personas distribuidas en dos grupos muestra: residentes en zona urbana y rural. Se aplicó el cuestionario empleado por el Ministerio de Inclusión Económica y Social del Ecuador para determinar la percepción de calidad de vida. Resultados: Hubo un promedio de edad de 67,87 años, predominio del sexo femenino (64,80 por ciento) y de nivel educacional de primaria (33,76 por ciento); solo el 13,08 por ciento refirió antecedentes de trastornos psicológicos con predominio del trastorno ansioso (56,04 por ciento), seguido de los cuadros depresivos (36,27 por ciento). Conclusiones: Se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios de percepción de componentes psicológicos de calidad de vida. Hubo resultados de satisfacciones frecuentes y siempre o casi siempre en la mayoría de los ítems tanto en la población rural como en la urbana(AU)

Introduction: Quality of life is a broad concept that includes several dimensions. Psychological components play a fundamental role in general perception, mainly in older adults. Objective: To describe the perception of psychological components of quality of life in older adults in the Riobamba canton. Methods: A basic research was carried out, with a non-experimental, field, cross-sectional and descriptive design that included a population of 3794 elderly residents in the Riobamba canton, Chimborazo province, Ecuador. The sample was made up of 696 people divided into two groups, a sample residing in urban and rural areas. The questionnaire used by the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion of Ecuador was used to determine the perception of quality of life. Results: average age of 67.87 years, predominance of the female sex (64.80%) and primary educational level (33.76 percent); only 13.0 percent reported a history of psychological disorders with a predominance of anxiety disorder (56.04 percent), followed by depressive symptoms (36.27 percent). Conclusions: Satisfactory results of perception of psychological components of quality of life were obtained. Frequent and always or almost always satisfaction was obtained in most of the items in both rural and urban populations(AU)

Effectiveness of Tai chi exercise on overall quality of life and its physical and psychological components among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

With the aging of the world's population, the quality of life of older adults is becoming more important. There are many studies on the use of Tai chi exercise, a popular form of mind-body exercise practiced by older adults. However, the effectiveness of Tai chi exercise on the quality of life of older adults is unclear. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, six databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, CNKI) were searched in English and Chinese languages to screen for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT), and their risk of bias was assessed by two independent reviewers. The results of quality of life, physical component, and psychological component among older adults were meta-analyzed using RevMan5.3 software. The search retrieved 2577 records. After screening, a total of 10 RCTs were included in this evaluation, with a total of 1170 participants. The meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, Tai chi exercise had a significant impact on the overall quality of life (SMD=1.23; 95%CI: 0.56-1.98; P<0.0001), and on the physical component of quality of life (MD=5.90; 95%CI: 1.05-10.75; P=0.02), but no significant impact on the psychological component of quality of life. This study had high heterogeneity. The results of this study suggest the potential use of Tai chi exercise as an activity for increased quality of life in older adults. Future research may enhance experimental rigor and explore the rationale behind Tai chi exercise.