Propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ASI) en población adulta ecuatoriana

Objetivo. El objetivo del estudio fue realizar la validación del Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ASI) en el contexto ecuatoriano, así como analizar su consistencia interna y validez convergente con el Inventario de Ambivalencia hacia Hombres (AMI). Método. Participaron en el presente estudio, cuantitativo e instrumental, hombres (44.1%) y mujeres (55.9%) de la ciudad de Quito (N = 965) entre los 20 y los 60 años. Resultados. El ASI presenta un ajuste factorial adecuado al modelo original de dos factores; existe además consistencia interna en la escala total (w = .72) y en los dos factores (sexismo hostil: w = .71; sexismo benevolente: w = .53), y una validez convergente estadísticamente significativa con el AMI (r = .652). Se concluye que el instrumento es válido para uso en el contexto ecuatoriano.

Objective. The aim of the study was to validate the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) in the Ecuadorian context, as well as to analyze its internal consistency and convergent validity with the Ambivalence Inventory towards men (AMI). Method. Men (44.1%) and women (55.9%) from the city of Quito (N = 965), aged from 20 to 60 years old, participated in this quantitative and instrumental study. Results. The ASI presents an adequate factorial fit to the original two-factor model; there is internal consistency in the total scale (w = .72) and in the two factors (hostile sexism: w = .71; benevolent sexism: w = .53), and statistically significant convergent validity with the AMI (r = .652). It is concluded that the instrument use in the Ecuadorian context is valid.

Técnica estadística multivariada para validar instrumento de evaluación del clima organizacional en empresas ganaderas de leche / Multivariate statistical technique to validate an instrument for evaluating the organizational climate in dairy farming companies

RESUMEN Uno de los temas que poco se ha profundizado es la evaluación del clima organizacional en empresas del sector agropecuario bajo análisis de estadísticas multivariadas, es así que el propósito del presente estudio es construir y validar un instrumento para medir el clima organizacional de las empresas tecnificadas de ganadería de leche, bajo un enfoque mixto, con un alcance exploratorio de tipo tecnológico psicométrico, desarrollando un análisis de variables categóricas. La muestra de estudio fueron 45 fincas, las cuales, se analizaron bajo 9 dimensiones, soportadas en 97 ítems, bajo la escala Likert, donde el alfa de Cronbach obtenido fue de 0.9044395, lo que evidencia que los datos son confiables y que existe consistencia interna entre las preguntas del cuestionario. El análisis de resultados, se hizo mediante técnicas multivariadas de correspondencia simple para cada una de las dimensiones establecidas, permitiendo analizar la problemática desde un enfoque psicosocial. La dimensión de mayor preocupación fue la de Contexto social, que evidenció problemas relacionados con la escasa oportunidad de interacción social, pocos espacios de recreación y esparcimiento familiar; la dimensión mejor evaluada fue la de liderazgo y participación, demostrando una muy buena relación con el jefe. En general, se pude decir que el mayor porcentaje de agrupamiento de las respuestas está alrededor de la opción siempre, correspondiente a la calificación ideal para cada ítem, representado en el 57,32%, lo que indica un comportamiento cercano a lo óptimo, en determinadas variables analizadas.

ABSTRACT One of the topics that have not been studied in depth is the evaluation of the organizational climate in companies of the agricultural sector under multivariate statistical analysis. Thus, the purpose of this study is to construct and validate an instrument to measure the organizational climate of technified dairy cattle raising companies, under a mixed approach, with an exploratory scope of psychometric technological type, developing an analysis of categorical variables. The study sample consisted of 45 farms, which were analyzed under 9 dimensions supported by 97 items under the Likert scale, where the Cronbach's alpha obtained was 0.9044395, which shows that the data are reliable and that there is internal consistency among the questions of the questionnaire. The analysis of the results was carried out using multivariate techniques of simple correspondence for each of the established dimensions, allowing the analysis of the problem from a psychosocial approach. The dimension of greatest concern was the social context. This showed problems related to the scarce opportunity for social interaction, few spaces for recreation, and family recreation; the best-evaluated dimension was that of Leadership and participation, showing a very good relationship with the boss. In general, it can be said that the highest percentage of the grouping of responses is around option always, that correspond to the ideal qualification for each item, represented in 57.32%, which indicates a behavior close to the ideal in certain variables analyzed.

Sistema multiplataforma para el análisis de pruebas psicométricas y evaluación de indicadores de personalidad, actitud y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de nuevo ingreso en educación media y técnica / Multiplatform system for the analysis of psychometric tests and evaluation of indicators of personality, attitude and academic performance in new students in secondary and technical education

Este proyecto de investigación aplicada permite analizar, diseñar y construir un sistema informático que sirve de apoyo para la asignación y calificación de pruebas psicométricas, las cuales servirán a los especialistas en el área de psicología en la toma de decisiones, sobre el comportamiento y otros indicadores de los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso. El sistema multiplataforma desarrollado, permite automatizar el proceso de realizar las pruebas psicométricas a aspirantes de nuevo ingreso a fin de identificar posibles desertores. El diseño del modelo de datos relacional del sistema, permite además utilizarse en línea en diferentes instituciones, con diferentes test y diferentes usuarios al mismo tiempo, sin afectar su rendimiento.

This applied research project allows to analyze, design and build a computer system that supports the assignment and qualification of psychometric tests, which will serve specialists in the area of ​​psychology in decision-making, behavior and other indicators. The multiplatform system developed makes it possible to automate the process of conducting psychometric tests on newly admitted applicants in order to identify possible dropouts. The design of the relational data model of the system also allows it to be used online in different institutions, with different tests and different users at the same time, without affecting its performance.

Validation of a Paper and Pencil Test Battery for the Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Korea

The aim of this study was to validate a new paper and pencil test battery to diagnose minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in Korea. A new paper and pencil test battery was composed of number connection test-A (NCT-A), number connection test-B (NCT-B), digit span test (DST), and symbol digit modality test (SDMT). The norm of the new test was based on 315 healthy individuals between the ages of 20 and 70 years old. Another 63 healthy subjects (n = 31) and cirrhosis patients (n = 32) were included as a validation cohort. All participants completed the new paper and pencil test, a critical flicker frequency (CFF) test and computerized cognitive function test (visual continuous performance test [CPT]). The scores on the NCT-A and NCT-B increased but those of DST and SDMT decreased according to age. Twelve of the cirrhotic patients (37.5%) were diagnosed with MHE based on the new paper and pencil test battery. The total score of the paper and pencil test battery showed good positive correlation with the CFF (r = 0.551, P < 0.001) and computerized cognitive function test. Also, this score was lower in patients with MHE compared to those without MHE (P < 0.001). Scores on the CFF (32.0 vs. 28.7 Hz, P = 0.028) and the computer base cognitive test decreased significantly in patients with MHE compared to those without MHE. Test-retest reliability was comparable. In conclusion, the new paper and pencil test battery including NCT-A, NCT-B, DST, and SDMT showed good correlation with neuropsychological tests. This new paper and pencil test battery could help to discriminate patients with impaired cognitive function in cirrhosis (registered at Clinical Research Information Service [CRIS], https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris, KCT0000955).

Comparativo de las Propiedades Psicométricas del NAQ-R y del LIPT-60 en trabajadores venezolanos / Comparison of Psychometric Properties of NAQ-R and LIPT-60 in a Sample of Venezuelan Workers

Resumen El acoso laboral [mobbing] es un tipo de intimidación dentro del trabajo que, desde un punto de vista psicométrico, no puede medirse directamente. La utilización de escalas como Mobbing-UNIPSICO Scale, NAQ, LIPT, HPT, EAPA-T, CISNEROS, entre otras, busca predecir de forma indirecta su impacto en la salud de los trabajadores. En Venezuela existe una validación del LIPT (versión de 60 ítems), que presenta defectos metodológicos. Por ello se re-evaluó sus propiedades psicométricas y se compararon con las del NAQ (versión R), que es el otro instrumento más comúnmente utilizado para medir acoso laboral (de tipo vertical), para así determinar cuál es más pertinente para emitir un diagnóstico. Si bien el resultado de la validez de constructo señala que hay un mejor ajuste en la estructura factorial del NAQ-R, se concluye que una versión más corta del LIPT (de 45 ítems) es más precisa para emitir un diagnóstico, dado que predice mejor los distintos indicadores de salud psicológica en el trabajo y además posee mejores indicadores de consistencia interna.

Abstract Mobbing is a type of intimidation into the workplace, and it cannot be directly measured from a psychometric view. The administration of different scales aims indirectly to predict their impact on workers' health. These scales are: Mobbing-UNIPSICO Scale, NAQ, LIPT, HPT, EAPA-T, CISNEROS, among others; The LIPT-60 (60-item version) is used in Venezuela, but due to the fact this scale has presented methodological flaws, its psychometric properties were re-evaluated and compared with those of the NAQ (R version), another instrument commonly used to measure mobbing (vertical type), in order to determine which of these scales is more reliable to make a diagnosis. While the outcome of the construct validity indicates that there is a better fit in the factorial structure of the NAQ-R, we concluded that a shorter version of LIPT (45 items) is more accurate to make a diagnosis, since it predicts better the various indicators of psychological health at work and also presents better indicators of internal consistency.

Evidências de validade da escala de avaliação de ansiedade em adolescentes brasileiros / Evidence of validity of the assessment scale for anxiety in Brazilian adolescents / Evidencias de validez de la escala de evaluación de ansiedad en adolescentes brasileño

A ansiedade apresenta indicadores relacionados com marcadores somáticos, motores e cognitivos. Embora o interesse na investigação da regulação da ansiedade seja evidente entre pesquisadores, a oferta de instrumentos validados ainda é restrita. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o estudo de validade de critério da escala de avaliação de ansiedade em adolescentes. Houve a seleção de dois grupos-critério: um grupo clínico de 62 adolescentes com diagnóstico psiquiátrico (Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizada, Fobia Social, Fobia Específica ou Transtorno de Pânico) e outro de 23 adolescentes escolares indicados pelos professores por apresentarem comportamentos relacionados à ansiedade. Análises de follow up revelaram que todos os grupos comparados tiveram diferenças. O grupo II apresentou mais indicativos de desajustamento psicológico (ansiedade) do que a amostra comunitária e menos do que a amostra clínica. Os resultados demonstram evidências de validade de critério da Escala de Avaliação de Ansiedade para Adolescentes por grupos critérios.

Anxiety presents indicators related to somatic, motor and cognitive markers. Although interest in the investigation of regulation of anxiety is evident among researchers, the supply of validated instruments is still restricted. The purpose of this paper is to present the study to determine criterion validity of the scale for evaluation of anxiety in adolescents. Two criterion-groups were selected: a clinical group of 62 adolescents with psychiatric diagnosis (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia, Specific Phobia or Panic Disorder) and a group of 23 teenage students indicated by teachers forhaving anxiety related behaviors. Follow up analyzes revealed that all comparison groups presented differences. Group II presents more indicative of psychological problems (anxiety) than the community sample and less than the clinical sample. The results show evidence of criterion validity of the Anxiety Evaluation Scale for Adolescents based on comparing scores on criterion groups.

La ansiedad presenta indicadores relacionados con marcadores somáticos, motores y cognitivos. Si bien el interés en la investigación de la regulación de la ansiedad sea evidente entre investigadores, el suministro de instrumentos validados es aún limitado. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el estudio de validez de criterio de la escala de evaluación de ansiedad en adolescentes. Se sucedió a la selección de dos grupos-criterio: un grupo clínico de 62 adolescentes con diagnóstico psiquiátrico (Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada, Fobia Social, Fobia Específica o Trastorno de Pánico) y otro de 23 adolescentes escolares indicados por profesores por presentaren comportamientos relacionados a la ansiedad. Análisis de follow up revelaron que todos grupos comparados tuvieron diferencias. El grupo II presento más indicativos de desajuste psicológico (ansiedad) que la muestra comunitaria y menos que la muestra clínica. Los resultados demostraron evidencias de validez de criterio para la Escala de Evaluación de Ansiedad para Adolescentes por grupos criterios.

Diseño de la Escala Multidimensional de Trastornos Afectivos (emta): análisis psicométrico de confiabilidad y validez / Design of multidimensional scale emta affective disorders: psychometric analysis of reliability and validity

El propósito de esta investigación fue construir y validar una escala que mide trastornos afectivos. La muestra piloto estuvo conformada por 100 sujetos de la Corporación Universidad de la Costa (Barran-quilla, Colombia): 81% mujeres y 19% hombres, con edades entre 18 y 44 años. Inicialmente, la escala contenía en la Subescala de Depresión los ítems 1-57 y en la Subescala de Manía los ítems 5893. La escala final cuenta con la evaluación de síntomas depresivos (ítems 1-47); la segunda de ellas busca evaluar, a su vez, síntomas de corte maniaco (ítems 52-80). Los síntomas contemplados en los ítems 48 al 51 y 81 al 85, respectivamente, buscan evaluar intensidad y cronicidad de una manera más específica. El procesamiento estadístico de los datos se realizó con el software SPSS. Se estimaron los índices Alfa de Cronbach obtenidos en la Subescala de Depresión (a: 0.942) y en la Subescala de Manía (a: 0.834). Adicionalmente se estimaron los niveles de correlación ítem - escala y se desarrolló un análisis factorial para profundizar en la valoración de la validez del constructo. Igualmente se generaron rangos de clasificación de los puntajes obtenidos; para identificar el nivel de Manía o Depresión de los sujetos, cada una de la subescalas evalúa rangos de nivel bajo, medio y alto. En el caso de la Subescala de Depresión, se pudo identificar que los rangos de clasificación están a un nivel bajo para el 81% de los casos y medio para el 19%. En la Subescala de Manía, los rangos de clasificación están a un nivel bajo para el 82% de los casos y medio para el 18%, los cuales son consistentes con la naturaleza de la muestra piloto, que fue de corte no clínica.

The purpose of this research was to construct and validate a scale for measuring affective disorders. The sample was taken with 100 students of the Corporación Universidad de la Costa (Barranquilla, Colombia): 81% women and 19% men between 18 and 44 years of age. Initially, the scale contained items from 1 to 57 in the Depression Subscale and items from 58 to 93 in the Mania Subscale. The final scale has items (from 1 to 47) to valuate depressive symptoms and others (from 52 to 80) for mania symptoms. Items from 48 to 51 and from 81 to 85 were made to valuate intensity and chronicity in a more specific way. Statistical data processing came ahead from expected with the SPSS software. Indicating the Cronbach Alpha index obtained in the Depression Subscale, that was equal to (a: 0.942) and in the Mania Subscale was equal to (a: 0.834). In addition, correlated values were estimated from item-scale and a factorial analysis was developed to reach deep in the grade validity of the construct, in order to identify the subjects' level of Mania or Depression. Each subscale valuates low, medium and high ranges. With the Depression Subscale 81% of the sample showed low level results and 19% showed medium level results. With the Mania Subscale at 82% of the sample, showed low level results and 18% showed medium level results, which are consistent with the nature of the original sample from non-clinical approach.

Analysis of psychological tests on newly employed staff in a Chinese comprehensive hospital / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective This study targeted on 298 newly employed staff in Guang'anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,who had finished the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).A retrospective study has been approached to investigate the mental states of the new employers in the Chinese comprehensive hospital.Methods SPSS statistics software 11.5 was used to do descriptive statistical analysis.Results Scores of all factors show no difference compared to the various norm groups studied.Most of the new employers represent calm and gentle personalities.They are confident,optimistic,independent,gentle,kind,decent,rational and objective,have self-control and self-discipline,barely have no doubt about their physical health,trust others; they are mature,able to maintain good interpersonal relationships and to adapt external pressure; they do not harm themselves psychologically; they are calm,stable and pragmatic.Conclusion Subjects are somehow over reporting or exaggerating the prevalence of being nice,which could be subconscious or intentional.However,this does not have impacts on reliability and validity.MMPI is a relatively comprehensive psychometric scale for employment.

The prevalence of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis determined by psychometric tests / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy(SHE) in patients with cirrhosis. Methods One hundred and seventy five consecutive cirrhotic patients(mean age 53 years, range 27～72) without any overt clinical encephalopathy were screened for SHE using number connection test A(NCT A) and symbol digit test(SDT) with age corrected normal value, which have been developed in 356 persons without liver disease and are defined as the mean?2 standard deviation. Results Fifty patients(28.6%) were abnormal in both NCT A and SDT, 16(9.1%) were abnormal only in SDT and 34(19.4%) only in NCT A. Taken together, two tests diagnosed SHE in 100 patients(57.1%). The prevalence of SHE increased from 46.8% and 53.0% in Child Pugh grade A and B, to 76.6% in Child Pugh grade C. Conclusions SHE was found in 57.1% of cirrhotic patients without overt clinical encephalopathy, which was linked to the severity of liver cirrhosis.

The development of psychometric test “The Thai mental health questionnaire".

The purpose of this study was to develop the Thai Mental Health Questionnaire, having sufficient discriminate power, adequate construct validity, and reliability. The subject were two groups; (1) pilot study samples: 60 samples and (2) survey samples were 700 samples consisted of normals, psychiatric outpatients, and psychiatric inpatients. Data collected from the Thai Mental health Questionnaire was developed from criteria based on the DSM-IV. The results of this study showed that the final test composed of 70 items - was found to be significantly different at the .001 level between those people with mental disorders and normal people. The construct validity of this test consists of five factors: somatic, depression, anxiety, psychotic, and social function. The reliability coefficients for the Alpha were range from 0.82 to 0.94.