ABSTRACT
With the recent legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada and 11 states of the U.S., the interest surrounding cannabis use is increasing. However, many people and even clinicians in Korea do not have exact knowledge about the psychiatric consequences of cannabis use. In this narrative review, the characteristics of cannabis, the endocannabinoid system, and the psychiatric consequences of cannabis use were provided. Cannabis contains more than 80 cannabinoids in the native plant. Psychotropic properties of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol are most well studied. The two main receptors are cannabinoid-1 receptor and cannabinoid-2 receptor. Several endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, act on the receptors as the endogenous ligands. Cannabis influences mood, cognitive functions, and psychomotor functions in acute phase responses, increasing the odds ratio for motor vehicle crashes. Long-term cannabis use is associated with various psychotic outcomes, including the development of schizophrenia, although there is interindividual variability. Cannabis adversely influences learning, memory, and attention. More frequent, persistent, and earlier onset cannabis use is associated with greater cognitive impairment. The chronic cognitive effects of cannabis are complex and controversial. Cannabis has addictive potential, and cannabis use disorder is common. Clinicians should have evidence-based knowledge about the consequences of cannabis use and communicate accurate information about cannabis use and its associated risks to the public.
Subject(s)
Canada , Cannabidiol , Cannabinoids , Cannabis , Cognition , Cognition Disorders , Endocannabinoids , Korea , Learning , Ligands , Marijuana Abuse , Memory , Motor Vehicles , Odds Ratio , Plants , Psychoses, Substance-Induced , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
En Medellín, la prevalencia de consumo de drogas en el último año es del 3.6% y es el grupo de edad más predominante entre los 19 y 29 años. Sin embargo, hay un subregistro relevante sobre el consumo de las nuevas drogas que son vendidas como alternativas legales a las drogas clásicas de abuso. El objetivo de este reporte es mostrar tres casos que muestran las complicaciones cardiovasculares, neurológicas y musculares asociadas con 4-bromo-2,5-dimetoxifeniletilamina (2CB), sustancia conocida en Colombia desde 2007. El consumo de 2CB está en aumento y es prioritario que los profesionales de la salud reconozcan sus riesgos.
The prevalence of drug consumption in Medellin over the last year was 3.6%, where the principal age group was between 19 and 29 years. The phenomenon of the consumption of new drugs being sold as legal alternatives to the classic drugs of abuse has been greatly underreported. The objective of this report is to show three cases with muscular, neurological, and cardiovascular complications associated with 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenylethylamine (2C-B), a substance known in Colombia since 2007. The consumption of 2C-B is on the rise and must become a priority for health professionals due to the risks involved.
Em Medellín, a prevalência de consumo de drogas no último ano é de 3.6% e é o grupo de idade mais predominante entre os 19 e 29 anos. Porém, há um sub-registro relevante sobre o consumo das novas drogas que sao vendidas como alternativas legais às drogas clássicas de abuso. O objetivo deste relatório é mostrar três casos que mostram as complicações cardiovasculares, neurológicas e musculares associadas com 4-bromo-2,5-dimetoxifeniletilamina (2CB), substância conhecida na Colômbia desde 2007. O consumo de 2CB está em aumento e é prioritário que os profissionais da saúde reconheçam seus riscos.