Fatores de risco psicossociais no trabalho de gestores: revisão sistemática / Psychosocial Risk Factors in the Work of Managers: Systematic Review

Objetivo. Este estudo objetiva sistematizar e avaliar a produção científica nacional e internacional acerca dos fatores de risco psicossociais presentes no trabalho de gestores e como estes afetam sua saúde. Método. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Foram seguidas as diretrizes do Protocolo PRISMA - Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Resultados. Verificou-se que os gestores estão expostos a riscos psicossociais relacionados às categorias tipo e produção de tarefas e saúde e bem-estar. A exposição a estes fatores de risco pode desencadear alterações físicas e mentais na saúde. Foram identificadas ações de intervenção e seus resultados, bem como a necessidade de desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção e promoção de saúde mental voltadas para gestores.

Objective. This study aims to systematize and evaluate the national and international scientific production about the psychosocial risk factors present in the work of managers and how these affect their health. Method. A systematic review of the literature was done. For its development, the guidelines for conducting a systematic review proposed by the PRISMA Protocol - Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed. Results. After the process of refining the results, it was found that managers are exposed to psychosocial risks related to the categories types, and production of tasks and health and well-being. The exposure to these risk factors can trigger physical and mental changes in the health of these workers, requiring prevention and mental health promotion actions.

Factores de riesgo psicosociales que influyen en el comportamiento suicida en las personas privadas de la libertad en Colombia / Psychosocial risk factors that influence suicidal behavior in people deprived of liberty in Colombia

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo psicosocial y las características que los componen; que a su vez repercuten en el comportamiento suicida, en los privados de la libertad de Colombia, para mejorar la atención psicológica que se lleva a cabo en los centros penitenciarios. Método: Articulo de revisión documental, de tipo cualitativo, realizado a través de una recolección, revisión y análisis de 55 documentos; de los cuales se seleccionaron 13 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente establecidos. Durante la investigación se tiene en cuenta la elaboración y distinción del documento, de acuerdo a la recolección y organización de la información obtenida a través de bases de datos como Scielo, Scopus, Oxford, Science Direct, Redalyc, Pubmed, entre otros, por lo tanto, se discriminaron las categorías y subcategorías desarrolladas durante la indagación correspondientes al tema a trabajar. Resultados: Se identificaron los factores de riesgo psicosociales fundamentales como: prisionización, vínculo familiar o afectivo, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, proyecto de vida, problemas psicológicos y tiempo de condena; que presenta la población penitenciaria a nivel mundial, los cuales se tienen en cuenta para reducir las tasas de comportamiento suicida en el ámbito carcelario. Conclusiones: En la revisión documental se logró identificar cuáles son los factores de riesgo que permitan detectar a tiempo el comportamiento suicida en las personas privadas de la libertad, teniendo en cuenta que la población carcelaria a nivel mundial va en aumento y el comportamiento suicida es catalogado como un problema grave de salud pública; se evidenció la falta de existencia de información para la investigación con base a la atención psicosocial que se le brinda a las personas privadas de la libertad alrededor de los factores de riesgos psicosociales que influyen en el comportamiento suicida; por tal razón es importante investigar a profundidad acerca de los factores protectores que pueden prevenir el suicidio en la población.

Abstract Objective: To identify the characteristics that make up the psychosocial risk factors that have an impact on suicidal behavior in Colombian prisoners, in order to improve the psychological care provided in penitentiaries. Method: Documentary review article, of qualitative type, carried out through a collection, review and analysis of 50 documents; of which 13 articles were selected for the elaboration of the results. During the research, the elaboration and distinction of the document is taken into account, according to the collection and organization of information collected through databases such as Scielo, Scopus, Oxford, Science Direct, Redalyc, Pubmed, among others, Therefore, the categories and subcategories developed during the investigation corresponding to the topic to work are discriminated. Results: Key psychosocial risk factors were identified, such as: prison ionization, family or affective bond, use of psychoactive substances, life plan, psychological problems and time of sentence; presented by the prison population worldwide, which are taken into account to reduce suicide rates in prison settings. Conclusions: The documentary review identifies the risk factors and protective factors that allow the timely detection of suicidal behaviour in persons deprived of their liberty, taking into account that some of the risk factors may also be protective factors, such as family ties, the life plan, the process of imprisonment and the time of sentence, and other factors if they are highly relevant because of their risk in suicidal behavior; such as substance use and psychological problems.

Estrés laboral en trabajadores de atención prehospitalaria durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Work stress in prehospital care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha causado cambios en las condiciones laborales de los trabajadores sanitarios, lo que se considera un posible factor desencadenante de estrés laboral. Objetivo: Analizar el grado de exposición al estrés laboral que presentan los trabajadores de atención prehospitalaria de la zona 3 del Instituto Ecuatoriano del Seguro Social durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación básica, no experimental, transversal y descriptiva donde el universo estuvo constituido por un total de 35 trabajadores. Se utilizó la tercera versión del cuestionario de Estrés Laboral diseñada por Villalobos en el año 2016. Resultados: Predominio de trabajadores expuestos a estrés laboral (88,57 %) con predominio de estrés medio (48,39 %). Los dolores en el cuello, espalda o tensión muscular fueron referidos siempre o casi siempre por el 88,57 % de los trabajadores. Los sentimientos de sobrecarga de trabajo siempre o casi siempre estuvieron presentes en el 80,00 % de los trabajadores. El 37,14% refirió problemas siempre o casi siempre con sus relaciones familiares. El 62,86 % de los trabajadores informó que consumen bebidas alcohólicas, café o cigarro siempre o casi siempre para controlar las manifestaciones de estrés. Conclusión: Se identificó un elevado porcentaje de trabajadores con nivel medio de estrés. Los dolores en el cuello y espalda, dificultades en las relaciones familiares, sentimientos de sobrecarga de trabajo, dificultades para concentrarse y el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, café o cigarro fueron los síntomas que con mayor frecuencia se identificaron en las esferas investigadas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated changes in the working conditions of health workers, being considered a possible trigger of work stress. Objective: To analyze the degree of exposure to work stress presented by pre-hospital care workers in zone 3 of the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A basic, non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive research was carried out where the universe consisted of a total of 35 workers. The third version of the Occupational Stress questionnaire designed by Villalobos in 2016 was used. Results: Prevalence of workers exposed to work stress (88.57%) with predominance of medium stress (48.39%). Pain in the neck, back or muscle tension was always or almost always reported by 88.57% of the workers. Feelings of work overload were always or almost always present in 80.00% of the workers. 37.14% reported problems always or almost always with their family relationships. 62.86% of the workers reported that they consume alcoholic beverages, coffee or cigarettes always or almost always to control stress manifestations. Conclusion: A high percentage of workers with a medium level of stress was identified. Pains in the neck and back; difficulties in family relationships; Feelings of work overload, difficulties concentrating and the consumption of alcoholic beverages, coffee or cigarettes were the symptoms that were most frequently identified in the areas investigated.

Relación entre síndrome de Burnout y riesgo psicosocial intralaboral en profesionales sociales / Relationship Between Burnout Syndrome and Psychosocial Risk Within the Workplace in Social Professionals

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la relación existente entre el síndrome de burnout y las condiciones de riesgo psicosocial intralaboral en profesionales del área social. En relación con la metodología, se realizó un diseño no experimental de corte transversal de alcance correlacional, para una muestra no probabilística de 76 profesionales. El plan de análisis de datos se desarrolló a partir de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indicaron que existieron relaciones significativas entre las demandas de trabajo, el control sobre el trabajo y las recompensas con el dominio de desgaste emocional, así como entre las demandas de trabajo y el dominio de despersonalización en el síndrome de burnout. Estas relaciones, al ser significativas, aportan al modelo de ecuaciones estructurales donde se logra establecer que existe una relación entre las variables de estudio y que el riesgo psicosocial intralaboral explica el burnout en un 47.8 %. Este porcentaje es conducente con la importancia de las variables de los modelos teóricos de estrés y estrés crónico (desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa, demanda, control y apoyo social y desgaste emocional).

Abstract The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between burnout syndrome and psychosocial risk conditions within the workplace in social professionals. Concerning the methodology, a non‑experimental cross‑sectional design of correlational scope was carried out for a non‑probabilistic sample of 76 professionals. The data analysis plan was developed from a structural equations model. The results indicated that there were significant relationships between work demands, control over work, and rewards with the emotional burnout domain, as well as between work demands and the depersonalization domain in the burnout syndrome. These relationships, being significant, contribute to the structural equations model where it is possible to establish, in the first place, that there is a relationship between the study variables, and that psychosocial risk within the workplace explains burnout in 47.8%. This percentage is consistent with the importance of the variables of the theoretical models of stress and chronic stress (effort‑reward imbalance, demand, control and social support, and emotional exhaustion).

Factores psicosociales y desempeño docente en un instituto superior tecnológico en Quito, Ecuador / Psychosocial factors and teaching performance at a higher technological institute in Quito, Ecuador

RESUMEN Introducción: los riesgos psicosociales afectan física y mentalmente a los trabajadores. Las condiciones laborales de docentes universitarios implican responsabilidades académicas y administrativas, exponiéndolos a altos niveles de riesgo psicosocial. Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación de los factores psicosociales en el desempeño docente, en un instituto superior tecnológico en Quito, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, transversal, prospectivo y analítico en una población de 89 docentes. Se aplicó, por su alta confiabilidad, la encuesta de Factores de Riesgo Psicosociales de Silva, para evaluar los factores de riesgo en el trabajo académico. El desempeño docente se midió según la escala de calificación del Ministerio del Trabajo de Ecuador. Se calcularon inferencias y asociaciones a través de la prueba de Chi cuadrado y el odds ratio. Resultados: hubo un 47,2 % del género femenino y un 52,8 % del masculino. Predominó el grupo etario de 31 a 40 años. Entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial predominó el parámetro de exigencias laborales. El 75,3 % presentó riesgo psicosocial medio, no reflejado con el desempeño docente. Conclusiones: se constató la presencia de factores de riesgo psicosociales en los docentes, relacionados con la carga de trabajo, contenido y características de las tareas, entre otros aspectos. Se comprobó que el desempeño docente no se afectó por la presencia de factores de riesgo psicosociales (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: psychosocial risks physically and mentally affect workers. The working conditions of university teachers involve academic and administrative responsibilities, exposing them to high levels of psychosocial risk. Objective: the objective of the study was to determine the relationship of psychosocial factors in teaching performance at a higher technological institute in Quito, Ecuador. Materials and methods: a quantitative, observational, transversal, prospective and analytical study was conducted in a population of 89 teachers. Because of its high reliability, the Silva Psychosocial Risk Factors survey was applied to assess risk factors in academic work. The teaching performance was measured according to the rating scale of the Ministry of Labor of Ecuador. Inferences and associations were calculated through the Chi squared test and the odds ratio. Results: 47.2 % of the teachers were women and 52.8 % were men. The 31-40 years old age-group predominated. Among the psychosocial risk factors, the parameters of work requirements predominated. 75.3 % showed average psychosocial risk, not reflected with teaching performance. Conclusions: It was stated the existence of psychosocial risk factors in teachers, related to the workload, content and characteristics of the task, among other aspects. We found that teaching performance was not affected by the presence of psychosocial risk factors (AU).

Relación entre características sociodemográficas, obstétricas y psicosociales con el desenlace del parto prematuro en un hospital de alta complejidad / Relationship between sociodemographic, obstetric and psychosocial characteristics with the outcome of premature delivery in a highly complex hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN: La prematuridad es un grave problema de salud pública por la morbilidad, la mortalidad y los costos a ella asociados. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la relación entre las características sociodemográficas, obstétricas y psicosociales con el desenlace de parto prematuro frente a partos de término en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente de Concepción, Chile, entre el segundo semestre de 2016 y el primer semestre de 2017. MÉTODO: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, de tipo caso-control. La muestra la constituyeron 84 mujeres con parto prematuro y 85 con parto de término. Se utilizó un cuestionario de elaboración propia y la escala de Evaluación Psicosocial Abreviada (EPsA). El estudio fue aprobado por el comité ético científico. Se realizó análisis bivariado, con un nivel de significancia a = 0,05. Los datos se analizaron con el software estadístico SPSS v.25.0. RESULTADOS: No hubo diferencias en los antecedentes sociodemográficos (edad, nivel socioeconómico, estado civil y escolaridad) entre ambos grupos. Solo las mujeres con parto prematuro mantenían en mayor porcentaje que las gestantes de término un trabajo remunerado (43,4% vs. 25,9%). El estado nutricional y el antecedente de parto prematuro previo no se asociaron a un nuevo parto antes de las 37 semanas. La interrupción por cesárea fue significativamente más frecuente en las gestaciones de pretérmino que en el grupo control (p = 0,0377). CONCLUSIONES: En la población estudiada, las características sociodemográficas de las gestantes no tuvieron relación con el desenlace prematuro de la gestación. Algunos factores biomédicos se relacionan significativamente con este riesgo. Es necesario evaluar la pertinencia de aplicar escalas psicosociales en esta población y enfocar los esfuerzos para promover el control preconcepcional en mujeres con antecedentes de parto prematuro o comorbilidad.

INTRODUCTION: Prematurity is a serious public health problem due to morbidity, mortality and associated costs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic, obstetric and psychosocial characteristics with the outcome of premature birth versus term births at the Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital in Concepción, Chile, between the second semester of 2016 and the first semester of 2017. METHOD: Quantitative, observational case-control study. The sample consisted of 85 women with premature delivery and 85 with term delivery. A self-elaborated questionnaire and Abbreviated Psychosocial Assessment scale (EPsA) were used. The study was approved by the scientific ethics committee. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed, with a level of significance a = 0.05. The data were analyzed with the statistical software SPSS v.25.0. RESULTS: There were no differences between the sociodemographic antecedents (age, socioeconomic level, marital status and education) between both groups. Only women with preterm birth had a higher percentage of paid work than full-term pregnant women (43.4% vs. 25.9%). Nutritional status and a history of previous preterm birth were not associated with a new delivery before 37 weeks. Interruption by cesarean section was significantly more frequent in preterm pregnancies than in the control group (p = 0.0377). CONCLUSIONS: In the studied population, the sociodemographic characteristics of the pregnant women were not related to the premature outcome of pregnancy. Biomedical factors are significantly related to this risk. It is necessary to evaluate the relevance of applying psychosocial scales in this population and to focus efforts to promote preconception control in women with a history of preterm birth and/or comorbidities.

Autoeficácia ocupacional, fatores de risco psicossocial do trabalho e mal-estar físico e psicológico / Occupational self-efficacy, psychosocial risk factors at work and physical and psychological malaise / Autoeficacia ocupacional, factores de riesgo psicosocial del trabajo y malestar físico e psicológico

Cresce o interesse da gestão de saúde ocupacional em compreender melhor as relações entre fatores de risco psicossociais do trabalho (FRP), o adoecimento e as variáveis que contribuem para esta relação. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito mediador da autoeficácia ocupacional (AEO) na relação entre FRP e sintomas de mal-estar físico e psicológico (MFP). Os instrumentos utilizados foram uma versão reduzida do COPSOQ II (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire) e de uma escala de AEO, ambos com evidências de validade para o contexto brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de caráter exploratório, do qual participaram 391 trabalhadores industriais. Os resultados indicaram mediação da AEO na explicação da relação entre FRP e MFP. Foram encontradas diferenças em função do sexo, nível educacional, cargo e status do emprego. Adicionalmente, discutem-se implicações teóricas e práticas.

There is growing interest of the occupational health professionals on the relationships among psychosocial risk factors at work (PRF), sickness and the determinants of this relationship. The aim of this study was to assess the mediating effect of occupational self-efficacy (OSE) on the relationship between PRF and symptoms of physical and psychological malaise (PPM). Instruments were an short version of COPSOQ II (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire) and an OSE scale, both with evidence of validity for the Brazilian context. This is an exploratory cross-sectional study involving 391 industrial workers. Results indicated the mediation of OSE in the explanation of the relationship between PRF and PPM. Also differences according to gender, educational level, job title and employment status were found. Additionally, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Crece el interés de la gestión de la salud ocupacional por comprender las relaciones entre factores de riesgo psicosociales del trabajo (FRP), enfermedades y los determinantes de dicha relación. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto mediador de la autoeficacia ocupacional (AEO) en la relación entre FRP y síntomas de malestar físico y psicológico (MFP). Se utilizaron una versión corta del COPSOQ II (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire) y una escala de AEO, ambos con evidencias de validez para el contexto brasileño. Se trata de un estudio transversal exploratorio del cual participaron 391 trabajadores industriales. Los resultados indicaron la mediación de la AEO en la explicación de la relación entre FRP y MFP. Se encontraron diferencias en función del sexo, nivel educativo, cargo y status del empleo. Adicionalmente, se discuten implicaciones teóricas y prácticas.

Factores psicosociales que influyen en el ausentismo: Evaluación de un modelo explicativo / Work psychosocial conditions influencing on absenteeism: Evaluation of an explicative model

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar un modelo explicativo del ausentismo laboral, con base en la relación entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial y la mediación de la percepción de relaciones sociales y del estrés laboral; este se conformó con base en las predicciones de modelos teóricos como Demandas-Control, Desbalance Esfuerzo-Recompensas y Apoyo Social, implícitos en el instrumento usado, así como en los antecedentes de investigación consultados. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un modelado con ecuaciones estructurales con los datos de medición de riesgo psicosocial y ausentismo hecha con 252 trabajadores de una compañía agroindustrial del departamento del Cesar en Colombia; fue aplicada la Batería de Riesgo Psicosocial de Villalobos, Vargas, Rondón y Felknor (2013a, 2013b). Con base en los indicadores de bondad de ajuste, se descartó el modelo teórico inicial, así como otros dos modelos planteados, por lo que se afirma que solo algunas formas específicas de ausentismo son determinadas por el estrés laboral producto de la conjunción de riesgo ante relaciones interpersonales y demandas laborales, combinado con riesgo proveniente de condiciones extralaborales. La inclusión de las relaciones interpersonales en el modelo es totalmente esperable con base en los hallazgos de diferentes investigaciones precedentes. Por otro lado, la exclusión del factor control sobre el trabajo fue inesperada, pues en estudios antecedentes esta guardó mayor relación con el ausentismo que las demandas del trabajo. Se discute sobre las limitaciones del estudio y sobre la necesidad de complejizar en Colombia la investigación sobre la relación del riesgo psicosocial con otros constructos psicológicos y con las consecuencias organizacionales.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate an explanatory model of work absenteeism, based on the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and the mediation of the perception of social relationships and work stress. This was based on the predictions of theoretical models such as Demands-Control, Unbalance Effort-Rewards and Social Support, implicit in the instrument used; as well as in the research background consulted. It is justified principally by the impact that absenteeism has on the stability of organizations and the relevance of its prediction for the Psychology of Work and Organizations. For the fulfillment of the objective, a modeling SEM is carried out with the psychosocial risk and absenteeism measurement data made with 252 workers of an agro-industrial company of the department of Cesar in Colombia; 96 % of participants were men, with an average age of 35 years, the majority did not complete secondary studies, 89 % were in operational positions, the majority in indefinite hiring; workers less than 6 months old had been excluded. The Psychosocial Risk Battery of Colombian researchers Villalobos, Vargas, Rondón, y Felknor (2013a, 2013b) was applied. This is one of the few validated and standardized instruments on Colombian population that measures psychosocial risk globally and conforms to the definitions legally accepted in the country regarding such occupational hazards. This battery measures workers' perception of intra-occupational risk factors, in particular, demands for work, control over work, social relations and leadership, as well as rewards and recognition for work; Likewise, it evaluates the extra-labor psychosocial risk associated with working conditions, as well as symptoms of work-related stress. The path analysis was executed using statistical software SPSS v25 and AMOS v24; the goodness-of-fit for the models was verified with indicators CMIN/DF, CFI, TLI y RMSEA; the correlations coefficients between variables and the function "modification Indices" of AMOS was operated to specify the appropriate model to the data. Based on goodness-of-fit measures, the initial theoretical model was discarded. In a second model, the mediating role of the social relations factor is ruled out and Unjustified Absenteeism, Non-Remunerated Absenteeism and Work Accident Absenteeism were excluded, but the adjustment of the model was not adequate either. In a third model, the factors Control on Work and Rewards were also excluded, although the fourth model, that inlayed correlations between de independent variables was the one who had the best goodness of fit; so, it is affirmed that only some specific forms of absenteeism are determined by work-related stress due to the arrangement of risk before interpersonal relationships and labor demands, combined with risk from extra-labor conditions. The inclusion of interpersonal relationships in the model is fully expected based on the findings of different previous investigations. On the other hand, the exclusion of the control factor over work was unexpected, since in previous studies it was more related to absenteeism than the demands of work. It is suggested that the findings should be taken with caution, given the limitations of the research, in particular, the homogeneity of the participants and the lack of comparability with other productive contexts; However, the relevance of the study is sustained in the fact that it is one of the first attempts in the country that uses explanatory models to establish the effects of psychosocial risk factors on organizational outcomes. Complementing the above, the possibility of using the Psychosocial Risk Battery together with the measurement of other important organizational outcomes such as presenteeism, motivation and job satisfaction, job performance and productivity, organizational commitment, accident rate in the workplace, among others, are also considered to empirically validate various models exposed in theory or corroborated in other countries and productive sectors.

Worry and perceived risk of contagion during the COVID-19 quarantine in the Jalisco population: Preliminary Study / Preocupación y riesgo de contagio percibido durante la cuarentena por COVID-19 en población jalisciense: estudio preliminar

Abstract Introduction Preventive measures taken during periods of health crisis, specifically in pandemics, have consistently been associated with detrimental effects on mental health. Isolation and loneliness are indirect effects of these preventive measures. Given these premises, monitoring the behavior of the population in the face of these eventualities becomes important. Worry as an indirect measure of anxiety and stress enables one to recognize subjects who are vulnerable to phenomena of high uncertainty, since measures taken to avoid excessive contagion can have high costs for this population. This phenomenon has been consistently observed in other pandemics such as H1/N1 influenza. Objective To determine the prevalence of worry and perceived risk of contagion in the Guadalajara population during the COVID-19 quarantine and to identify differentiating effects. Method A total of 255 people from western Mexico (Guadalajara, Jalisco) voluntarily participated by answering the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) adapted to Mexican population. The average age of the respondents, aged between 18 and 70 years, was 31.71 (± 5.19). A total of 170 women and 85 men participated in the study. Results 40.12% of the population scored high levels of worry, making them vulnerable to mental health conditions. Subjects favored the prevention of a contagion regardless of whether they were self-isolated. The only variable that had a differential effect was sex (p < .05), and there were no differences in educational attainment, occupational demandingness, and isolation between the groups. Discussion and conclusion A preventive attitude was observed among the participants, and so it is important to implement strategies that will prevent mental health costs in those who express excessive worry to avoid saturating mental health services.

Resumen Introducción Las medidas preventivas tomadas durante periodos de crisis de salud, específicamente en las pandemias, se han asociado constantemente a efectos perjudiciales en la salud mental. El aislamiento y la soledad son efectos indirectos de estas medidas preventivas. Dadas estas premisas, monitorear la conducta de la población ante estas eventualidades cobra importancia. La preocupación como medida indirecta de la ansiedad y el estrés puede permitir reconocer aquellos sujetos que se encuentren en una situación de vulnerabilidad ante fenómenos de alta incertidumbre, por lo que las medidas tomadas para evitar contagios excesivos pueden tener un costo alto para dicha población. Este fenómeno se ha observado consistentemente en otras pandemias como la de la influenza H1/N1. Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de preocupación y riesgo de contagio percibido en población tapatía durante la cuarentena por COVID-19 e identificar efectos diferenciadores. Método Un total de 255 personas del occidente de México (Guadalajara, Jalisco) participaron voluntariamente contestando el Cuestionario de Preocupación del Pensilvania (PWSQ) adaptado a la población mexicana. La edad promedio fue de 31.71 (± 5.19) de entre los 18 y los 70 años. Un total de 170 mujeres y 85 hombres participaron en la encuesta. Resultados El 40.12% de la población alcanzó puntajes altos de preocupación, que los vuelven vulnerables a los padecimientos de salud mental. Se expresaron datos favorables en pro de la prevención de un contagio independientemente de si se estaba en situación de aislamiento o no. Por otro lado, la única variable que tuvo un efecto diferencial fue la del sexo (p < .05), mientras que la escolaridad, la exigencia ocupacional y el aislamiento no mostraron diferencias entre grupos. Discusión y conclusión Se observa una actitud de prevención en los participantes; es importante realizar estrategias que eviten que haya costes a razón de la salud mental en aquellos que muestra preocupación excesiva para evitar la saturación de los servicios de salud mental.

Factores de riesgo psicosocial que afectan el comportamiento de escolares hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intermedios del Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga / Psychosocial risk factors that affect schoolchildren behavior hospitalized in the intermediate care unit of the Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediatrico Dr. Agustin Zubillaga

El bienestar en niños hospitalizados constituye un reto para las ciencias médicas. Con el objetivo de determinar los factores de riesgo psicosocial que afectan el comportamiento en escolares hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios del Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Agustín Zubillaga, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 60 pacientes durante el mes de febrero del 2019. Se observó un predominio de escolares femeninos, con una edad alrededor de los 11 años, con enfermedad aguda y un tiempo de hospitalización > 7 días, con temperamento suelto que no cambió durante la hospitalización, nivel medio de autocontrol y con comportamiento de dependencia expresado en temor a la separación filial y a personas desconocidas. Predominó la sobreprotección a pesar del bajo porcentaje de estrés parenteral. Se observó buena interacción con el personal de salud y colaboración durante los procedimientos médicos aunque se mantuvo la reacción de temor; en general, los padres refieren haber recibido suficiente información acerca de la enfermedad de su hijo. Los factores de riesgo psicosocial debes ser reconocidos por los servicios prestadores de salud por su potencial efecto negativo sobre el comportamiento, salud física y mental de los menores hospitalizados(AU)

Welfare in hospitalized children is a challenge for medical sciences. With the aim to determine psychosocial risk factors that affect behavior in schoolchildren hospitalized in the Intermediate Care Unit of the Servicio Desconcentrado Hospital Pediatrico Dr. Agustin Zubillaga, a descriptive transversal study was carried out in 60 schoolchildren hospitalized in February 2019. The sample consisted of predominantly female schoolchildren with an average age of 11 years old, with acute disease and a hospital stay > 7 days, with easy temperament that did not change during hospitalization, medium level of self-control and a dependency behavior expressed as separation anxiety and fear of unknown people. Overprotection with low parental stress was observed. A good interaction with health personnel as well as collaboration (with fear) during medical procedures was present in most children. Parents manifested to be well informed about the health of their child. The presence of psychosocial risk factors during hospitalization should be recognized by health care services for its potential negative effect on behavior, mental and physical health of children(AU)

The Correlation Between Psychosocial Risk Factors And Work Performance In Manufacturing Industry

@#Nature of psychosocial risk as to the unseen hazards in the working population, potentially exposing the workers towards the adverse effect of mental health. Compromising the well- being of mental health could lead to deterioration of work performance. The objective of this study is to analyze the constructed measure of psychosocial risk factors and work performance of manufacturing workers using statistical analysis. Then, the constructed measure is used to find the correlations between the two factors. A set of the questionnaire is administered to 258 manufacturing workers. The questionnaires were adapted and adopted from Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III), NIOSH Generic Job Stress Questionnaire, and Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ 1.0) and the instrument were found to be reliable (Cronbach Alpha value = 0.7 ). After conducting Exploratory Factor Analysis by using Principal Component Analysis, the construct validity to conduct data collection in the manufacturing industry is tested. Using eight factors understudy that already extracted using factor analysis, it is found that there are significant psychosocial risk factors present in the manufacturing industry. As for the association between psychosocial and work performance, it is found that there is a significant association between psychosocial risk factors and work performance. This study is essential to explore the presence of psychosocial risk factors that underlies in the manufacturing industry, which might affect worker performance and well-being. For future research, it is recommended so that this study can be replicated to other manufacturing industry or different types of industries to see the robustness of the developed instruments. At the same time, the issue of psychosocial risk factors and workers' performance also can be identified, and the mitigation can be planned.

Fatores de riscos psicossociais no trabalho: limitações para uma abordagem integral da saúde mental relacionada ao trabalho / Psychosocial risk factors at work: limitations for a comprehensive approach to work-related mental health

Resumo Introdução: os riscos psicossociais são apontados como fatores que podem contribuir ou mesmo desencadear estresse, adoecimento físico e mental nos trabalhadores. Objetivo: contribuir com o debate a respeito das limitações dos fatores de riscos psicossociais no trabalho e refletir sobre a necessidade de uma abordagem ampliada e integral na atenção à saúde mental dos trabalhadores. Métodos: estudo qualitativo baseado em levantamento bibliográfico e análise documental. Realiza-se uma breve contextualização do mundo do trabalho, apresentam-se dados sobre o adoecimento mental dos trabalhadores e as diversas concepções dos fatores de riscos psicossociais presentes na literatura internacional, bem como as orientações fornecidas pela legislação brasileira. Discussão: problematizam-se as avaliações psicossociais na forma como têm sido realizadas no Brasil e as limitações do uso de instrumentos quantitativos. Apresenta-se uma abordagem ampliada e integral para a compreensão do adoecimento dos trabalhadores, apontando para a necessidade de se considerar os diversos elementos políticos, econômicos, sociais, culturais, ambientais e intrapsíquicos no processo de desgaste mental da classe trabalhadora.

Abstract Introduction: psychosocial risks are identified as factors that can contribute or even trigger stress, physical and mental illness in workers. Objective: to contribute to the debate about the limitations of psychosocial risk factors at work and reflect upon the need for an expanded and comprehensive approach to the workers' mental health care. Methods: a qualitative study based on literature review and document analysis. We carried out a brief contextualization of the world of work, presented data on the workers' mental illness and approached the different conceptions of the psychosocial risk factors found in the international literature, as well as the guidelines provided by the Brazilian legislation. Discussion: we discussed the way psychosocial assessments have been carried out in Brazil and the limitations of making use of quantitative tools. We presented an expanded and comprehensive approach to understand the workers' illness process, pointing at the need to consider the various political, economic, social, cultural, environmental and intrapsychic elements in the mental strain of the working class.

Liderazgo, factores de riesgo psicosocial y estrés en la Dirección de Tránsito y Movilidad en Zapotlán el Grande (Jalisco) / Leadership, psychosocial risk factors and stress in the Traffic and Mobility Directorate in Zapotlán el Grande (Jalisco)

RESUMEN Objetivo: El presente trabajo se centra en evaluar algunos factores de riesgo psicosocial como son, organización del tiempo de trabajo, liderazgo y relación, ambiente de trabajo y factores propios de la actividad, así como el estrés y el liderazgo en trabajadores de la Dirección de Tránsito y Movilidad de Zapotlán el Grande. Métodos: Se aplicaron los instrumentos de factores de riesgo de la Norma 035 de México, el cuestionario de liderazgo (MQL) y el cuestionario de estrés de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo y la Organización Mundial para la Salud. Resultados: El nivel de estrés encontrado fue de M = 51.09 (D.E. = 20.97) y el nivel de factores de riesgo psicosociales fue de M = 66.19 (D.E. = 15.53) puntos. El estrés se encontró relacionado con la escala global de factores de riesgo (r = 0.422; p < 0.01). El liderazgo transformacional se correlacionó de manera inversa con factores de riesgo psicosocial (r = -0.642; p < 0.01). Conclusiones: Se encontraron niveles de estrés que pueden no ser dañinos y factores de riesgo propios de la actividad elevados. Los factores de riesgo de ambiente de trabajo, jornada de trabajo, interferencia familia-trabajo y violencia se correlación con el estrés. El liderazgo presentó una correlación inversa con factores de riesgo. Se recomienda realizar una intervención en la población con el fin de brindar un apoyo psicológico, emocional y consejería, con el fin de evitar el estrés y disminuir los factores de riesgo presentes en el trabajo.

ABSTRACT Objective: The present work focuses on evaluating some psychosocial risk factors such as, organization of work time, leadership and relationship, work environment and factors specific to the activity, as well as stress and leadership in management workers of Transit and Mobility of Zapotlán el Grande. Methods: Te risk factor instruments of the Mexican Standard 035, the leadership questionnaire (MQL) and the Stress questionnaire of the International Labor Organization and the World Health Organization were applied. Results: Te stress level found was M = 51.09 (SD = 20.97), and the level of psychosocial risk factors was M = 66.19 (SD = 15.53) points. Stress was found related to the global scale of risk factors (r = 0.422; p <0.01). The leadership transformational was inversely correlated with psychosocial risk factors (r = -0.642; p <0.01). Conclusions: Stress levels that may not be harmful and risk factors characteristic of the activity were found. Risk factors for work environment, work day, family-work interference and violence are correlated with stress. The leadership presented an inverse correlation with risk factors. It is recommended to carry out an intervention in the population in order to provide psychological, emotional and counseling support, in order to avoid stress and reduce risk factors present at work.

Management of psychosocial risks?: An S. O. S in cuban organizations / Gestão de riscos psicossociais?: Um S. O. S em organizações cubanas / ¿Gestión de riesgos psicosociales?: Un S. O. S en organizaciones cubanas

This article aims to motivate reflection on the need to manage risks and psychosocial risk factors within the health and safety systems in Cuban organizations. It is based on the critical analysis of the authors about the Cuban regulatory framework on health and safety, the bibliographic review and the experiences accumulated in consulting work. Several arguments support the need to manage risks and psychosocial risk factors in Cuban organizations. These include: its prevalence as a result of the changes engendered by the organization of work, the harmful consequences for the health of the workers and the organization, the complexity of their management and the lack of knowledge about them displayed by the labor community. All this forces us to give them greater visibility and importance in safety and health management practices, in order to guarantee the sustainability of our organizations.

Este artigo tem como objetivo incentivar a reflexão sobre a necessidade de gerenciar riscos e fatores de risco psicossociais no âmbito dos sistemas de segurança e saúde em organizações cubanas. Baseia-se na análise crítica dos autores sobre o quadro regulamentar cubano para a segurança e a saúde, revisão da literatura e experiência acumulada no trabalho de consultoria. Vários argumentos sustentam a necessidade de gerenciar riscos e fatores de risco psicossociais nas organizações cubanas, incluindo sua prevalência, produto das modificações engendradas pela organização do trabalho, as consequências nefastas para a saúde dos trabalhadores e da organização, a complexidade de sua gestão e a falta de conhecimento sobre eles mostrado pela comunidade de trabalho. Tudo isso requer dar-lhes maior visibilidade e importância nas práticas de gestão de segurança e saúde, a fim de garantir a sustentabilidade das nossas organizações.

El presente artículo persigue motivar la reflexión acerca de la necesidad de gestionar los factores y riesgos psicosociales dentro de los sistemas de seguridad y salud en organizaciones cubanas. Se basa en el análisis crítico de los autores acerca del marco regulatorio cubano en materia de seguridad y salud, la revisión bibliográfica y las experiencias acumuladas en labores de consultoría. Varios argumentos sostienen la necesidad de gestionar los factores y riesgos psicosociales en las organizaciones cubanas. Entre ellos: su prevalencia producto de las modificaciones engendradas por la organización del trabajo, las consecuencias nocivas que conllevan para la salud de los trabajadores y la organización, la complejidad de su gestión y el desconocimiento sobre ellos mostrado por la comunidad laboral. Todo ello obliga a otorgarles mayor visibilidad e importancia en las prácticas de gestión de seguridad y salud, en aras de garantizar la sostenibilidad de nuestras organizaciones.

Síndrome de Burnout en Cuidadores de Pacientes con Discapacidad Infantil / Burnout Syndrome in Caregivers of Patients with Childhood Disability

El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en cuidadores de pacientes con discapacidad infantil de la ciudad de Arequipa. La muestra estuvo conformada por 45 cuidadores (91.42% mujeres y el 8.8% varones) con una edad media fue de 30.26 años (D.E.= 11.42). Se aplicó el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach, de 22 ítems que cuenta con una adecuada evidencia de confiabilidad para personal de salud (α= 0.721). Los resultados reportan que los cuidadores de personas con discapacidad tienen un perfil caracterizado por ser mujeres que son familiares de las personas que tienen a su cuidado, y que presentan altos niveles de agotamiento emocional y baja realización personal. Un 97.6% de personas presentan síndrome de burnout moderado. Asimismo, las mujeres presentan mayor despersonalización que los varones, y mientras las cuidadoras familiares presentan mayor agotamiento emocional, los cuidadores profesionales presentan más baja realización personal. Se concluye que los cuidadores de personas con discapacidad presentan un alto riesgo de padecer síndrome de burnout, manifestándose de manera severa en los niveles de agotamiento emocional y baja realización personal

The aim of this study was to value the prevalence of burnout syndrome in caregivers of patients with disabilities from Arequipa City. The sample was conformed by 45 caregivers (91.42% female and 8.8% male) with and average age of 30.26 years old. We applied the Burnout Maslach Inventory, which has 22 items and three dimensions: exhaustion, cynicism and inefficacy. Its reliability is adequate for health personnel like this case (α= 0.721). The caregivers of patients with disability are women and relatives of the people who are under their responsibility. They also have high levels of exhaustion and inefficacy. Around 97.6% of people sampled have moderate levels of burnout syndrome. Moreover, women present major levels of cynicism than men, and while family caregivers have mayor levels of exhaustion, professional caregivers reach severe levels of inefficacy. We conclude that caregivers of people with disabilities have high risk of having burnout syndrome, which is characterized by severe levels of exhaustion and inefficacy

The Third Version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire

INTRODUCTION: A new third version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) has been developed in response to trends in working life, theoretical concepts, and international experience. A key component of the COPSOQ III is a defined set of mandatory core items to be included in national short, middle, and long versions of the questionnaire. The aim of the present article is to present and test the reliability of the new international middle version of the COPSOQ III.METHODS: The questionnaire was tested among 23,361 employees during 2016–2017 in Canada, Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Turkey. A total of 26 dimensions (measured through scales or single items) of the middle version and two from the long version were tested. Psychometric properties of the dimensions were assessed regarding reliability (Cronbach α), ceiling and floor effects (fractions with extreme answers), and distinctiveness (correlations with other dimensions).RESULTS: Most international middle dimensions had satisfactory reliability in most countries, though some ceiling and floor effects were present. Dimensions with missing values were rare. Most dimensions had low to medium intercorrelations.CONCLUSIONS: The COPSOQ III offers reliable and distinct measures of a wide range of psychosocial dimensions of modern working life in different countries; although a few measures could be improved. Future testing should focus on validation of the COPSOQ items and dimensions using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Such investigations would enhance the basis for recommendations using the COPSOQ III.

Los recursos psicológicos emergentes a partir de una propuesta lúdica para niños en riesgo psicosocial / Psychological resources that emerged in a symbolic proposal for children in psychosocial risk

Estudio exploratorio en el cual se trabajó con 35 niños y niñas en riesgo psicosocial, con edades entre 5 y 12 años, de un barrio del distrito de Aguablanca (Cali, Colombia). La investigación se plantea desde una perspectiva clínico-psicológica. Los maestros y la comunidad consideran que el entorno en el que se encuentra esta población reviste características socioafectivas complejas, con condiciones de violencia, maltrato, drogadicción, embarazos adolescentes, entre otros. Algunos de estos niños presentan comportamientos agresivos o con dificultades en sus procesos de aprendizaje académico, frente a los cuales, sus maestros no encuentran estrategias eficaces para propiciarles condiciones para enfrentar el medio escolar. El objetivo de la investigación se basó en explorar los recursos psicológicos que pueden aflorar en niños en riesgo psicosocial, al participar de una propuesta lúdica, vinculada a valores de vida cultural de una comunidad. Se encontró que esta propuesta propició que los recursos psicológicos emergieran mostrando cambios en el comportamiento y las formas de actuar de los niños involucrados.

This paper is based on an exploratory study, from a clinical-psychological perspective, carried out with 35 children resident of Aguablanca district (Cali, Colombia) at psychological risk between 5 and 12 years old. Teachers and community leaders consider that the environment in which these children live has complex socio-affective features with conditions of violence, physical abuse, drug addiction, and teenage pregnancy, among others. Some of these children present an aggressive behavior or have difficulties in their learning process at school, whereas teachers and community leaders often cannot find effective strategies to offer the right conditions to deal with the school environment. The objective of this study was to explore the psychological resources that may emerge in children considered at psychosocial risk, by participating in a symbolic play linked to their community's cultural life values. It was found that this proposal allowed for the emergence of psychological resources, showing changes in children's behavior and their way of acting.

Trabalhadores de enfermagem: riscos psicossociais em unidades de pronto atendimento e serviços de emergência / Nursing workers: psychosocial risks in emergency care units and emergency services

Esse estudo teve como objetivo geral identificar as evidências científicas sobre os riscos psicossociais aos quais estão expostos os trabalhadores de enfermagem de Unidades de Pronto Atendimento e Serviços de Emergência. Trata-se de um estudo de Revisão Integrativa em que foi realizada a busca nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF e Biblioteca Virtual SciELO. Os descritores utilizados na busca foram: risco psicossocial, enfermagem em emergência e serviços médicos de emergência. De 413 artigos, foram selecionados seis, a maioria de âmbito nacional. Quanto as características dos trabalhadores de enfermagem, identificou-se que a maioria foi constituída por mulheres com nível superior de escolaridade, adultas jovens, casadas/solteiras, trabalhando em turnos alternados, com carga horária de até 40 horas semanais, com ritmo acelerado de trabalho, com tempo de atuação profissional de cerca de cinco anos. Os principais fatores de riscos psicossociais, identificados foram: trabalho de alta exigência; condições laborais inadequadas, de baixo controle e alta demanda; conflitos entre equipes de saúde; falta de motivação; sobrecarga de trabalho; insatisfação profissional; ambientes negativos de trabalho, entre outros. Alguns dos danos à saúde identificados foram: estresse, transtorno mental comum, insônia, mal estar gástrico, angústia, sofrimento, depressão, tristeza, alteração no sono e repouso, fadiga, nervosismo, entre outras. Como proposta para orientação dos trabalhadores de enfermagem, elaborou-se um produto tecnológico na modalidade cartilha intitulada "Riscos Psicossociais e os Trabalhadores de Enfermagem que atuam em Emergência"

This study aimed to identify the scientific evidence on the psychosocial risks to which nursing workers from Emergency Care Units and Emergency Services are exposed. This is an Integrative Review study in which the search of the databases LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF and SciELO Virtual Library was carried out. The descriptors used in the search were: psychosocial risk, emergency nursing and emergency medical services. Of 413 articles, six were selected, most nationwide. Regarding the characteristics of nursing workers, it was identified that the majority were women with a higher educational level, young adults, married / single, working in alternating shifts, with a workload of up to 40 hours a week, with a fast pace of work, with a professional time of about five years. The main psychosocial risk factors identified were: high-demand work; inadequate working conditions, low control and high demand; conflicts between health teams; lack of motivation; work overload; professional dissatisfaction; negative work environments, among others. Some of the health damages identified were: stress, common mental disorder, insomnia, gastric distress, anguish, suffering, depression, sadness, altered sleep and rest, fatigue, nervousness, among others. As a proposal for the orientation of nursing workers, a technological product was developed in the booklet modality entitled " Psychosocial Risks and Nursing Workers that work in Emergency"

Ambiente e integração no processo de desenvolvimento emocional: reflexões a partir do trabalho com crianças em situação de risco psicossocial / Environment and integration in the process of emotional development: considerations based on the experience of working with children at psychosocial / Ambiente e integración en el proceso de desarrollo emocional: reflexiones a partir del trabajo con niños en situación de riesgo psicosocial

O presente artigo apresenta reflexões que puderam ser realizadas com base na teoria winnicottiana a partir da atuação da primeira autora como psicóloga no Núcleo Integrado de Apoio Psicossocial das Varas da Infância e Juventude (NIAPVIJ) do Foro Central da Comarca da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Inicia pela apresentação de uma reflexão sobre a concepção de ambiente na teoria winnicottiana para então oferecer um panorama da proposta municipal de atendimento às crianças em situação de risco, assim como a legislação que sustenta essa proposta. Na sequência, propõe uma reflexão sobre a função do ambiente no desenvolvimento emocional primitivo, tal como postulado por Winnicott, articulando-a ao processo de integração. O personagem literário Humpty Dumpty é utilizado como recurso metafórico para ilustrar esse processo primitivo de organização subjetiva. Finaliza destacando algumas consequências dessas reflexões para nosso trabalho diário.

This article presents considerations based on Winnicott's theory that were originated from the professional experience of the first author as a psychologist at the Psychosocial Unit of a Children's Court in Curitiba. Initially, the concept of environment is presented according to Winnicott's formulations. Following on, an overview of the municipal proposal of care for children at risk is displayed as well as the legislation that underpins this proposal of care. In the sequence, some thoughts on the role of the environment in the primitive emotional development, as proposed by Winnicott, are presented, articulating it to the process of integration. The literary character Humpty Dumpty is used as a metaphorical resource to illustrate this primitive process of subjective organization. It ends by highlighting some consequences of this perception for our daily work.

Este artículo presenta consideraciones que pudieron realizarse en función de la experiencia profesional de la primera autora como psicóloga en la Unidad Psicosocial de un Tribunal de Menores en Curitiba. La teoría de Winnicott fue la base fundadora de las reflexiones propuestas en este documento. Inicialmente, el concepto de ambiente se presenta de acuerdo con las formulaciones de Winnicott. A continuación, se muestra una descripción general de la propuesta municipal de cuidado para niños en riesgo, así como la legislación que respalda esta propuesta de cuidado. En la secuencia, se presentan algunos pensamientos sobre la función del ambiente en el desarrollo emocional primitivo, como lo propone Winnicott, articulándolo al proceso de integración egoica. El carácter literario de Humpty Dumpty se utiliza como un recurso metafórico para ilustrar este proceso primitivo de organización subjetiva. Termina resaltando algunas consecuencias de esta percepción para nuestro trabajo diario.

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para el diagnóstico de riesgos psicosociales en empresas ecuatorianas / Design and validation of a questionnaire for the diagnosis of psychosocial risks in Ecuatorian companies

OBJETIVO: presentar el diseño, construcción y validación de un cuestionario para el diagnóstico de riesgos psicosociales en Ecuador, conformado por 58 ítems que evalúan el riesgo psicosocial a través de 8 dimensiones. Diseño: estudio transversal en 2 fases: (i) diseño del marco conceptual y construcción del cuestionario y; (ii) valoración de la validez y consistencia interna aplicado en una muestra de 3.225 trabajadores de empresas ecuatorianas. Resultados: El cuestionario posee una alta fiabilidad en términos de consistencia interna (Alfa de Cronbach = 0,968) y una adecuación satisfactoria de los datos a la matriz factorial (KMO = 0,980; Bartlett = 93818,0, <0,05). Conclusiones: se recomienda el uso de este cuestionario como instrumento para el diagnóstico preliminar, permitiendo el diseño e implementación de futuros programas de prevención de riesgos psicosociales en empresas de más de 10 trabajadores en el país.

Abstract: Objective: to present the design, construction and validation of a questionnaire for the diagnosis of psychosocial risks in Ecuador, consisting of 58 items that assess psychosocial risk through 8 dimen sions. Design: cross-sectional study in 2 phases: (i) design of the conceptual framework and construction of the questionnaire and; (ii) assessment of the validity and internal consistency applied to a sample of 3.225 workers from ecuadorian companies. Results: The questionnaire has a high reliability in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0,968) and a satisfactory adaptation of the data to the factorial matrix (KMO = 0,980; Bartlett = 93818,0, <0,05). Conclusions: the use of this questionnaire is recommended as an instrument for preliminary diagnosis, allowing the design and imple mentation of future psychosocial risk prevention programs in com panies with more than 10 workers in the country.