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@#The incidence and prevalence of mentally ill destitute in metropolitan Benin, Nigeria has become a subject of public discourse particularly as they appear to lack care and the desired attention from their relatives, society and the government. Apart from the Lunacy Act (1958), Nigeria currently does not have any Act of parliament dealing with mental health and rehabilitation. This study therefore examined the abuse and neglect of mentally ill destitute and the burden of rehabilitation in Benin Metropolis, Southern Nigeria. Though a onetime survey design, the quantitative technique was adopted with the aid of both purposive and snowballing sampling methods to gather data from 610 respondents made up of medical practitioners, nurses, staff of Ministry of Women Affairs, Benin City, care givers and social workers, personnel in traditional and prayer houses, relations, friends and neighbours of mentally ill persons in Benin Metropolis. Informed consent was individually obtained from all the respondents before the commencement of the study. The data collected were analysed with the aid of inferential and descriptive statistics and the three null hypotheses formulated were rejected while the alternate hypotheses were accepted. The study found that mentally ill destitute were not only abused and neglected due to prejudice, beliefs and attitude of the people, but that there were no social or legal policy on their rehabilitation. The findings indicate that enlightenment of the populace should be done to change their negative beliefs, attitude and prejudice against the mentally ill destitute. The government on its part should enact legislation on mental health and rehabilitation.
ABSTRACT
@#The incidence and prevalence of mentally ill destitute in metropolitan Benin, Nigeria has become a subject of public discourse particularly as they appear to lack care and the desired attention from their relatives, society and the government. Apart from the Lunacy Act (1958), Nigeria currently does not have any Act of parliament dealing with mental health and rehabilitation. This study therefore examined the abuse and neglect of mentally ill destitute and the burden of rehabilitation in Benin Metropolis, Southern Nigeria. Though a onetime survey design, the quantitative technique was adopted with the aid of both purposive and snowballing sampling methods to gather data from 610 respondents made up of medical practitioners, nurses, staff of Ministry of Women Affairs, Benin City, care givers and social workers, personnel in traditional and prayer houses, relations, friends and neighbours of mentally ill persons in Benin Metropolis. Informed consent was individually obtained from all the respondents before the commencement of the study. The data collected were analysed with the aid of inferential and descriptive statistics and the three null hypotheses formulated were rejected while the alternate hypotheses were accepted. The study found that mentally ill destitute were not only abused and neglected due to prejudice, beliefs and attitude of the people, but that there were no social or legal policy on their rehabilitation. The findings indicate that enlightenment of the populace should be done to change their negative beliefs, attitude and prejudice against the mentally ill destitute. The government on its part should enact legislation on mental health and rehabilitation.
ABSTRACT
Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are increasingly used for the treatment of psychotic disorders but are known to be associated with metabolic abnormalities. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying the effectiveness of melatonin for the amelioration of AAP-induced metabolic syndrome. The MEDLINE (accessed via PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials, PsycINFO, LILACS, CINAHL, and OpenGrey databases were searched for RCTs without language restrictions. Inclusion criteria were randomized, double-blind clinical trials comparing melatonin or melatonin agonists with placebo for the amelioration of AAP-induced effects at any age with selected components of metabolic syndrome as outcome measures. Two reviewers independently selected articles and assessed quality using Cochrane risk of bias and concealment tools. Of 53 records, five RCTs were eligible for the systematic review and three for the meta-analysis. The meta-analyses showed no statistically significant difference in any anthropometric or metabolic variable considered. Analysis according to psychiatric diagnosis from one RCT showed significant decreases in diastolic blood pressure (5.5 vs. −5.7 mmHg for the placebo and melatonin groups, respectively; p=0.001), fat mass (2.7 vs. 0.2 kg, respectively; p=0.032), and triglycerides (D) (50.1 vs. −20 mg/dl, respectively; p=0.08) in the bipolar group but not the schizophrenia group. Although limited to five RCTs with small sample sizes, evidence from RCT indicates that melatonin improves AAP-induced metabolic syndrome. This beneficial effect seems more significant in patients with bipolar disorder than those with schizophrenia. Further RCTs are needed to definitively establish the potential ameliorative effect of melatonin and to justify its efficacy as an add-on therapy to curtail AAP-induced metabolic syndrome.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antipsychotic Agents , Bias , Bipolar Disorder , Blood Pressure , Melatonin , Mental Disorders , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Psychotic Disorders , Sample Size , Schizophrenia , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
Objective: We carried out a bibliometric study on the scientific papers related to second generation anti-psychotic drugs (SGAs) in Malaysia. Methods: With the SCOPUS database, we selected those documents made in Malaysia whose title included descriptors related to SGAs. We applied bibliometric indicators of production and dispersion, as Price’s law and Bradford’s law, respectively. We also calculated the participation index of the different countries. The bibliometric data were also been correlated with some social and health data from Malaysia (total per capita expenditure on health and gross domestic expenditure on R&D). Results: We found 105 original documents published between 2004 and 2016. Our results fulfilled Price’s law, with scientific production on SGAs showing exponential growth (r = 0.401, vs. r = 0.260 after linear adjustment). The drugs most studied are olanzapine (9 documents), clozapine (7), and risperidone (7). Division into Bradford zones yields a nucleus occupied by the Medical Journal of Malaysia, Singapore Medical Journal, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, and Pharmacogenomics. Totally, 63 different journals were used, but only one in the top four journals had an impact factor being greater than 3. Conclusion: The publications on SGAs in Malaysia have undergone exponential growth, without evidence a saturation point.
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Ocimum sanctum (Lamiaceae) commonly known as tulsi, is well known for its excellent nutritional and medicinal values throughout the world. The present study was undertaken to test the effect of methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves (50, 100 and 200mg/kg, p.o) on psychosis employing Ketamine induced stereotypic behaviour in mice and Pole climbing avoidance in rats. Haloperidol (1mg/kg, i.p.) and Olanzapine (5mg/kg, i.p.) are established antipsychotic drugs used as standard drugs in the present study. Effect of methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves (OS), on brain dopamine levels was also estimated. Methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves (50, 100 and 200mg/kg, p.o), significantly reduced the Ketamine induced falling, weaving, head bobbing and turning behavior in mice. Furthermore, it significantly delayed the latency time taken by the rats to climb the pole. Haloperidol (1mg/kg; i.p.) and Olanzapine (5mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the Ketamine induced stereotypic behavior in mice and condition avoidance behavior in rats. Interestingly, Brain dopamine level was significantly reduced by methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves. These findings, when taken together indicate that methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves possesses anti-psychotic like property.
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@#ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of violence behavior of the psychotics in communities. Methods37 psychotics who used to have violence behavior were investigated with Questionnaire of Characteristics and Associated Factor for Violence Behavior of Psychotics in Communities created ourselves. ResultsThe psychotics suffered violence behavior appeared some peculiarities for the time, place, and dealing with tools, etc. Their mental state, course of disease and treatment were associated with their violence behavior. ConclusionThere is some characteristics in most of the violence behavior of the psychotics, which may be helpful for preventing.
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Investigou-se o comportamento de alternância da fala de 35 participantes psicóticos comparativamente a 35 participantes não-clínicos. Dois observadores treinados observaram-nos interagindo com interlocutores treinados em quatro situações sociais de fazer e receber críticas em desempenho de papéis gravados em vídeo. Variaram-se o tipo de situação e o gênero do interlocutor. Os resultados significativos mostraram que o grupo clínico deixou de alternar sua fala com a do interlocutor com mais freqüência do que o grupo não-clínico e teve mais alternâncias curtas, monossilábicas e apenas com sons, assim como menor número de palavras por alternância. O grupo clínico apresentou maior proporção de alternâncias descontextualizadas e de conteúdo verbal insuficiente, assim como maior número de pausas. Ambos os grupos apresentaram mais distúrbios no momento da alternância ao receber do que ao fazer críticas e alternâncias mais longas frente ao interlocutor masculino. Esses resultados replicam dados de outros pesquisadores em outros contextos culturais e indicam quais dimensões específicas da alternância da fala necessitam ser focalizadas no treinamento de habilidades sociais de pacientes psiquiátricos.
This research has investigated the interaction behavior of 35 psychotics compared to 35 non-clinical participants. Two trained judges have observed them interacting with trained partners in 4 negative assertion role-play situations, regarding giving and receiving criticism, which were videotaped. Types of situations and gender of partners were varied during the procedure. Results indicated the clinical group failed to alternate its speech with its partners more often than the non-clinical group. The clinical group showed greater frequency of very short verbal or vocal responses to their partners interactions. The content of their responses were more totally or partially bizarre. Both groups presented more disruptions regarding the timing of their responses in situations where they were receiving rather then giving criticism. Both groups gave longer verbal responses to male rather than female partners. These results in general replicated data from others researchers and indicated the specific dimensions of interaction behavior need to be addressed in social skills training for psychiatric patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Patients , Psychotic Disorders , Role Playing , Social SkillsABSTRACT
Owing to reasons of social culture, the principle of informed consent is not fully implemented among psychotics. The author introduced the basis and range of application of informed consent, the capacity of informed consent in psychotics, and how to implement the principles also. As mentioned above, the author pointed out the informed consent of psychotics should be regarded.
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Objective:To evaluate the sedative effect and security of propofol on psychotics undergoing modified electroconvulsive treatment(MECT).Methods:Tow hundred and ten psychotics undergoing MECT were treated with propofol for sedation and the treating times for each case were diversely 8 to 15.The changes of HR,MAP,SpO2 were monitored,and respiration and recovery time were observed after propofol was administered.Results:Compared with pre-anesthesia,HR remained the same and MAP significantly decreased after propofol was injected intravenously(P