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Narcotic drugs and class Ⅰ psychotropic substances have always been special management drugs in medical institutions. Although relevant policies and regulations have been introduced at the national level ，there are problems of poor policy understanding and inconsistent implementation in medical institutions in the process of policy implementation. In order to standardize the management of narcotic drugs and class Ⅰ psychotropic substances in medical institutions of Yunnan province ， based on the preliminary research and Delphi expert consultation ，this editing group finally formed the Expert Consensus on Key Links Quality Control Management of Narcotic Drugs and Class I Psychotropic Substances in Medical Institutions of Yunnan Province by focusing on the key aspects of quality control of key links for narcotic drugs and class Ⅰ psychotropic substances in medical institutions ，aiming to provide reference for the clinical use and management of narcotic drugs and class Ⅰ psychotropic substances in medical institutions of Yunnan province.
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Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otras sustancias en su relación con predictores de riesgo para la salud mental, en estudiantes de salud de una universidad pública. Metodología: tipo cuantitativa, descriptiva, transversal. Se seleccionaron 3020 estudiantes de nueve (9) facultades de salud. A través de un muestreo por conglomerados proporcional al número de estudiantes por facultad, se utilizó un cuestionario compuesto de cuatro partes: una con variables sociodemográficas y tres test. Resultados: AUDIT: de los 1726 estudiantes que respondieron la encuesta 80,4 % está en la zona de riesgo I, por lo que se sugiere educación sobre el alcohol; el 0,9 % se ubicó en la zona IV, se aconseja la derivación a especialista. FAGESTRÖM: los que respondieron (n=196), el 88,3 % puntuaron como fumador poco dependiente; el 8,2 % de ellos presentaron riesgo de dependencia. DUSI: en relación con el consumo de sustancias ilícitas, la marihuana tiene el consumo más alto (n=554), el 72,3 % lo hizo de forma experimental; el 8,5 % lo realizó de forma compulsiva. Conclusión: los datos encontrados permitieron ver cifras elevadas de consumo perjudicial, por tal motivo es necesario proponer estrategias de intervención oportunas.
Objective. To describe the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances and its relationship with predictors of mental health in health students from a public university. Materials and methods. Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional. Three thousand twenty students from nine health departments were selected. Cluster sampling is proportional to the number of students per department. A questionnaire of four parts was used: one with sociodemographic variables and three tests. Results. AUDIT: Out of 1726 respondents, 80.4 % were in risk zone I where education on alcohol is suggested and 0.9 % were in zone IV, referral to a specialist; FAGESTRÖM: Of the respondents (n = 196), 88.3 % scored as slightly dependent smokers and 8.2 % had a risk of dependence. DUSI: About the use of controlled substances, marijuana has the highest consumption (n = 554); 72.3 % used it experimentally and 8.5 % did it compulsively. Conclusion. The data revealed high figures of harmful use; therefore, it is necessary to propose timely intervention strategies.
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OBJETIVO: realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura das propriedades psicométricas do ASI. MÉTODO: foram incluídos estudos indexados nas bases de dados Pubmed, PsycInfo, Scielo e Lilacs, que abordavam estudos de avaliação psicométrica da quinta e sexta versão do ASI. RESULTADOS: descritos em categorias classificadas quanto ao número de métodos de análises, mostram manuscritos de diversos países e em diferentes contextos que utilizaram métodos clássicos para as análises de validação e confiabilidade da quinta e da sexta versão do ASI. De uma maneira geral, ambas as versões apresentaram boas propriedades psicométricas, embora algumas áreas, como por exemplo, a área familiar, apresentaram algumas limitações quanto à confiabilidade e a consistência interna. A maioria dos estudos mostra uma correlação moderada entre os escores sumários do ASI e outros instrumentos, não sendo uniformemente alta. Entretanto as áreas álcool e drogas foram as que mais apresentaram altas correlações com outros instrumentos considerados medidas externas. As análises apoiaram a multidimensionalidade do ASI, porém, tiveram algumas exceções. CONCLUSÃO: apesar das limitações, o ASI é utilizado amplamente em todo o mundo, por profissionais de diferentes áreas, psicólogos, enfermeiros, assistentes sociais e psiquiatras. Tem auxiliado clínicos e pesquisadores, contribuindo para a elaboração de um plano terapêutico, determinando as prioridades clínicas, bem como o manejo dessas.
AIM: to perform a systematic literature review of psychometric properties of the ASI. METHOD: were included studies indexed in the databases Pubmed, PsycInfo, Scielo and Lilacs, that approached studies of psychometric evaluation of quinine and sixth version of ASI. RESULTS: described in categories classified according to the number of methods of analysis, show manuscripts from different countries and in different contexts that used classic methods for the validation and reliability analyzes of the fifth and sixth version of ASI. Overall, both versions had good psychometric properties, although some areas, such as the family area, presented some limitations on reliability and internal consistency. Most studies show a moderate correlation between ASI summary scores and other instruments, not being uniformly high. However, the areas alcohol and drugs were the ones that presented the highest correlations with other instruments considered external measures. The analyzes supported the multidimensionality of ASI, however, with some exceptions. CONCLUSION: despite the limitations, ASI is used widely throughout the world by professionals from different fields, psychologists, nurses, social workers and psychiatrists. It has helped clinicians and researchers, contributing to the elaboration of a therapeutic plan, determining the clinical priorities, as well as the management of these.
OBJETIVO: realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre las propiedades psicométricas de ASI. MÉTODO: se incluyeron los estudios indexados en las bases de datos Pubmed, PsycInfo, Scielo y Lilacs, que abordaron los estudios de evaluación psicométrica de quinina y la sexta versión de ASI. RESULTADOS: descritos en categorías clasificadas según el número de métodos de análisis, muestran manuscritos de diferentes países y en diferentes contextos que utilizaron métodos clásicos para los análisis de validación y confiabilidad de la quinta y sexta versión de ASI. En general, ambas versiones tenían buenas propiedades psicométricas, aunque algunas áreas, como el área familiar, presentaban algunas limitaciones en cuanto a confiabilidad y consistencia interna. La mayoría de los estudios muestran una correlación moderada entre los puntajes de los resúmenes ASI y otros instrumentos, que no son uniformemente altos. Sin embargo, las áreas alcohol y drogas fueron las que presentaron las mayores correlaciones con otros instrumentos considerados medidas externas. Los análisis apoyaron la multidimensionalidad de ASI, sin embargo, con algunas excepciones. CONCLUSIÓN: a pesar de las limitaciones, el ASI se usa ampliamente en todo el mundo por profesionales de diferentes campos, psicólogos, enfermeras, trabajadores sociales y psiquiatras. Ha ayudado a clínicos e investigadores, contribuyendo a la elaboración de un plan terapéutico, determinando las prioridades clínicas y el manejo de estos.
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Psychiatry , Psychometrics , Psychotropic Drugs , Weights and Measures , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Reproducibility of Results , Validation StudyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To make proposals to improve narcotics and psychotropic substances(NPS)control in China. METH-ODS:NPS control system of international organizations,the United States,Britain and China were compared in terms of concept, classification,regulatory basis and agency,etc. The suggestions and reference were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:NPS of international organizations,the United States,Britain and China are drug types included in relevant categories,besides ana-leptics,precursor chemicals and other drugs are included in control catalogue by the United States and Britain. NPS are divided in-toⅠ-Ⅳcategories by international organizations,Ⅰ-Ⅴcategories by the United States,A,B,C categories and temporary catego-ry by Britain,and narcotics,first and second class psychotropic substances by China. NPS control basis of the United States,Brit-ain and China are Controlled Substances Act,Misuse of Drugs Act and Regulations on Narcotics and Psychotropic Drugs Control, respectively;major regulation organizations are Controlled Substances Enforcement Administration,Advisory Committee on Drug Abuse subordinated to Ministry of Interior,Special Drug Section under China Food and Drug Administration,respectively;there al-so are differences in the functions of control organization and cooperative units. Considering about the problems of NPS control in China,it is suggested to improve laws and regulations system,establish independent system,extend abuse surveillance network and encourage chronic non-cancer pain therapy.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the development and status quo of international narcotics and psychotropic substances (NPS)control,and to provide evidence for NPS control in China. METHODS:The development and status quo of NPS control by international organization were summarized and studied through retrieving and collecting literatures,reports and policies about NPS from domestic and foreign databases,news reports and international website. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:International narcot-ics control dated back to opium trade with China in 19th century. International narcotics control system was established preliminarily by Shanghai conference and Haiya conference. The end of World War Ⅰ,the establishment of the League of Nations and the sign-ing of a number of international treaties promoted the development of internal control system. Through World War Ⅱ,the establish-ment of the United Nations and the change of international control organization,a number of international treaties were integrated into Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs in the early 1960s,which was used as the foundation of narcotics control system all round the world. In 1970s,the adoption of Convention on Psychotropic Substances meant psychotropic substances were included in the scope of internal control. In 1980s,the signing of United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psy-chotropic Substances marked the establishment of three conventions system of international NPS control. At present,internal NPS control is based on three conventions system and NPS list by Commission on Narcotic Drugs,International Narcotics Control Board and United Nations International Drug Control Program. The vast majority of countries are parties to that. International control orga-nizations and listed control have a great influence on NPS control all round the world.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the development and status quo of narcotics and psychotropic substances (NPS) in China since 1949,and to provide evidence for perfection of NPS control work in China. METHODS:The development and status quo of controlled substances control by China since 1949 were summarized and analyzed through retrieving and collecting literatures,re-ports and policies about NPS from domestic and foreign databases,news reports and related website. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:Chinese narcotics and psychotropic substances control dated back to the release of Interim Regulations on Narcotics Con-trol in 1950 and Regulations on Narcotics Control,Drug Administration Law and other regulations have been issued. It had experi-enced the progress from no legal basis to having laws to follow and from executive-leading to legalization. Narcotics and psychotro-pic substances were gradually unified in systematic control,and the level of regulations rised from department rules to administra-tion regulation. At present,with Regulations on Narcotics and Psychotropic Drugs Control (2005) as regulatory basis and cata-logue of narcotics and psychotropic substances(2013)as object,China Food and Drug Administration are in charge of the national regulation,cooperating with health department,agricultural department,traffic department and other departments.
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Objetivo Desenvolver e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas de uma versão brasileira reduzida do Addiction Severity Index 6 Light (ASI-6 Light) previamente proposta com base em um estudo de validação dos construtos do instrumento e desenvolver os novos escores de cada área do instrumento baseados na Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI). Métodos Foram entrevistados 200 sujeitos, 100 com uso problemático de álcool e outras drogas e 100 sem uso problemático. Foram calculados os escores dos indivíduos com base na TRI. As propriedades psicométricas foram avaliadas pela correlação entre os escores do ASI-6 Light e do Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), padrão-ouro do estudo. Foram avaliados os índices de sensibilidade e especificidade. Resultados Foi encontrada alta correlação entre os escores da área “álcool” do ASI-6 Light e os escores do ASSIST em relação ao álcool (r = 0,79), correlações moderadas em relação ao tabaco (r = 0,47) e cocaína/crack (r = 0,44) e baixa (r = 0,39) em relação à maconha. Ao correlacionarem-se os escores do ASSIST e os escores da área “drogas” do ASI-6 Light, obteve-se alta correlação em relação à cocaína/crack (r = 0,85), correlações moderadas em relação ao tabaco (r = 0,57) e maconha (r = 0,68) e baixa (r = 0,29) em relação ao álcool. A área sob a curva ROC da área “álcool” foi de 0,93 e a da área “drogas” foi de 0,88. Conclusão Boas evidências de validade das áreas “álcool” e “drogas” foram apresentadas. Essa nova versão tornou-se um instrumento de fácil manejo e de rápida aplicação, contendo os itens que melhor avaliam a gravidade de problemas. .
Objective To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a shortened Brazilian version of the Addiction Severity Index 6 (ASI-6 Light), previously proposed from a validation study of the instrument constructs and developing new scores for each instrument area based on the Item Response Theory (IRT). Methods Two hundred subjects were interviewed, 100 with the abuse of alcohol and other drugs and 100 without problematic use. The scores of individuals were calculated from the Item Response Theory. The psychometric properties were evaluated by the correlation between the scores of the ASI-6 Light and Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), the gold standard study. The sensitivity and specificity rates were calculated. Results A high correlation between the scores of the area “alcohol” ASI-6 Light and scores ASSIST regarding alcohol was found (r = 0.79), moderate correlations with tobacco (r = 0.47) and cocaine/crack (r = 0.44) and low (r = 0.39) with respect to marijuana. Correlating ASSIST scores and the scores of the area “drugs” ASI-6 Light obtained a high correlation to cocaine/crack (r = 0.85), moderate correlations with tobacco (r = 0.57) and marijuana (r = 0.68) and low (r = 0.29) compared to alcohol. The area under the ROC curve of area “alcohol” was 0.93 and the area “drugs” was 0.88. Conclusion Good evidence of validity of the area “alcohol” and “drugs” were presented. This new version has become an instrument for easy handling and quick application, containing the items that best assess the severity of problems. .
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of psychotropic substances for outpatients in our hospital.METHODS: The psychiatric substances used in the outpatients between June and December in 2006 were analyzed statistically in respect of the defined daily dose,DDDs and average daily expense etc.RESULTS: Of the total 7 286 prescriptions analyzed,the psychotropic substances prescribed totaled 12 kinds,of which,2 were typeⅠ,and 10 type Ⅱ.Estazolam,Alprazolam and Diazepam ranked at the first three places in terms of numbers of prescriptions;Estazolam,Alprazolam and Clonazepam ranked at the first three places in terms of DDDs;Zolpidem,Midazolam and Alprazolam ranked at the first three places in terms of consumption sum;Nitrazepam,Estazolam and Phenobarbital ranked at the lowest places in terms of average daily expense.CONCLUSION: Of the total psychiatric substances consumed in the outpatients of our hospital,benzodiazepines were used predominantly for their merits of low cost but proved efficacy.
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OBJECTIVE: To strengthen the monitoring on narcotics and the first class psychotropic substances and to enhance the monitoring efficiency. METHODS: The computer network management of the narcotics and the first class psychotropic substances was achieved by using the special drug monitoring system. RESULTS: A real-time dynamic monitoring on the purchasing, marketing, inventory and distribution of narcotics and the first class psychotropic substances was realized, and the legal, safe and rational use of the above-mentioned drugs was guaranteed. CONCLUSIONS: The special drug monitoring system improved the standard computer network management of narcotic and the first class psychotropic substances, meeting the requirements of both our hospital and the related administration institutions to conduct real-time and dynamic monitoring for narcotic and the first class psychotropic substances
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OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the standardization of the management and use of narcotics drug(ND)and psychotropic substances(PS) in medical institutions. METHODS: The problem existing in the management and use of ND and PS in 102 municipal medical institutions sampled from three counties and five districts of Lanzhou were analyzed from aspects of supervision & administration agency for hygiene, medical institution, physicians and pharmacists. Meanwhile, suggestions for the solution of the problem were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The problem existing in the management and use of ND and PS manifested as lack of training and examination for physicians and pharmacists in medical institutions, the concerned personnel’s inadequate understanding of regulations and old-fashioned expertise, inappropriate management, conservative in clinical medication, and irrational in the structure of drug use much as in the private medical institutions and township health centers. Measures should be taken to tackle the problem from the origin so as to standardize the use and management of ND and PS in medical institutions.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the status quo and trend of the application of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances Ⅰ in Yangzhou area.METHODS: The narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances Ⅰ used in 124 hospitals of Yangzhou from 2005 to 2007 were analyzed in respect of consumption sum,DDDs and DDC etc. RESULTS: A total of 13 kinds of narcotic drugs and 4 psychotropic substances Ⅰ were used in the 124 hospitals,and the consumption sum of these drugs increased year on year.Fentanyl remained at the first place in terms of DDDs in each year,Remifentanil Hydrochloride for Injection and Sufentanil Citrate showed an obvious increasing trend in consumption,but the consumption of Bucinnazine Hydrochloride Injection(Tablet),Triazolam and Buprenorphine Hydrochloride Injection decreased to a large extent.CONCLUSION: The use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances Ⅰ in the 124 hospitals in Yangzhou area was basically in line with the standard.However,the DDDs of Pethidine Hydrochloride Injection had all along dominated the front place suggesting that clinicians should attach great importance to the standard treatment of cancer pain.