La colaboración del sector privado en la renegociación del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte. Análisis de la industria automotriz mexicana / The collaboration of the private sector in the North American Free Trade Agreement renegotiation. Analysis of the Mexican automotive industry

Resumen La renegociación del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá inició en 2017 como medida proteccionista de Estados Unidos. La importancia del acuerdo comercial implicó la participación activa del sector privado mexicano a través del mecanismo "Cuarto de Junto", que funciona como órgano de consulta en negociaciones de acuerdos comerciales. La industria automotriz fue un tema sensible, por el grado de integración de las cadenas de suministro y su impacto para la región de Norteamérica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la colaboración del sector privado, de la industria automotriz, en los procesos de consulta pública del gobierno mexicano para la definición de su política de apertura comercial, durante la renegociación del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte. Esta investigación es cualitativa, con alcance descriptivo-exploratorio. Se realizaron 9 entrevistas semiestructuradas a representantes clave del gobierno mexicano, expertos en la disciplina o miembros activos del "Cuarto de Junto". El mecanismo de consulta, a través del "Cuarto de Junto", único en su género, permitió al gobierno mexicano alinear, en gran medida, los intereses del sector privado con los intereses de la política comercial de México. Los acuerdos alcanzados sobre reglas de origen y el incremento en el valor de contenido regional de autopartes si bien exigen mayor participación de la macro región de Norteamérica, otorgan nuevas oportunidades para desarrollar la industria nacional mexicana. La experiencia del sector privado mexicano, las habilidades de negociación e interacción a través del "Cuarto de Junto" y, sobre todo, el intenso cabildeo en Estados Unidos con la cúpula empresarial, legisladores y funcionarios públicos, antes y durante la renegociación, favorecieron al gobierno mexicano para cerrar satisfactoriamente las negociaciones. La transparencia del proceso de consulta pública-privada permitió consolidar alianzas dentro y fuera del país, aunque con retos complejos.

Abstract The renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement between Mexico, the United States and Canada began as a protectionist measure of United States in 2017. The importance of this agreement involved the active participation of the Mexican private sector through the "Side Room" a mechanism that functions as a consulting body for negotiation of international agreements. The automotive industry was a sensitive issue due to the integration level of the supply chains and their impact for the North American region. The objective of this research was to analyze the collaboration of the private sector automotive industry in the public consultation processes of the Mexican government for the definition of Mexico's trade policy during the North American Free Trade Agreement renegotiation period. This is a qualitative research with a descriptive-exploratory scope. Nine semi-structured interviews were carried out with representatives of the Mexican government, experts, or active members of the "Side Room". The "Side Room" consulting mechanism allowed the Mexican Government to align most of the private sector interests to the country's trade policy. Although the agreements reached regarding the rules of origin, and the increment on the regional value content of auto parts may require greater participation from the North American macro region, they allow new opportunities for the development of the domestic industry in Mexico. The experience of the Mexican private sector, the negotiation skills and interaction through the "Side Room" and above all, the intense lobbying in the with the private sector, legislators, and governors before and during renegotiation, had a positive impact for the Mexican government in order to satisfactorily conclude the negotiations. The transparency of the public-private consulting process consolidated alliances inside and outside Mexico, albeit with complex challenges.

Public-Private ICT-Based Collaboration Initiative During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Ehsaas Emergency Cash Program in Pakistan

Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the application of the Pakistani government's ICT-based public-private collaboration strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. This investigation covers the Ehsaas Emergency Cash (EEC) program, from the beginning of the application to receiving of funds, which was developed by a collaborative mechanism involving the Pakistani government, National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA), State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), local commercial banks and the telecom sector. By investigating the EEC via the case study method, this paper provides insights to policymakers on how to replicate similar strategies in various country contexts via leveraging public-private collaboration, ICT technologies, and policymaking. This study contributes the COVID-19, ICT, e-government, and public-private collaboration literature via providing insight about current events and a model based on the case presented.

What is needed for the success of national responsibility for dementia

Dementia is a chronic, disabling illness which is most feared by elderly people. Dementia causes heavy caregiver burden on the family. Dementia also imposes much burden on the society, making it one of the major public health problem in many countries. Actually, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development recommended to pose a priority to dementia management as a public health task. As the Korean population is rapidly aging, there is a rapid increase of people with dementia in Korea. In Korea, the people with dementia doubles every 15 years, and the economic burden of care for dementia doubles every 10 years. To cope with this rapidly increasing burden of dementia, Korean government has launched: plan for national responsibility for dementia. The plan is composed of distributing dementia reassuring center nationwide, setting up dementia reassuring hospital, and decreasing the burden of paid money for medical treatment and long-term care for dementia. The major hurdles in implementing the plan and the strategies to overcome such hurdles by public-private collaboration are suggested.

Current Status of Tuberculosis in Korea / 대한내과학회지

Tuberculosis is still a serious communicable disease in Korea. The prevalence of tuberculosis had been rapidly decreased in past by the country widely expanded national control program, improvement of nutrition and development of medical services. However, decline of tuberculosis is recently stagnated because of increase of aged population and the prevalence of other chronic disease such as diabetes. The registry number of new tuberculosis patients was 36,305 and 2,365 cases were died of tuberculosis in 2010. Proportion of retreatment cases which is caused by the improper patient care is much higher than other countries. Public-private collaboration system to improve management of tuberculosis patients treating from the private sector has been recently implemented. However, directly observed treatment which is known as an international standard of patient care and adopted by the most of the countries have to be implemented to accelerate the decline of tuberculosis morbidity and improve patient care.

A Public-Private Collaboration Model for Treatment Intervention to Improve Outcomes in Patients with Tuberculosis in the Private Sector / 결핵및호흡기질환

BACKGROUND: The treatment success rates in patients with tuberculosis are known to be lower in the private sector compared to the public sector. To improve treatment outcomes in the private sector we developed a public-private collaboration model for strengthening health education and case holding activities with public health nursing in the private sector. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study in new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated at private hospitals, selected by non-randomization, with an intervention consisting of health education and case holding activities by specially trained public health nurses (intervention group) results were compared with cases treated without the intervention (conventional group). Physicians were asked to treat both groups routinely. The treatment outcomes of patients under treatment by the National Tuberculosis Programme were also analyzed for comparison. RESULTS: There were 172 cases each in the intervention and conventional groups. The mean age was 48.9+/-19.0 and 48.2+/-19.7 in the respective groups (p=0.66). The PHN interacted with the cases in the intervention group by initial face to face interview and telephone calls an average of 7.1+/-9.2 times during the initial six months. The intervention group showed a significantly higher treatment success rate, 91.6%, (Rate Ratio [RR]; 1.23, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]; 1.12~1.36), lower default, 3.6%, (RR; 0.31, 95% CI; 0.13~0.75) and transfer-out rate, 3.0%, (RR; 0.32, 95% CI; 0.12~0.86) than the conventional group where they were: 75.0%, 11.6%, 9.3%, respectively. The success rate was even higher than the rate (80.5%) of 1,027 cases treated in health centers (RR; 1.11, 95% CI; 1.05~1.17). Of the completed cases in the intervention group, 82.2% regarded the role of the public health nurse as very helpful. CONCLUSION: The treatment success rate, of tuberculosis patients in the private sector, was significantly improved by an intervention using a public-private collaboration model.