Actinic cystitis associated with urinary tract infection by Candida glabrata as a differential diagnosis of pudendal neuralgia. Case report / Cistite actínica associada à infecção de trato urinário por Candida glabrata como diagnóstico diferencial de neuralgia do pudendo. Relato de caso

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic pelvic pain is still a little-known syndrome with different etiological agents, high morbidity rate, with little information about its etiopathogenesis, which makes its treatment difficult, with symptoms that significantly impact the patient's quality of life. Among the conditions that lead to chronic pelvic pain, actinic cystitis stands out, a complication of pelvic radiotherapy. This pathology presents signs, symptoms, and complications similar to pudendal neuralgia. The objective of this report is to present one of the etiologies of chronic pelvic pain and its treatment. CASE REPORT: Sixty-three-year-old male patient who sought medical care with a history of chronic pelvic pain attributed to pudendal neuralgia. The diagnosis was actinic cystitis, resulting from pelvic radiotherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma and urinary tract infection by Candida glabrata, an opportunistic fungal agent. The patient was treated with fluconazole with total control of the painful symptoms and significant improvement in the quality of life. CONCLUSION: A case report with total pain control in a patient with an initial diagnosis of pudendal neuralgia, who after the clinical evaluation, imaging tests, cystoscopy, and lab tests was diagnosed with actinic cystitis associated to the urinary tract infection by Candida glabrata.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor pélvica crônica é uma síndrome ainda pouco conhecida, com diferentes agentes etiológicos, com alta morbidade, com poucas informações sobre sua etiopatogênese, dificultando seu tratamento, com sintomas que impactam de modo significativo a qualidade de vida do paciente. Entre as inúmeras causas está a cistite actínica, complicação da radioterapia pélvica, que apresenta sinais, sintomas e complicações semelhantes à neuralgia do pudendo. O objetivo deste relato foi apresentar uma das etiologias da dor pélvica crônica e seu tratamento. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 63 anos, que procurou o serviço médico com história de dor pélvica crônica atribuída à neuralgia do pudendo. Foi feito o diagnóstico de cistite actínica causada por radioterapia pélvica para tratamento de adenocarcinoma de próstata e infecção de trato urinário pelo agente fúngico oportunista Candida glabrata, e instituído tratamento com fluconazol com controle total da sintomatologia dolorosa e melhora acentuada da qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Relato de caso com controle total da dor em paciente que apresentava diagnóstico inicial de neuralgia do pudendo, que após avaliação clínica, imaginológica, cistoscópica e laboratorial foi diagnosticado com cistite actínica associada à infecção de trato urinário por Candida glabrata.

Radiofrecuencia pulsada para tratamiento de neuralgia de nervio pudendo bajo guía ultrasonográfica: a propósito de dos casos / Radiofrequency pulsed for treatment of neuralgia of nervio pudendo under ultrasonographic guide: a purpose of two cases

INTRODUCCIÓN: La neuralgia de nervio pudendo (NNP) se presenta como un dolor neuropático intenso, ardiente y difuso en la zona perineal, acompañado en ocasiones de hipoestesia, alodinia, hiperalgesia, sensibilidad dérmica, parestesia y entumecimiento que empeora el dolor en sedestación. Es un síndrome subdiagnosticado que, en ocasiones, se presenta refractario al tratamiento farmacológico y fisiátrico. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la eficacia de la radiofrecuencia pulsada (RFP) guiada por ultrasonido para el tratamiento de dolor crónico, realizada a dos pacientes con NNP refractarios a tratamiento conservador. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Siendo positivo el bloqueo diagnóstico realizado con 0,5-1 ml de lidocaína al 2 por ciento, se practicó RFP bajo guía ecográfica a 2 pacientes (1 femenina de 36 años y 1 masculino de 54 años) con diagnóstico de NNP (según criterio de Nantes) y se realizó seguimiento a 1 semana y a 1 mes del procedimiento, observando la evolución del dolor mediante la utilización de la escala visual análoga (EVA), calidad de vida según lo informado en consulta y evolución en la ingesta y dosis de medicamentos. RESULTADOS: Luego del procedimiento la reducción del dolor fue significativa en ambos casos, en la paciente 1 (femenina) la EVA pasó de 10/10 (preoperatorio) a 1/10 a una semana del procedimiento y desapareció por completo al mes, retirándose en su totalidad la medicación indicada para la NNP. Asimismo, la paciente manifestó mejora en la calidad de vida, al no tener ya dolor durante el coito. Por su parte, en el paciente 2 (masculino), el dolor se redujo en un 50 por ciento registrándose un EVA que pasó de 8/10 (preoperatorio) a 4/10 a la semana y al mes de realizado el procedimiento. En su caso, al no haber desaparecido por completo el dolor, continuó tomando la medicación indicada (duloxetina 30 mg) y refirió poder sentarse con comodidad, ya sin el dolor intenso que lo aquejaba en esta posición, pudiendo incluso realizar un viaje de larga distancia. DISCUSIÓN: La RFP es un procedimiento efectivo en aquellos pacientes correctamente diagnosticados de neuralgia del nervio pudendo según el criterio de Nantes, refractarios a tratamiento farmacológico y/o fisioterápico, practicada por profesionales con entrenamiento y/o experiencia en la técnica de radiofrecuencia pulsada así como en el manejo de ultrasonido para ubicar sonoanatómicamente el nervio pudendo, en un ámbito seguro para la realización del procedimiento.

INTRODUCTION: The pudendal neuralgia is presented as a neurophatic pain that is intense, burning, difusse in the perineal area, sometimes accompanied by hypoesthesia, allodynia, hyperalgesia, dermal sensitivity, paresthesia and numbness that worsens by sitting. It ́s a syndrome underdiagnosed that can sometimes be refractory to traditional management like pharmacological or physical therapy. OBJECTIVES: Test the effectiveness of pulsed radiofrecuency by ultrasound-guided treatment of cronic pain done to two patients with pudendal neuralgia that were refractory to the conservative treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As the diagnostic block done with 0,5-1 ml with 2 percent of lidocaine gave a positive outcome, we perform a pulsed radiofrecuency by an ultrasound-guide to two patients (36 year old female and a 54 year old male) with pudendal neuralgia diagnosted according to Nantes criteria and a tracing of 1 week and 1 month of the procedure was performed observing the pain evolution through visual analogue scale, quality of life according to the as reported in consultation and evolution in the intake and dose of medications. RESULTS: The reduction of pain was significant in both cases, in patient 1 (female) the VAS went from 10/10 (preoperative) to 1/10 to a week of the procedure and disappeared completely to 1 month, with the medicines completely withdrawn indicated for pudendal neuralgia. The female patient (1) showed improvement in the quality of life by not having pain during intercourse. On the other hand, in patient 2 (male), the pain was reduced by 50 percent, registering an EVA that went from 8/10 (preoperative) to 4/10 to 1 week and 1 month after the procedure was performed. In his case, since the pain had not completely disappeared, he continued to take the indicated medication (duloxetine 30 mg) and referred to be able to sit comfortably, without the intense pain that afflicted him in this position, even being able to travel long distances. DISCUSSION: Pulsed radiofrequency is an effective procedure in those patients correctly diagnosed with pudendal neuralgia according to the Nantes criterion, refractory to pharmacological and / or physiotherapeutic treatment, practiced by professionals with training and / or experience in the pulsed radiofrequency technique as well as in the management of ultrasound to locate the pudendal nerve sonoanatomically, in a safe environment for carrying out the procedure.

Pudendal Nerve Entrapment Syndrome due to a Ganglion Cyst: A Case Report

Pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome is an unusual cause of chronic pelvic pain. We experienced a case of pudendal neuralgia associated with a ganglion cyst. A 60-year-old male patient with a tingling sensation and burning pain in the right buttock and perineal area visited our outpatient rehabilitation center. Pelvis magnetic resonance imaging showed the presence of multiple ganglion cysts around the right ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament, and the pudendal nerve and vessel bundle were located between the ischial spine and ganglion cyst at the entrance of Alcock's canal. We aspirated the lesions under ultrasound guidance, and consequently his symptoms subsided during a 6-month follow-up. This is the first report of pudendal neuralgia caused by compression from a ganglion cyst around the sacrospinous ligament.

Ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve pulsed radiofrequency in patients with refractory pudendal neuralgia: Three cases report

Pudendal neuralgia is characterized by severe sharp pain along the innervation area of pudendal nerve, which may be worsened when sitting position. Successful pudendal nerve block is crucial to the diagnosis of pudendal neuralgia. Although fluoroscopy-guided pudendal nerve blocks have traditionally been performed, recently ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve blocks were reported. For the long term effect of nerve block, pulsed radiofrequency was performed under fluoroscopic guidance in some reports. We report our successful experiences of three cases using ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency.

Excitación sexual permanente y síndrome doloroso pelviano por lesión del nervio pudendo poshisterectomía / Permanent sexual arousal and pelvic pain syndrome by pudendal nerve injury after histerectomy

Introducción: el síndrome de atrapamiento del nervio pudendo fue descrito por Gérard Amarenco en 1987. Obedece a múltiples causas y tiene como denominador común la presencia de dolor neurítico genital, perineal y anal, acompañado de forma variable por síntomas de la esfera sexual, urinaria o defecatoria. Es poco conocido en el ámbito clínico y se confunde frecuentemente con otras entidades. Objetivo: sensibilizar a los profesionales de la salud en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome de atrapamiento del nervio pudendo y su impacto en la calidad de la vida y la sexualidad. Métodos: se aplicó el método clínico mediante la realización de una anamnesis detallada y un examen físico exhaustivo, con énfasis en el suelo pélvico, además de la realización de exámenes complementarios. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica especializada. Resultados: la anamnesis y el examen físico conllevaron al diagnóstico presuntivo de lesión del nervio pudendo. Se evidenció la presencia de lesión bilateral del nervio pudendo mediante estudios electrofisiológicos. Conclusiones: el caso que se presenta muestra lesión bilateral del nervio pudendo secundaria a la realización de una histerectomía. Se documenta la aparición de dolor neuropático que genera un aparente aumento del deseo sexual con un incremento de la actividad sexual en una mujer posmenopáusica. Se destaca la necesidad de prevenir las lesiones del nervio durante las cirugías pelvianas y su impacto en la sexualidad.

Introduction: the Pudendal Nerve Entrapment Syndrome was described for the first time by Gérard Amarenco in 1987. It is caused by several etiologies and is characterized by neuritic pain located in the genital, perineal, and anal areas. Sexual, urinary and fecal dysfunctions could accompany the pain. It is often misdiagnosed in the clinical setting. Objective: to sensitize the health care provider on the diagnosis and treatment of the Pudendal Nerve Entrapment Syndrome and its impact on sexual health. Methods: the clinical method was applied by performing a detailed history and a thorough physical examination, with emphasis on the pelvic floor, in addition to further examination. A specialized literature review was conducted. Results: the history and physical examination entailed the presumptive diagnosis of pudendal nerve injury. This study revealed the presence of bilateral pudendal nerve injury by electrophysiological studies. Conclusiones: this case shows bilateral pudendal nerve injury, after performing a hysterectomy. The development of neuropathic pain generating an apparent increase in sexual desire with increased sexual activity in a postmenopausal woman is documented. The need to prevent nerve injury during pelvic surgery and its impact on sexuality is highlighted.

Infiltración de nervio pudendo guiada por tomorafía axial computada, por vía transglútea: terapia frente al dolor ocasionado por neuralgia del nervio pudendo / Transgluteal computed tomography-guided infiltration of the pudendal nerve: therapy for pain caused by neuralgia of the pudendal nerve

ANTECEDENTES: La neuralgia del nervio pudendo pocas veces es sospechada y menos diagnosticada. Por esta razón, las pacientes que la padecen, consultan múltiples veces antes de llegar a un diagnóstico definitivo. OBJETIVO: Revisar la seguridad y eficacia de la infiltración de nervio pudendo, en el tratamiento del dolor en pacientes con neuralgia del nervio pudendo. MÉTODO: Seguimiento prospectivo de cinco pacientes ingresadas bajo el diagnóstico de síndrome de atrapamiento del nervio pudendo. La edad media de las pacientes fue 45 años. Debían tener 2 criterios mayores o 1 criterio mayor asociado a 2 criterios menores. Dolor con al menos 6 meses de evolución. Sin tratamientos previos. A todas se les realizó encuesta de síntomas y signos de atrapamiento del nervio pudendo. Todas fueron infiltradas con corticoides y anestésico, guiada por tomografía axial computada. Se comparó el dolor antes y después de la infiltración con escala de 0 a 10. RESULTADOS: No hubo complicaciones durante el procedimiento. Todas disminuyeron el dolor después de la infiltración, y señalaron estar conformes con los resultados. CONCLUSIÓN: La infiltración del nervio pudendo guiada por tomografía axial computada, es una técnica segura y eficaz, en el control o disminución del dolor pelviano, ocasionado por neuralgia del nervio pudendo. Sólo el seguimiento permitirá evidenciar la mantención de los buenos resultados, o la necesidad de repetir la infiltración o de realizar cirugía de descompresión.

BACKGROUND: The pudendal neuralgia infrequently is suspected and diagnosed. Therefore the patients who suffer it consult manifold times before arriving at a definitive diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To review the security and effectiveness of the pudendal nerve infiltration in the pudendal neuralgia treatment. METHOD: Prospective study of five patients under entrapment pudendal nerve syndrome diagnosis. The media age was 45 years old. All patients must have 2 greater criteria or 1 greater criteria associate to 2 smaller criteria. The pain must have an evolution of at least 6 months. They must not have antecedent of infiltration or surgery like treatment of this syndrome. A questionnaire of entrapment pudendal nerve syndrome was applied. The infiltration was with corticoids and anesthetic guided by CT scan. The patients classified their pain with a subjective scale; in which 0 is the pain absence and 10 is the maximum pain. The pain was compared before and after infiltration. RESULTS: Complication did not appear during the infiltration procedure. In one patient an asymmetry in the spine corresponding to the side of pain was observed. All patients diminished the pain after the infiltration. All indicated to be in agreement with the results. CONCLUSION: The pudendal nerve infiltration guided by CT scan is safe and effective technique in the treatment or diminish of the pudendal neuralgia. Only the follow-up will allow demonstrating the good results, or the necessity to repeat the infiltration, or the necessity of decompression surgery.