ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence of pulmonary fungal infection and drug resist-ance of the pathogenic fungi among children with severe diseases in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU). Methods From July 2013 to June 2017,the complete clinical data,results of fungal culture and drug sensi-tivity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 112 critically ill children with pulmonary fungus infection of PICU hospitalization in our hospital were collected. Samples of peripheral venous blood were collected meantime, including blood routine examination,C reactive protein,G test and GM test. Results One hundred and twen-ty-six fungi were isolated from sputum samples in 112 critically ill children. Severe pulmonary infection (30. 36%,34/112) was the most common form of the primary diseases, the next were severe sepsis (16. 07%,18/112)and severe malnutrition(15. 18%,17/112). Classified based on age difference,the first one was ＜1 year old (43. 75%,49/112),the second one was 1 to 3 years old(29. 46%,33/112). The fun-gal strains were predominantly Candida albicans (61. 90%) and Candida tropicalis (16. 67%),among the infectious cases 14 were diagnosed as mixed infection. Two cases of 3 cryptococcal infectious children were HIV infection,another one was malignant tumor,Cryptococcus was cultured in both sputum,pleural effusion and cerebrospinal fluid. The drug resistance rate of fluconazol in 126 strains of fungi was 12. 70%,the rate of itraconazole was 7. 14%. Generally,the fungi cultured were with very low resistance to 5-fluorocytosine,vori-conazole and amphotericin B. However,the strains of Aspergillus fumigates,Candida kruse,Candida parapsi-losis and Cryptococcus were highly resistant to fluconazol and itraconazole,but with very low resistance to 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B. Conclusion Candida albicans is the main pathogenic fungus of pulmo-nary fungal infection among children in PICU,and we could choose voriconazole and amphotericin B as treat-ment of critically ill children with pulmonaty fungal infection.