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Background: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common and a high-risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to identify students who are at risk of developing HTN with positive parental history of HTN and to compare the effects of isotonic exercise on cardiovascular parameters among the students with and without positive history of parental HTN. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 students participated in the study out of which 21 students had positive history of parental HTN with at least one parent having history of HTN and 29 students had negative history of parental HTN. Baseline pulse rate (PR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the participants were recorded. Then, all the participants performed Harvard step test for 3 min. The SBP, DBP, and PR were measured immediately after stopping the exercise and after 3 min and after 5 min of stopping the exercise. Data were statistically analyzed using unpaired t-test and ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: PR recorded after 3 min of stopping of exercise was significantly higher in the participants with positive parental history of HTN than the other group. SBP recorded immediately and after 3 min and after 5 min of stopping exercise was significantly higher in the participants with a positive history of parental HTN as compared to the other group. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in DBP between the two groups. Conclusion: Students with positive parental history may have relatively higher risk of developing HTN in future as an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise was observed in them in this study.
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Background: The term “stress” was first coined by the endocrinologist Hans Selye in the year 1930’s. Stress causes imbalance in the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions which can lead to disturbance in the body homeostasis. Medical education in India is vast, extensive and is more stressful. During undergraduate course medical students have to undergo many examinations such as internal assessment and university examinations, examination is one of the most common stressor for students. As performance in examinations determines the future of students, it is important for medical educators to know the prevalence, and causes, of stress among students at different time intervals. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the influence of examination stress on 1st MBBS students of BRIMS, Bidar from there admission (no examination) to final university examination on blood pressure and pulse rate. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted after obtaining the Ethical clearance from the institutional research and ethical committee of Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar. The study is carried out in the department of Physiology, BRIMS, Bidar. Out of 150 1st year MBBS students, healthy 102 students aged 17 to 20 years were selected for the study after following the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. After recording basic physical characteristics, Hemodynamic parameters such as Pulse Rate (Beats per minute), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) were recorded in three sessions, 1st session 1 month after the admission, 2nd session 6–8 days before 1st internal assessment, and 3rd session 6–8 days before final university examinations. The values obtained were analyzed by using t-test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Results revealed that there was statistically significant increase in the values of pulse rate (bpm), SBP (mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) in the study subjects when non examination period (1st session) was compared with the values of before 1st internal assessment (2nd session) and before final university examination (3rd session). Conclusion: Thus our study concluded that the values of pulse rate, SBP, and diastolic blood pressure were observed to be higher before 1st internal assessment and before university examinations when compared with after 1 month of their admission to college (i.e., no examination time).
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Background: Students entering medical college find it difficult to cope with the burden of studies and go into depression. They cannot maintain their study habits as before due to extreme tiredness and fatigue following their regular classes. Aim and Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the physical fitness status of male and female medical students. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 students, 35 male and 35 female, were selected randomly from the first two phases of this college. Their age, height, weight, and BMI were recorded. Their resting pulse rate was recorded after 15 min of resting. Then, each was made to undergo the Modified Harvard Step Test for 5 min or till exertion. Then, their immediate post-exercise pulse rate was recorded. VO2max was calculated and compared to find the physically fit group. Results: We found from the study that female students were similar to males in age, weight, and resting pulse rate. The height and maximum pulse rate post-exercise are more in males and BMI more in females and VO2max was found more in males. Conclusion: The male students are more physically fit than females and can cope with the different strenuous situations better than females. Females need to do regular exercise to increase their fitness.
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the physical characteristics among national level kabaddi players of different geographical regions in India. Another purpose of the study was to ?nd out the physiological characteristics among national level kabaddi players of different geographical regions in India. Methods: The subjects for the study were selected from the 150 male national level kabaddi players. 50 subjects were selected from coastal area, 50 subjects were selected from non-coastal area and while another 50 subjects was selected from hilly area. The age level of subjects was range from 20 to 25 years. All the subjects were residing at different geographical regions in India. A stand and progressive matrices organizational selected physiological characteristic is (Vital Capacity, Respiratory Rate, Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate). To ?nd out signi?cant different of physiological characteristics among national level kabaddi players of different geographical regions in India, the one-way analysis of variance was used. The level of signi?cance was set at .05 levels. The result reveals the one-way analysis of variance that there was signi?cant (p>.05) for Results And Discussion: physiological characteristics (Vital Capacity, Respiratory Rate, Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate) among national level kabaddi players of different geographical regions in India.
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Introduction : Globally healthcare systems are jeopardized due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A fast and simple triage is very important for effec?ve u?liza?on of health care resources. We propose a new tool is for severity assessment of pa?ents at the ini?al point of care. Objec?ve: To propose a scoring method for fast triage of COVID 19 pa?ents in predic?ng the level of care required by the pa?ent Methods: The SCIP score is for pa?ents who have been tested posi?ve for COVID-19. This scoring system is useful to segregate the pa?ents into different level of care based on values of clinical parameters like Pulse rate (PR), Respiratory rate (RR) and arterial blood oxygen satura?on. The risk score ranges from 1 to 10. Lower the score more severe is the disease and hence more intense care is warranted. Result: Preliminary observa?on of SCIP scoring criteria is based on ten pa?ents. On retrospec?ve analysis it was observed that the level of care required by the pa?ents was in correspondence with the score obtained by the SCIP formula. Conclusion: SCIP scoring system is an easy and rapid tool which may be helpful in early detec?on of severity and taking fast decision in the ?me of crisis due to COVID 19. Valida?on in more number of pa?ents is required to establish the findings.
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Background:Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is one of the most common and serious complication of type 2 diabetesmellitus (DM). Pulse rate variability (PRV) is a simple and non-invasive indicator of cardiac autonomic functions. Aim:To assess and compare the cardiac autonomic functions using PRV in type2 diabetes patients and normal individuals.Material And Methods:The study included 38type2 diabetic individuals and 37 healthy controls. Five minutes PRV was recorded in all the subjects. PRV indices, namely standard deviation of Normal to Normal(SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), total power (TP)and ratio of low to high frequency power of PRV, were calculated.Result:All parameters were summarised using median and interquartile range. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare median differences in all the parameters between the two groups. Statistically significant differences (p?0.05) were found inSDNN,RMSSD, TP, low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) parameters. Median SDNN of controls was 91.8ms with an interquartile range of (58.03 –236.55)ms and in diabetics median SDNN was 21.15ms with an interquartile range of (16.07 –26.92)ms. In controls median total power was 3904ms2 with an interquartile range of (3267 –5370 )ms2. In cases median total power was 1025.50ms2with an interquartile range of (492 –1250) ms2.Conclusion:Decrease in PRV indicates the presence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in diabetics. Therefore PRV can be used as a simple, non-invasive method for assessing cardiac autonomic function in diabetic individuals.
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@#Introduction: Music of varying tempo or beats have physiological as well as adverse effects on the body. This study throws light on the influence of upbeat music on properties of radial pulse, in healthy young adults. Methods: One hundred and seventy-five students between the age of nineteen and twenty-four years were included in this study. The experiment was conducted in a room, devoid of any external disturbances. Subjects were made to listen the chosen upbeat music for 4 minutes using a headphone. The radial pulse was measured before and immediately after the experiment. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software version 16.0.Results: In this study we observed that normal mean pulse rate was 76 per minute in males and 72 per minute in female young adults. Following the auditory stimulation with upbeat music, rise in pulse rate was observed in more than 70% of subjects. Whilst, 24% showed a decrease pulse rate and 5% showed no change in pulse rate. Increased pulse rate was associated with decrease in amplitude of pulse wave but no change in rhythm and character of the pulse when compared to resting state. Conclusion: This study indicates that the music can increase the pulse rate in the majority of the subjects but also decreases the pulse rate in few individuals. This study provides the preliminary evidence to promote the music therapy in many preventive programs for patients with depression, patients with depressed cardiac functioning and useful in improving daily performances.
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Background: Tobacco can be consumed as cigarettes and also as smokeless tobacco. Smokeless tobacco is a harmful tobacco product that contains over 3,000 chemicals, 7 including 28 known carcinogens (cancer-causing agents). Various forms of smokeless tobacco (mainly snuff and chewing tobacco) cause an immediate increase in heart rate and blood pressure. However, the relationship between smokeless tobacco uses on blood pressure remains unknown, especially in tertiary level hospitals. Our aim is to find out the smokeless tobacco use influence on cardiovascular parameters, for instance, pulse rate and blood pressure. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess cardiovascular changes among adult male smokeless tobacco (ST) users. For this purpose, 50 male respondents were selected. The participants were selected from the medicine outpatient department of Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh. Pulse rate and blood pressure were measured and ST uses behavior was assessed using self-reports. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS20. Results: In this study, the mean (±SD) of pulse rate was 83.2±12.3 beats/min. The mean (±SD) of systolic blood pressure was 158.72±24.84 mm of Hg and the mean (±SD) of diastolic blood pressure was 98.78±9.87 mm of Hg in smokeless tobacco users. Conclusion: Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in smokeless tobacco users in the tertiary level hospital. However, the mean pulse rate was within the normal range.
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Introduction: Propofol is an anaesthetic drug which is given toinduce and maintain anaesthesia in adults undergoing surgery.This prospective, randomized, controlled study was designedto evaluate the efficacy of cisatracurium as a pretreatment drugin reducing incidence and severity of propofol injection pain.Material and methods: Patient undergoing generalanaesthesia were randomized in four groups of 25 patientseach. Group A received normal saline (control group), GroupB received Cisatracurium 0.05mg/kg IV, Group C receivedCisatracurium 0.1mg/kg IV, Group D received Cisatracurium0.15mg/kg IV. All drugs were administered into the largestdorsal vein of the hand with venous occlusion for 30 sec,followed by propofol (0.5mg/kg). Pain was evaluated usinga four point scale.Result: Cisatracurium 0.15mg/kg significantly lowers bothincidence and severity of propofol induced pain. Cisatracurium0.1mg/kg and cisatracurium 0.05mg/kg both significantlylower the severity of pain but not the incidence as comparedto control group.Conclusion: Cisatracurium is an effective drug in reducingpropofol induced pain. It reduces the incidence and severityboth of pain in 0.15mg/kg dose. Whereas only severityis decreased with 0.10 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg dose ofcisatracurium without any significant complications.
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A photoplethysmograph (PPG) is a simple medical device for monitoring blood fl ow and transportation of substances in the blood. It consists of a light source and a photodetector for measuring transmitted and refl ected light signals. Clinically, PPGs are used to monitor the pulse rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and blood vessel stiff ness. Wearable unobtrusive PPG monitors are commercially available. Here, we review the principle issues and clinical applications of PPG for monitoring oxygen saturation.
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Blood Pressure , Blood Vessels , Heart Rate , Oxygen , Photoplethysmography , Respiratory Rate , TransportationABSTRACT
This article describes the design of a portable blood oxygen simulation system that can be used to simulate various blood gas saturation states of the human body. The system can be used to simulate various states of blood gas saturation, and can also simulate large blood oxygen saturation dynamic range, pulse rate range and perfusion index range. It can be used for testing, but not for clinical examination instruments. Moreover, the system has the characteristics of small size and low cost compared with the commercial blood oxygen simulator. Although the simulation system is not directly used for the detection of blood gas saturation of patients, it is also an essential equipment in the production and testing process, so it has certain practical value.
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Humans , Heart Rate , Oximetry , OxygenABSTRACT
The extraction of pulse rate variability(PRV) in daily life is often affected by exercise and blood perfusion. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of detecting pulse signal and extracting PRV in post-ear, which could improve the accuracy and stability of PRV in daily life. First, the post-ear pulse signal detection system suitable for daily use was developed, which can transmit data to an Android phone by Bluetooth for daily PRV extraction. Then, according to the state of daily life, nine experiments were designed under the situation of static, motion, chewing, and talking states, respectively. Based on the results of these experiments, synchronous data acquisition of the single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and the pulse signal collected by the commercial pulse sensor on the finger were compared with the post-auricular pulse signal. According to the results of signal wave, amplitude and frequency-amplitude characteristic, the post-ear pulse signal was significantly steady and had more information than finger pulse signal in the traditional way. The PRV extracted from post-ear pulse signal has high accuracy, and the accuracy of the nine experiments is higher than 98.000%. The method of PRV extraction from post-ear has the characteristics of high accuracy, good stability and easy use in daily life, which can provide new ideas and ways for accurate extraction of PRV under unsupervised conditions.
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Humans , Ear , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Fingers , Heart Rate , Monitoring, Ambulatory , Motion , PulseABSTRACT
In this study, we propose a novel method for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) detection using a piezo-electric sensor. OSA is a relatively common sleep disorder. However, more than 80% of OSA patients remain undiagnosed. We investigated the feasibility of OSA assessment using a single-channel physiological signal to simplify the OSA screening. We detected both snoring and heartbeat information by using a piezo-electric sensor, and snoring index (SI) and features based on pulse rate variability (PRV) analysis were extracted from the filtered piezo-electric sensor signal. A support vector machine (SVM) was used as a classifier to detect OSA events. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated on 45 patients from mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups. The method achieved a mean sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 72.5%, 74.2%, and 71.5%; 85.8%, 80.5%, and 80.0%; and 70.3%, 77.1%, and 71.9% for the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. Finally, these results not only show the feasibility of OSA detection using a piezo-electric sensor, but also illustrate its usefulness for monitoring sleep and diagnosing OSA.
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Humans , Heart Rate , Mass Screening , Methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Sleep Wake Disorders , Snoring , Support Vector MachineABSTRACT
Background: Music has been used in exercise classes for many decades. The role of music in increasing the exercise performance is well recognized but there is very little information about effect of music on post-exercise recovery time. Methods: The present study was conducted to see the effect of musical sounds on post-exercise recovery time following moderate exercise with Harvard step test in young healthy volunteers. 30 young healthy volunteers (17 males, 13 females) aged between 17 to 20 years were recruited for the study. Pulse rate, systolic BP, diastolic BP were recorded prior to exercise in lying down position. The participants were subjected to moderate exercise by Harvard step test for 3 minutes on 3 consecutive days. They were allowed to rest in silence on 1st day, rest with hearing slow music on 2nd day and rest with hearing fast music on 3rd day. During the post-exercise relaxation time PR, SBP and DBP were measured immediately and after every 1 min. until the parameters returned to resting values. Data was statistically analysed using ANOVA test and 0.05 level of significance was set prior to the study. Results: The result showed that with slow music, recovery time of pulse rate (5.2 ± 2.1), systolic blood pressure (3.9 ± 1.1) and diastolic blood pressure (3.2 ± 1.7) were significantly faster as compared to both no music and fast music. Conclusion: The study concluded that music hastens post-exercise recovery and slow music has greater relaxation effect than fast or no music.
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Introducción: la frecuencia del pulso es un indicador directo del estado del sistema cardiovascular, además de ser un indicador indirecto de la energía gastada en la ejecución de una tarea. El pulso de una persona es el número de pulsaciones registradas en una arteria periférica por unidad de tiempo, que se manifiesta como una onda de presión que se mueve a lo largo de los vasos sanguíneos, los cuales son flexibles. "En las grandes ramas arteriales, su velocidad es de 7 a 10 m/s y en las arterias pequeñas, de 15 a 35 m/s". Materiales y métodos: el fin de este estudio fue evaluar la frecuencia cardíaca, utilizando la técnica de registro de la frecuencia del pulso, el consumo de oxígeno y la observación de la actividad de trabajo para la estimación de la carga de trabajo en una tarea de manipulación de carga para tres situaciones: levantar/trasladar/depositar; antes, durante y después de la tarea, se registra la frecuencia del pulso para 24 jóvenes voluntarios (10 mujeres y 14 hombres) en condiciones de laboratorio. Simultáneamente, se realizó un registro del gesto de trabajo y de las estrategias de levantamiento, movilización y depósito de la carga. Resultados: se observó un incremento entre la FP inicial y final en los dos grupos y para las dos tareas; se registra, igualmente, una diferencia en el aumento de las pulsaciones para la carga de 17,5. El 75% de los participantes experimenta un incremento de la FP por encima de 100 lat./min. Para los 25 kg, los valores registrados indican valores superiores a 114 lat./min y, para los 17,5 kg, valores superiores a 128 lat./min. Conclusión: la frecuencia del pulso es un método que se recomienda por su simplicidad de uso para el personal operativo, supervisores y gerentes, así como para los ingenieros industriales no entrenados en el método fisiológico, también puede ser utilizado por higienistas industriales.
Introduction: The pulse rate is a direct indicator of the state of the cardiovascular system, in addition to being an indirect indicator of the energy expended in performing a task. The pulse of a person is the number of pulses recorded in a peripheral artery per unit time; the pulse appears as a pressure wave moving along the blood vessels, which are flexible, "in large arterial branches, speed of 7-10 m/s in the small arteries, 15 to 35 m/s". Materials and methods: The aim of this study was to assess heart rate, using the technique of recording the frequency of the pulse, oxygen consumption and observation of work activity in the estimation of the workload in a load handling task for three situations: lift/transfer/deposit; before, during and after the task the pulse rate is recorded for 24 young volunteers (10 women and 14 men) under laboratory conditions. We performed a gesture analysis of work activity and lifting and handling strategies. Results: We observed an increase between initial and final FP in both groups and for the two tasks, a difference is also recorded in the increase in heart rate of 17.5 for charging 75% of the participants experienced an increase in FP above 100 lat./min. Par 25 kg, registered values indicate greater than 114 lat./min and 17.5 kg than 128 lat./min values. Conclusion: The pulse rate method is recommended for its simplicity of use for operational staff, supervisors and managers and industrial engineers not trained in the physiology method can also be used by industrial hygienists.
Introdução: a frequência do pulso é um indicador direto do estado do sistema cardiovascular além de ser um indicador indireto da energia gastada na execução de uma tarefa. O pulso de uma pessoa é o número de pulsações registradas em uma artéria periférica por unidade de tempo; o pulso se manifesta como uma onda de pressão que se move ao longo dos vasos sanguíneos, que são flexíveis. "Nos grandes ramos arteriais, sua velocidade é de 7 a 10 m/s e nas artérias pequenas de 15 a 35 m/s". Materiais e métodos: o fim deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência cardíaca, utilizando a técnica de registro da frequência do pulso, o consumo de oxigeno e a observação da atividade de trabalho para a estimação da carga de trabalho em uma tarefa de manipulação de carga para três situações: levantar/trasladar/depositar; antes, durante e depois da tarefa se registra a frequência do pulso para 24 jovens voluntários (10 mulheres e 14 homens) em condições de laboratório. Simultaneamente se realizou um registro do gesto de trabalho e das estratégias de levantamento, mobilização e depósito da carga. Resultados: observou-se um incremento entre a FP inicial e final nos dois grupos e para as duas tarefas; registra-se igualmente, uma diferença no incremento das pulsações para a carga de 17,5 o 75% dos participantes experimenta um incremento da FP por cima de 100 lt/min. Para os 25 KG, os valores registrados indicam valores superiores a 114 lt/ min e para os 17,5 KL g valores superiores a 128 l/min. Conclusão: a frequência do pulso é um método que se recomenda por sua simplicidade de uso para o pessoal operativo, supervisores e gerentes, assim como os engenheiros industriais não treinados no método isiológico; também pode ser utilizado por higienistas industriais.
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Humans , Heart Rate , Oxygen Consumption , Data Collection , Workload , Observation , Energy MetabolismABSTRACT
The present study was conducted in chronic open angle glaucoma patients to evaluate their efficacy in reducing IOP and their cardiovascular safety. 48 newly diagnosed patients of glaucoma completed the trial. Patients were divided into three groups and received medications in form of topical instillations. Group I (Timolol 0.5% twice a day), Group II (Brimonidine Tatrate 0.2% twice a day) & Group III (Latanoprost 0.005% once a day) for 12 weeks. All the three medications, significantly decreased IOP (P<0.05), however, Latanoprost caused maximum decrease in IOP, followed by Brimonidine and Timolol. Visual Acquity was not affected by any of the medication. Pulse Rate and PR Interval were decreased in Timolol group significantly (P < 0.001) while Brimonidine and Latanoprost did not alter Pulse Rate. Blood Pressure was not affected by either of medication except Brimonidine which caused reduction in systolic Blood Pressure at 12 weeks. The results of present study demonstrates superiority of Latanoprost over Timolol and Brimonidine as it lacked effect on Pulse Rate, Blood Pressure and HR, besides being more efficacious.
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Pulse rate is known to be related to diverse phenotypes, such as cardiovascular diseases, lifespan, arrhythmia, hypertension, lipids, diabetes, and menopause. We have reported two genomewide significant genetic loci responsible for the variation in pulse rate as a part of the Korea Association Resource (KARE) project, the genomewide association study (GWAS) that was conducted with 352,228 single nucleoride polymorphisms typed in 8,842 subjects in the Korean population. GJA1 was implied as a functionally causal gene for pulse rate from the KARE study, but lacked evidence of replication. To re-evaluate the association of a locus near GJA1 with pulse rate, we looked up this signal in another GWAS conducted in a Health Examinee-shared cohort of 3,703 samples. Not only we were able to confirm two pulse rate loci (1q32.2a near CD46 and 6q22.13c near LOCL644502) identified in the KARE GWAS, we also replicated a locus (6q22.31c) near GJA1 by the lookup in the Health Examinee GWAS. Considering that the GJA1-encoded protein is a major component of cardiac gap junctions, a functional study might be necessary to validate its genuine molecular biological role in the synchronized contraction of the heart.
Subject(s)
Female , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Cardiovascular Diseases , Cohort Studies , Contracts , Gap Junctions , Genetic Loci , Genome-Wide Association Study , Heart , Heart Rate , Hypertension , Korea , Menopause , PhenotypeABSTRACT
Pulse rate is known to be related to diverse phenotypes, such as cardiovascular diseases, lifespan, arrhythmia, hypertension, lipids, diabetes, and menopause. We have reported two genomewide significant genetic loci responsible for the variation in pulse rate as a part of the Korea Association Resource (KARE) project, the genomewide association study (GWAS) that was conducted with 352,228 single nucleoride polymorphisms typed in 8,842 subjects in the Korean population. GJA1 was implied as a functionally causal gene for pulse rate from the KARE study, but lacked evidence of replication. To re-evaluate the association of a locus near GJA1 with pulse rate, we looked up this signal in another GWAS conducted in a Health Examinee-shared cohort of 3,703 samples. Not only we were able to confirm two pulse rate loci (1q32.2a near CD46 and 6q22.13c near LOCL644502) identified in the KARE GWAS, we also replicated a locus (6q22.31c) near GJA1 by the lookup in the Health Examinee GWAS. Considering that the GJA1-encoded protein is a major component of cardiac gap junctions, a functional study might be necessary to validate its genuine molecular biological role in the synchronized contraction of the heart.
Subject(s)
Female , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Cardiovascular Diseases , Cohort Studies , Contracts , Gap Junctions , Genetic Loci , Genome-Wide Association Study , Heart , Heart Rate , Hypertension , Korea , Menopause , PhenotypeABSTRACT
Stress is inevitable in today’s world however people are different in the way they cope with stress. This study investigated the variable response to stress by the 1ST M.B.B.S. students during their 1ST credit examination. Thirty three male students participated in the study. They were divided into 2 groups, Group I- having less than 6 hours sleep, Group II-having more than 6 hours sleep before exam. Pulse rate was significantly higher in both the groups pre- examination (88±8.4 vs.78±4.47/min and 83.26± 9.96 vs 75.26±9.21/ min) Pre examination Systolic (118±7.27 vs 110±7.37mmHg) as well as Diastolic Blood Pressure (77.89±5.47 vs 72.1±5.05 mmHg) was significantly higher in group II. However the same was not significantly different in group I. On comparing the two groups pre exam none of parameters were significantly different while post exam only systolic BP was significantly higher in group I. Marks obtained in 3 subjects by two groups were not significantly different. Students vary in their response to stress as reflected in the sleep hours, reading habits & cardiac responses. Students having an abnormal sympathetic nerve activity at rest & in response to stressor, may be more susceptible to hypertension in future. The students should be screened and those showing sustained BP response should be followed up periodically.
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Objective To study the effect of acupuncture on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate of patients with different diseases. Methods Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate of 106 patients older than 18 without history of needling during the last month, were measured before and immediately after every treatment session. Also history of hypertension, history of needling and acupoints were recorded for every patient. Results After acupuncture, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate significantly decreased comparing to the levels before acupuncture (P<0.01). History of needling and hypertension did not affect the outcome of acupuncture on BP and PR (P>0.05) . There is a correlation between acupuncture in some acupoints and blood pressure or pulse rate (P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Conclusion Acupuncture in some acupoints has certain effects on blood pressure and pulse rate.