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Objective@#This study aimed to explore and analyze the correlation between pulse pressure index (PPI), body mass index (BMI), and cerebral hemodynamics and evaluate their significance in early screening for stroke.@*Methods@#The subjects were selected from those who had completed the cerebral blood flow function test in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January to December 2018. First, basic information and disease history of the respondents were obtained through on-site questionnaire survey. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured, and BMI, pulse pressure, PPI, and mean arterial pressure were calculated. Meanwhile, cerebral hemodynamic monitoring was completed. Individuals with cerebral hemodynamic indexes ≥75 were classified as normal cerebrovascular function group and those with cerebral hemodynamic indexes <75 as abnormal group. This study divided the PPI into three subgroups: high, medium, and low. According to the Chinese Adult Overweight and Obesity Prevention and Control Guidelines, the BMI was divided into too low, normal, overweight, and obese. The correlations of PPI and BMI with cerebral hemodynamics in different groups were calculated and compared.@*Results@#A total of 12 375 subjects, aged (52.6±7.3) years, were included in the study, consisting of 7 275 men (58.79%) and 5 100 women (41.21%). There were 9 900 patients (80.00%) in the normal group and 2 475 patients (20.00%) in the abnormal group. The abnormal rate of cerebral hemodynamics was higher in the Han nationality； those with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, those with abnormal cerebral hemodynamic indicators had a higher BMI, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure and PPI, mean arterial pressure was higher than the normal group (all P<0.001). In different PPI groups, the average blood flow, average velocity, maximum velocity, minimum velocity, and critical pressure level of the left and right sides showed a downward trend with the increase in PPI. Peripheral resistance, pulse wave velocity, characteristic impedance, dynamic resistance, and difference between diastolic and critical pressure all showed an upward trend with the increase in PPI. In different BMI groups, the average blood flow in the obese group on the left side was lower than that in the underweight, normal, and super recombination groups. The average blood flow in the obese group on the right side was lower than that in the normal and super recombination groups and higher than that in the subhypoxia group. The mean, maximum, and minimum velocities of the left and right sides decreased with the increase in BMI. The differences in peripheral resistance, pulse wave velocity, characteristic impedance, dynamic resistance, critical pressure level, diastolic blood pressure, and critical pressure showed an increasing trend with the increase in BMI, and the differences of the above indicators were statistically significant (all P <0.001).The results of unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Han nationality, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, PPI, and BMI were the main risk factors for abnormal cerebral hemodynamics. The higher the PPI and BMI, the higher the risk of abnormal cerebral blood flow.@*Conclusion@#The higher the PPI and BMI, the higher the possibility of abnormal cerebral hemodynamic indexes. Extremely high PPI and BMI should be paid greater attention.
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Objective To investigate the correlation of endothelial function variation with pulse pressure index in Uygur acute coronary syndrome patients in Xinjiang. Methods Uygur patients were divided into acute coronary syndrome group (n=208) and control group (n=157) according to their Coronary angiography results. Height, weight and blood pressure were measured on admission and basic medical history were recorded. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), three acyl glycerin (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were ex-amined using fasting venous blood;Plasma Coagulation FactorⅧ(CFⅧ) and von Willebrand factor(vWF)were examined using ELISA. Results There are no statistical difference in age, gender, history of hypertension, diabetes history, history of smoking, drinking, body mass index, PPI, HDL-C and FBG between two groups. The systolic pressure, diastolic blood pres-sure, pulse pressure, TG, TC, LDL-C and vWF, CFⅧlevels in acute coronary syndrome group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The levels of plasma vWF and CFⅧwere positively correlated with pulse pressure and PPI, it also was positively correlated between the levels of plasma vWF and CFⅧ(P<0.01). Conclusion The endothelial func-tion was significantly impaired in Xinjiang Uygur patients with acute coronary syndromes, and vascular endothelial damage was positively correlated with pulse pressure and PPI. The pulse pressure and PPI can be used to evaluate the vascular endo-thelial function indirectly.
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Objective To assess the relationship between ambulatory pulse pressure (PP),pulse pressure indices (PPI) and the severity of cognitive function.Methods Sixty patients with severe,moderate,mild vascular cognitive impairment(VCI) as the research object,and forty healthy people as control group.All of the patients of ambulatory blood pressure were monitored.Results Severe VCI group of PP and PPI was significantly higher than moderate,mild VCI group and the control group (PP (mmHg):(59.10 ± 11.82,54.94 ± 10.86,50.28 ±8.33,45.54±9.22,P＜0.05),PPI:(0.61±0.08,0.53±0.06,0.44±0.05,0.37±0.03,P＜0.05),and the MMSE score was significantly lower than moderate,mild,and the control group(15.56±2.64,19.32±3.32,22.62±3.11,26.45±2.94,P＜0.05).Moderate VCI group of PP and PPI was significantly higher than the control group(P＜0.05).MMSE score was significantly lower than mild VCI and the control group(P＜0.05).Linear correlation analysis showed that PP and PPI was significantly negative related to MMSE score.Conclusion The increase of dynamic pulse pressure,pulse pressure index is associated with the damage of cognitive function.
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Objective To observe the indicative function of pulse pressure(PP)and PP index(PPI)on early renal damage in patients with hypertension.Methods Eighty old aged patients with hypertension and renal damage were selected as group A,60 old aged patients with hypertension as group B,and 30 old aged healthy people as group C.PP and PPI were examined in all groups,and early renal damage index was examined in group A.Results The rates of PP ≥ 60 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)and PPI ≥0.5 in group A were significantly higher than those in group B and group C[70.0％(56/80)vs.41.7％(25/60)and 26.7％(8/30),75.0％(60/80)vs.43.3％(26/60)and 23.3％(7/30),P＜0.05].In group A,there were significant differences between PP ≥ 60 mm Hg patients and PP＜60 mm Hg patients in beta 2 microglobulin(β 2-MG),microalbuminuria(MAU),high-density lipoprotein(HDL),low-density lipoprotein(LDL)and homocysteine protease inhibitors C(Cys-C)[(13.23±3.22)mg/L vs.(12.03±2.32)mg/L,(56.6±13.2)mg/24 h vs.(42.7±12.3)mg/24 h,(1.9±1.2)mmol/L vs.(2.2±1.3)mmol/L,(2.6±1.2)mmol/L vs.(2.9±1.3)mmol/L,(2.01±0.80)mg/L vs.(1.21±0.90)mg/L,P＜0.05],but there was no significant difference in serum uric acid(SUA)and serum creatinine(SCr)(P＞0.05).There were significant differences between PPI ≥0.5 patients and PPI＜0.5 patients in β 2-MG,SCr,MAU,LDL and Cys-C[(10.53±2.43)mg/L vs.(14.00±2.15)mg/L,(97±22)μmol/L vs.(82±16)μmol/L,(52.5±12.4)mg/24 h vs.(40.7±11.3)mg/24 h,(2.2±1.2)mmol/L vs.(2.7±1.3)mmol/L,(1.91±0.90)mg/L vs.(1.23±1.10)mg/L,P＜0.05],but there was no significant difference in SUA and HDL(P＞0.05).Conclusions The rates of PP ≥ 60 mm Hg and PPI ≥ 0.5 in hypertension with renal damage are significantly higher than those in simple hypertension and healthy people.PP and PPI can be served as the indexes of early renal damage,and it should be cautious on this kind of patients.
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@#Objective To evaluate the relationship between the early renal injury and the pulse pressure or pulse pressure index in hypertension patients. Methods The pulse pressure (PP) and the pulse pressure index (PPI) in 96 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were calculated and the urine β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), the urine α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), albumin were detected.Results The urine β2-MG, the urine α1-MG and albumin in patients with PP>65 mmHg were higher than those with PP≤65 mmHg （P<0.05）; The urine β2-MG and the α1-MG, albumin in patients with PPI>0.5 were higher than those with PPI≤0.5 （P<0.05）. While the patients with renal injury complicated with a higher PP or PPI than those without renal injury （P<0.05）. Conclusion The renal injury is more severe in patients with higher pulse pressure and pulse pressure index.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and pulse pressure index (PPI) in elderly hypertensive patients.PPI was defined as 24 h mean pulse pressure(PP)/24 h mean SBP.Methods One hundred and three elderly hypertensive patients were categorized by PPI level:group A (PPI
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between the Coronary Artery Score (CAS) and pulse pressure index (PPI). Methods Coronary angiography was performed in 711 patients, of whom 470 were male and 241 female, and whose age ranged from 30-82 (61.28?8.44) years. Brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (pp) and PPI were measured. The severity of coronary artery lesions was analyzed by quantitive computer analysis system (QCA) to acquire CAS. Results Age, sex, BMI, SBP, PP, PPI, Ao, the history of essential hypertention, the history of type 2 diabetes, HDL-C were significantly related to CAS. In a Logistic multivariate analysis, PPI and Ao were significantly related to CAS (?=0.041～0.149, P=0.000). Conclusion PPI and Ao are closely related to CAS. They are predictors for patients with coronary artery disease and the results can be used in clinical indication.