Preliminary study on antibacterial activity of artemisinin and its derivatives / 中国中药杂志

In this study,in order to detect the antimicrobial activity of artemisinin and its derivatives artesunate and dihydroartemisinin,two methods including broth dilution and plate punching method were used to detect the antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria(Escherichia coli)and gram-positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus)of artemisinin,dihydroartemisinin and artesunate at various concentrations within 5 mmol·L~(-1)and at four time points(8,16,24,32 h).Two antibacterial positive drugs,streptomycin against E.coli and penicillin against S.aureus,were used as positive controls.Plate punching method showed that,unlike the results of 5 mmol·L~(-1)dihydroartemisinin or artesunate,no inhibition zone was detected at the same concentration of artemisinin after 24 h-treatment against E.coli.Broth dilution method showed that,the antibacterial activity of dihydroartemisinin against E.coli.was stronger than those of both artesunate and artemisinin;IC_(50)at24 h-treatment was 155.9μmol·L~(-1)for dihydroartemisinin,370.0μmol·L~(-1)for artesunate and none for artemisinin.Interestingly,dihydroartemisinin and artesunate showed the strongest antibacterial activity between 16-24 h,while artemisinin showed relatively stronger antibacterial activity between 8-16 h.Dihydroartermisinin showed no antibacterial activity against S.aureus.Above all,the antibacterial activity of artemisinins against E.coli is dihydroartemisinin>artesunate>artemisinin.Artemisinin and its derivatives have showed different antibacterial kinetics,and no antibacterial activity against S.aureus.has been detected with dihydroartemisinin.

Effect of blood circulation punching apparatus on vital signs and thrombus of lower extremity veins in patients with cerebrovascular disease and hypertension / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the effect of blood circulation punching apparatus on important vital signs and thrombus of lower extremity veins in stable blood pressure and normal cardiopulmonary function patients with cerebrovascular disease and hypertension and to evaluate safety and effectiveness of the apparatus for these patients.Methods We treated 30 patients with cerebrovascular disease and hypertension by blood circulation punching apparatus for 3 days,2 times per day,30 minutes per time.We monitored vital signs of these patients 15 minutes pre-,intra-and post-treatment.The thrombus of lower extremity veins and adverse reactions were observed during the treatment.Results We compared systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,pulse and breathe of patients 15 minutes pre-,intra-and post-treatment respectively.We didn't find any significant differences between these parameters.No patient had thrombus of lower extremity veins and adverse reactions in the hospital.Conclusion The blood circulation punching apparatus is suitable for cerebrovascular and hypertension patients with stable blood pressure and normal cardiopulmonary function and can prevent thrombus of lower extremity veins effectively.

Clinical Observation of Blood Circulation Punching Apparatus in Spinal Cord Injured Patients with Hypotension / 中国康复理论与实践

@# Objective To explore the effect of the Blood Circulation Punching Apparatus in the blood pressure of the spinal cord injury(SCI) patient with hypotension.Methods 28 patients with spinal cord injury were divided into two groups, the treatment group and the control group. The blood pressure was recorded before and after treatment, then changes of the blood pressure were compared.Results Both diastolic and systolic blood pressure increased in two groups（P<0.05）. Though no significant difference was found between two groups before treatment, significant difference was found between two groups after treatment（P<0.05）.Conclusion The Blood Circulation Punching Apparatus could improve the blood pressure of SCI patients with hypotension significantly.

The effect of cortical punching on the expression of OPG, RANK, and RANKL in the periodontal tissue during tooth movement in rats / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cortical punching could stimulate the expression of OPG, RANK, and RANKL during tooth movement by immunohistochemistry. METHODS: 34 sprague-dawley rats (15 weeks old) were allocated into 3 groups: TMC group (experimental group; Tooth Movement with Corticotomy, n = 16), TM group (control group; Tooth Movement only group, n = 16), and non-treatment group (n = 2). 20 gm of orthodontic force was applied to rat incisors by inserting elastic bands. The duration of force application was 1, 4, 7 and 14 days. A microscrew (diameter 1.2 mm) was used for cortical punching of the palatal side of the upper incisors in the TMC group. RESULTS: Distributions of OPG, RANK, and RANKL were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. OPG, RANK and RANKL were observed on experimental and control groups. On the compression side, the degree of the expression of OPG decreased in both groups. The expression of RANK was most prominent in the experimental group of day 4. The expression of RANKL was most intensive and extensive in the experimental group of day 7. However, the expression of OPG was decreased in the experimental and control groups compared to the non treatment group. The expression of OPG, RANK and RANKL after force application were decreased at day 14. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that cortical punching might stimulate remodeling of alveolar bone during a 2 week period of tooth movement without any pathologic change.

The expression of MMP-1, -8, and -13 mRNA in the periodontal ligament of rats during tooth movement with cortical punching / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether cortical punching stimulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, -8, and -13 in orthodontic tooth movement in rats. METHODS: A total of 32 male sprague-dawley rats at 15 weeks old were divided into two groups of 16 rats each, to form the tooth movement with cortical punching (TMC) group and tooth movement only (TM) group. A total of 20 gm of orthodontic force was applied to rat incisors to cause experimental tooth movement. Cortical punching was performed on the palatal side near the central incisor with a 1.0 mm width microscrew in the TMC group. The duration of tooth movement was 1, 4, 7, and 14 days. RESULTS: Measurements of the mRNA expression were selected as the means to determine the identification of expression of MMP-1, -8, and -13. In the TMC group, the expression of collagen type I was greater than that of the TM group from day 4 to day 14. Expression of TIMP-1 in the TM group was greater than that of the TMC group in the pressure side of PDL and alveolar bone cell at day 4. In the TMC group, TIMP-1 was expressed at the osteoclast, but not at the tooth surface of the TM group at day 14. Maximum induction of the mRNA of MMP-1 was observed on day 4 in the TMC group, but it was observed on day 7 in the TM group. MMP-8 mRNA of the TMC group was twice greater than that of the TM group at 4 days. In the TMC group, maximum induction of MMP-13 mRNA was observed on day 1. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that cortical punching can stimulate remodeling of PDL and alveolar bone connective tissues during experimental orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

Fractures of the Wrist and Hand after Punching Injury / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns and results of treatment of fractures of the hand and wrist after punching injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed 91cases of fractures of the hand and wrist after punching injury in 67 patients from January 1998 to September 2002. The mean follow-up was 18 months. The mean age was 25.7 years old, ranging from 11 years old to 41 years old. The results were evaluated by modified criteria of Bruce and Maudsley. RESULTS: The most common fractures were metacarpal base fractures (42.9%), and the second most common fractures were distal metacarpal fractures (19.8%). Metacarpal base fractures were usually combined with dislocation of carpometacarpal joint, especially in the fourth and fifth metacarpal bone and single fifth metacarpal bone (29.7%). There were a few complications of limitation of motion (4 cases), pain (1 case), angular deformity of distal metacarpal bone (1 case), malunion of metacarpal shaft (2 cases) and nonunion of metacarpal shaft (1 case). There were excellent results in 84 cases, good in 4 cases and fair in 3 cases. CONCLUSION: The most common fractures after punching injury were metacarpal base fractures, especially the forth and fifth metacarpal bone. Distal metacarpal and metacarpal shaft fractures were mostly single fractures. There were diverse patterns of fracture-dislocation of the hand and wrist after punching. We must be careful to evaluate combined injury when a patient visits after punching injury.

Mechanism of Scanhoid Fracture / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Elucidation of the mechanism of fracture seems to be important to prevent to it and determin the position on immobilization most conducive to union. The scaphoid is more susceptable to injury than any of other carpal bones due to its position in bridging the proximal and distal raws of carpal bones and the mechnism of fracture has been a subject of considerable controversy. Reviewing 20 cases of scaphoid nonunion, we incidentally had found that 4 patients had the history of striking a punch bag with the heads of the second and third metacarpals (Punching injury), and a review of the literatures failed to find any reports of such an injury as a mechanism of fracture. On a scale, the wrist was subjected to progressive loading via the heads of the second and third metacarpals and lateral roentgenograms of the wrist were obtained at Okg, 20kg and 35kg and we measured the carpal angles. With progressive loading there is a volar flexion of proximal carpal raw and the volar flexion of scaphoid is smaller than that of lunate. We believed that the violent impact applied at the second and third metacarpal heads forced the scaphoid into the position of extreme dorsiflexion as compared with lunate, so compression force is exerted on the dorsal side of scaphoid and tension on volar side leading the fracture of scaphoid. We also recognized that the fracture of the scaphoid could be occurred by the compression and shearing force of capitate and the bending force of volar radiocapitate ligament.