Method exploration of telephone follow-up in clinical research / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Telephone follow-up is one of the important ways to follow up patients. High-quality follow-up can benefit both doctors and patients. However, clinical research-related follow-up is often faced with problems such as time-consuming, laborious and poor patient compliance. The authors belong to a team that has been committed to the study of patient-reported outcomes for a long time. The team has carried out long-term follow-up of symptoms, daily function and postoperative complications of more than 1 000 patients after lung cancer surgery, and accumulated certain experience. In this paper, the experience of telephone follow-up was summarized and discussed with relevant literatures from the aspects of clarifying the purpose of clinical research follow-up, understanding the needs of patients in follow-up, and using follow-up skills.

Introduction of the national technical plan for monitoring occupational health literacy of key population groups in 2022 / 中国职业医学

Occupational health literacy refers to the awareness and ability of workers to obtain basic knowledge of occupational health, practice healthy working styles and lifestyles, prevent the risk of occupational and work-related diseases, and maintain and promote their own health. In 2022, for the first time, China carried out nationwide monitoring for occupational health literacy of key populations. The National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention was responsible for technical support, formulating the National Technical Plan for Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring and Intervention of Key Populations, and formulating relevant requirements and specifications for monitoring purposes, monitoring scope and objects, sampling methods, monitoring content and methods, organization and implementation of field investigation, and quality control. In addition, the National Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire for Key Groups was provided, and the monitoring and intervention of occupational health literacy for key groups in the second- and third-key industries has been organized nationwide, so as to understand the occupational health literacy of the occupational population in China and provide important support for promotion of high-quality construction of healthy China.

Relationship between adolescents sense of life purpose and depression：the moderating role of grade / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#Exploring the relationship between adolescents sense of life purpose and depression as well as the moderating effect of grade, in order to provide evidence for the situation of sense of life purpose among Chinese adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 1 627 adolescents from grade 4 to 9 in Hebei and Yunnan provinces were selected as the research subjects by using convenient cluster sampling method. The survey was conducted by using the Depression Self Rating Scale for Children and the Revised Youth Purpose Survey, and stratified regression was used for moderating effect analysis with a simple slope test.@*Results@#There were statistically significant differences in the score of depression among adolescents of different genders, mother s education level, father s education level, family economy and academic performances( t/F=-2.70, 3.62, 2.82, 13.67, 13.81, P <0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the score of sense of life purpose among adolescents of different mother s education level, father s education level, family economy and academic performances( F=3.24, 4.27, 7.50, 9.39, P <0.01). Correlation analysis showed that adolescents sense of life purpose was significantly negatively correlated with depression( r=-0.38, P <0.01). Hierarchical regression model results showed that adolescents sense of life purpose significantly negatively predicted depression (β=-0.19, t= -5.93, P <0.01). Grade played a moderating role between adolescents sense of life purpose and depression( β=-0.34, t= -7.54 , P <0.01). The simple slope test showed that depression decreased as the sense of life purpose increased in primary school students(grades 4-6) and in middle school students(grades 7-9), and the decrease of the middle school students was greater( β=-0.19, -0.53, t=-5.93, -16.15, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The sense of life purpose negatively predicted depression of adolescents, and grade moderated the relationship between the sense of life purpose and depression. Compared with students in grades 4-6, the improvement of life purpose of middle school students have a more significant protective effect on depression.

Meaning and Purpose in Life in Aging: A Scoping Review / Sentido e Propósito de Vida na Velhice: Uma Revisão de Escopo

ABSTRACT The feeling that life has meaning or purpose is essential for human beings. Absence of meaning can lead to an existential vacuum. Purpose in life, akin to meaning in life, derives from the humanistic psychology theory of Frankl, and they are considered synonymous. Other scholars, however, regard the two constructs as distinct. The objective of the review was to map both concepts in the gerontological literature, examining how they manifest in aging. The review of the databases was carried out between January 2019 and March 2020. Thirty articles were included. In the context of aging, results were conflicting. The literature review yielded evidence to affirm that meaning and purpose in life are distinct concepts, despite sharing the same existential-philosophical roots.

RESUMO O sentimento de que a vida tem sentido ou propósito é essencial ao ser humano. A ausência de sentido pode levar a um vácuo existencial. Propósito de vida, a exemplo de sentido, também deriva da psicologia humanística de Frankl, sendo considerados sinônimos. No entanto, há estudos que propõem distinção entre os dois construtos. A revisão tem por objetivos mapear ambos os conceitos na literatura gerontológica, examinando-os à luz do envelhecimento. O levantamento nas bases de dados foi realizado de janeiro de 2019 a março de 2020. Foram incluídos 30 artigos. No contexto do envelhecimento, os resultados foram controversos. A literatura revista apresentou evidências para afirmar que sentido de vida e propósito são conceitos distintos, apesar da origem filosófico-existencialista comum.

Componente curricular projeto de vida: perspectivas de professoras da rede estadual de São Paulo / Curricular component life purpose: perspectives of teachers of the São Paulo state network / Componente curricular proyecto de vida: perspectivas de profesores de la red estadual de São Paulo

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a experiência de alguns professores ao lecionar projeto de vida durante a implementação do componente curricular Projeto de Vida no estado de São Paulo. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório. Participaram do estudo sete professoras que lecionavam o componente curricular Projeto de Vida em duas escolas públicas, de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, escolhidas por conveniência. Foram utilizados o Questionário de Dados Sociodemográficos e o Protocolo de Entrevista Semiestruturada para Projeto de Vida de Professores, elaborados para este estudo. As professoras foram entrevistadas individualmente, on-line, e as entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e vídeo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise temática. Os resultados indicaram possibilidades e desafios em relação à implementação do componente curricular Projeto de Vida. Constatou- se que a maioria das docentes afirmou que escolheu esse componente curricular devido à necessidade de atingir a carga horária exigida na rede estadual. As professoras criticaram a proposta, os conteúdos e os materiais desse componente curricular. As críticas apresentadas pelas professoras estão em consonância com aquelas presentes na literatura em relação à reforma do Ensino Médio e ao Inova Educação. Esses resultados sugerem a necessidade de formação tanto nos cursos de licenciatura quanto em ações de formação continuada, para que os professores se sintam mais seguros e preparados para lecionar o componente curricular Projeto de Vida na Educação Básica. Propõe-se uma perspectiva de formação pautada na reflexão e na troca entre os pares para a construção de um projeto coletivo da escola para o componente Projeto de Vida.(AU)

This study aimed to know the experience of some teachers when teaching life purpose during the implementation of the curricular component "Life Purpose" (Projeto de Vida) in the state of São Paulo. A qualitative, exploratory research was carried out. Seven teachers who taught the curricular component "Life Purpose" (Projeto de Vida) in two public schools in a city in the inland state of São Paulo, chosen for convenience, participated in the study. The Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire and the Semi-structured Interview Protocol for Teachers' Life Purposes, developed for this study, were used. The teachers were interviewed individually, online, and the interviews were recorded in audio and video. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results indicated possibilities and challenges regarding the implementation of the Life Purpose curricular component. It was found that most teachers chose this curricular component due to the need to reach the required workload in the state network. The teachers criticized the proposal, the contents and the materials of this curricular component. Teacher's critics are in line with the criticisms present in the literature regarding the reform of High School and Inova Educação. Therefore, training is essential, both in undergraduate courses and in continuing education actions, so that teachers can teach the curricular component Life Purpose in Basic Education. A training perspective based on reflection and exchange between peers is proposed for the construction of a collective school project for the Life Purpose component.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la experiencia de algunos profesores al enseñar proyecto de vida durante la implementación del componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en el estado de São Paulo. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, exploratoria. Participaron en el estudio siete profesores que impartían el componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en dos escuelas públicas en un municipio del estado de São Paulo, elegidos por conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y el protocolo de entrevista semiestructurada para proyectos de vida de profesores, desarrollados para este estudio. Las entrevistas a los profesores fueron en línea, de manera individual, y fueron grabadas en audio y video. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis temático. Los resultados indicaron posibilidades y desafíos en relación a la implementación del componente curricular Proyecto de Vida. La mayoría de los profesores declararon elegir este componente curricular por la necesidad de alcanzar la carga horaria requerida en la red estatal. Los profesionales criticaron la propuesta, los contenidos y los materiales de este componente curricular. Las críticas presentadas están en línea con las críticas presentes en la literatura respecto a la reforma de la educación básica e Inova Educação. Por lo tanto, la formación es fundamental, tanto en los cursos de grado como en las acciones de educación permanente, para que los profesores puedan impartir el componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en la educación básica. Se propone una formación basada en la reflexión y el intercambio entre pares para la construcción de un proyecto escolar colectivo en el componente Proyecto de Vida.(AU)

Validación del modelo de finalidad táctica para la selección de talentos en deportes de combate / Validação do modelo de propósito tático para seleção de talentos em esportes de combate / Validation of the tactical purpose model for talent selection in combat sports

RESUMEN Introducción: Los resultados obtenidos por los atletas de combate en Cuba han demostrado la fortaleza del modelo piramidal para la selección y preparación del alto rendimiento deportivo, pero todo proceso es proclive a ser mejorado, siendo necesario el perfeccionamiento constante del proceso de selección deportiva. Objetivo: En tal sentido, la presente investigación tuvo por objetivo validar teóricamente un modelo de finalidad táctica para la selección de talentos en deportes de combate. Materiales y métodos: La investigación se apoya en la aplicación de una revisión documental y de una encuesta a 38 expertos, siendo de tipo descriptiva-explicativa. Resultados: Este modelo se basa en tres fases, una propuesta de modelo de selección de talentos de finalidad táctica para deportes de combate, se enfatiza en la evaluación teórica del modelo. Se asumen cinco indicadores y cinco componentes y se reconoce el aporte teórico del modelo estudiado; se enfoca en las posibilidades de optimización que le genera al proceso de selección deportiva; se complementa el sistema piramidal y se avala la gestión de deportistas de combate potencialmente talentosos en su ingreso al alto rendimiento. Los cuestionarios determinaron que todos los expertos concuerdan en muy adecuado y bastante adecuado, donde el coeficiente de concordancia obtenido fue W= 0,798. Conclusiones: El modelo de finalidad táctica para selección de talentos en deportes de combate constituye un aporte teórico y resuelve un problema concreto de la práctica al permitir la optimización del proceso de selección de talentos con carácter científico complementando así el sistema piramidal.

SÍNTESE Introdução: Os resultados obtidos pelos atletas de combate em Cuba têm demonstrado a força do modelo piramidal para a seleção e preparação de esportes de alto rendimento, mas todo processo tende a ser melhorado, sendo necessária a constante melhoria do processo de seleção esportiva. Objetivo: Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa era validar teoricamente um modelo de propósito tático para a seleção de talentos nos esportes de combate. Materiais e métodos: A pesquisa é baseada na aplicação de uma revisão documental e uma pesquisa com 38 especialistas, sendo de tipo descritivo-explicativo. Resultados: Este modelo é baseado em três fases, uma proposta de modelo de seleção tática de talentos para esportes de combate, com ênfase na avaliação teórica do modelo. Cinco indicadores e cinco componentes são assumidos e a contribuição teórica do modelo estudado é reconhecida; ele se concentra nas possibilidades de otimização que gera para o processo de seleção esportiva; o sistema piramidal é complementado e a gestão de atletas de combate potencialmente talentosos em sua entrada para o alto desempenho é endossada. Os questionários determinaram que todos os especialistas concordam em ser muito adequados e bastante adequados, onde o coeficiente de concordância obtido foi W= 0,798. Conclusões: O modelo de propósito tático para seleção de talentos em esportes de combate constitui uma contribuição teórica e resolve um problema concreto de prática ao permitir a otimização do processo de seleção de talentos com caráter científico, complementando assim o sistema piramidal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the results obtained by combat athletes in Cuba have shown the strength of the pyramidal model for the selection and preparation of high-performance sports, but every process is likely to be improved, and constant improvement of the sports selection process is necessary. Objective: in this sense, the present research aimed to theoretically validate a model of tactical purpose for the selection of talents in combat sports. Materials and methods: the research is based on the application of a documentary review and a survey of 38 experts, being descriptive-explanatory. Results: this model is based on three phases, a proposal for a talent selection model with a tactical purpose for combat sports; emphasis is placed on the theoretical evaluation of the model. Five indicators and five components are assumed and the theoretical contribution of the studied model is recognized; it focuses on the possibilities of optimization that it generates in the sports selection process; the pyramidal system is complemented and the management of potentially talented combat athletes is endorsed in their entry into high performance. The questionnaires determined that all the experts agree on very adequate and quite adequate, where the concordance coefficient obtained was W= 0.798. Conclusions: the tactical purpose model for talent selection in combat sports constitutes a theoretical contribution and solves a specific problem in practice by allowing the optimization of the talent selection process with a scientific nature, thus complementing the pyramid system.

Propósito vital y su relación con las actividades extracurriculares y laborales en estudiantes universitarios

Resumen: El inicio de los estudios universitarios constituye un momento de transición y crisis. Poseer un propósito vital (PV) puede contribuir a la adaptación de los estudiantes. Las actividades extracurriculares y laborales son contextos con potencial para el desarrollo del PV. Este trabajo se propone indagar la relación entre la participación en actividades extracurriculares y laborales con el sentido de PV de estudiantes que inician sus estudios universitarios. Como objetivo secundario se realizó la validación de la Escala de Propósito Vital para Estudiantes Universitarios (EPVE). Por lo tanto, esta investigación se dividió en dos fases. En total participaron 232 estudiantes de ambos sexos (mujeres, 60.3%). En la primera fase se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas de la EPVE. Los resultados indican que posee una adecuada validez de contenido y factorial, y una buena consistencia interna. En la segunda fase, se seleccionaron de la muestra total a los estudiantes que iniciaban sus estudios universitarios y se encontraban en la adultez emergente (n = 160). Se comparó el sentido de PV en función de la participación en las actividades, y se analizó la relación entre el PV y el grado de vinculación percibida entre las actividades y la carrera. Los resultados indicaron que la participación en actividades laborales se asocia a una menor identificación de PV. Sin embargo, cuando se perciben vinculadas a la carrera universitaria, se asocia a una mayor identificación de PV.

Abstract: The beginning of university studies constitutes a moment of transition and crisis. Having a purpose in life (PL) can contribute to students' adaptation. Extracurricular and work activities are contexts with potential for the development of PL. This work aims to investigate the relationship between participation in extracurricular and work activities with the sense of PL in students who begin their university studies. As a secondary objective, the validation of the Purpose in Life Scale for University Students (PLSS) was carried out. Therefore, this research was divided in two stages. A total of 232 students of both sexes participated (women, 60.3%). In the first stage, the psychometric properties of the PLSS were analyzed. The results indicate that it has adequate content and factor validity, and good internal consistency. In the second stage, students who were beginning their university studies and were emerging adults (n = 160) were selected from the total sample. The sense of PL was compared based on the participation in activities, and the relationship between PL and the degree of perceived link between activities and career was analyzed. The results indicated that the participation in work activities was associated with a lower identification of PL. However, when it was perceived as linked to a university career, it was associated with a greater identification of PL.

Resumo: O início dos estudos universitários constitui um momento de transição e crise. Possuir um propósito vital (PV) pode contribuir para a adaptação dos alunos. As atividades extracurriculares e laborais são contextos com potencial para o desenvolvimento da PV. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a relação entre a participação em atividades extracurriculares e laborais com o sentido de PV de estudantes que iniciam seus estudos universitários. Como objetivo secundário, foi realizada a validação da Escala de Propósito Vital para Estudantes Universitários (EPVE). Portanto, esta pesquisa foi dividida em duas fases. No total, participaram 232 alunos de ambos os sexos (mulheres, 60,3%). Na primeira fase, foram analisadas as propriedades psicométricas do EPVE. Os resultados indicam que possui validade de conteúdo e fatorial adequada e boa consistência interna. Na segunda fase, foram selecionados do total da amostra alunos que estavam iniciando seus estudos universitários e em fase adulta emergente (n = 160). Comparou-se o sentido de PV em função da participação nas atividades, e analisou-se a relação entre PV e o grau de vínculo percebido entre atividades e carreira. Os resultados indicam que a participação em atividades laborais está associada a uma menor identificação de PV. No entanto, quando percebidos como vinculados a uma carreira universitária, associa-se a uma maior identificação de PV.

El rol del propósito en la vida y el apoyo social percibido ante el miedo a la muerte en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en adultos mayores de CABA / The role of purpose in life and perceived social support in the face of fear of death in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults from CABA

Las últimas décadas favorecieron el proceso de transición demográfica. No obstante, la extensión de los años por vivir no siempre resultó acompañada por mejoras en la calidad de vida. A este respecto, desde la psicogerontología se ha priorizado el estudio de las variables salutogénicas. Tal es el caso del propósito en la vida y del apoyo social percibido, así como dela relación que ambos mantienen con el miedo a la muerte. Temas que cobran mayor relevancia en un contexto de pandemia. El presente trabajo se propone analizar la relación entre dichas variables en una muestra de 103 adultos mayores de CABA, de ambos sexos (Hombres=24,3%; Mujeres=75,7%), con edades entre60 y 83 años, a partir de un diseño cuantitativo-correlacional. Entre los principales resultados, se observan relaciones positivas de fuerte significatividad entre el propósito y el apoyo social y entre el miedo a la muerte y el miedo al COVID-19 AU

The last decades favored the process of demographic transition. However, the extension of the years to live was not always accompanied by improvements in the quality of life. In this regard, psychogerontology has prioritized the study of salutogenic variables. Such is the case of purpose in life and perceived social support, as well as the relationship that both maintain with the fear of death. Topics that become more relevant in a pandemic context. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between these variables in a sample of 103 older adults from CABA, of both sexes (Men=24.3%; Women=75.7%), aged between 60 and 83 years, from of a quantitative-correlational design. Among the main results, highly significant positive relationships are observed between purpose and social support and between fear of death and fear of COVID-19 AU

Effect of the percentage of Bos taurus inheritance on the fertility of Holstein×Zebu and Brown Swiss×Zebu cows in the Mexican tropics

Background: No dairy breed or crossbreed has superior overall performance in all environments; therefore, it is necessary to determine which crossbreed is the most suitable for the Mexican tropic and what proportion of European breed is optimum for reproduction. Objective: To assess the effect of the proportion of Bos taurus (Bt) genes on reproductive performance of Holstein×Zebu (HZ) and Brown Swiss×Zebu (BZ) cows, and compare reproductive performance of these genotypes in a dual- purpose production system. Methods: Cows were maintained in a rotational grazing system on African star grass (Cynodon plectostachyus) in Veracruz, Mexico. Cows were milked twice daily. Calves were kept tied to the side of their dams while the cows were milked. Results: The percentage of Bt genes did not affect (p>0.05) fertility traits (age at first calving, days to first service after calving, services per conception, conception rate at first service, days open until conception, gestation length, and calving interval) of BZ cows. In contrast, HZ cows with less than 75% Holstein (H) genes were 0.3 years younger (p<0.05) at first calving and had 39.8 fewer days open (p<0.05) than HZ cows with 75% H genes or more. In addition, the calving interval of HZ cows with less than 75% H genes was 44.8 days shorter (p<0.05) than that of HZ cows with 75% H genes or more. The HZ cows had five fewer days pregnant and were 22.8 kg heavier at calving (p<0.05) than BZ cows. Conclusions: The effect of the percentage of Bt genes on cow fertility depends on the dairy breed used. In general, BZ and HZ cows present similar reproductive performance.

Antecedentes: Ninguna raza lechera o cruce tiene un desempeño general superior en todos los ambientes; por lo tanto, es necesario determinar cuál cruce lechero es más apropiado en el trópico mexicano y qué proporción de raza europea es óptima para la reproducción. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la proporción de genes Bos taurus (Bt) en el desempeño reproductivo de vacas cruzadas Holstein×Cebú (HC) y Pardo Suizo×Cebú (PC), y comparar el desempeño reproductivo de estos dos genotipos en un sistema de producción doble propósito. Métodos: Las vacas se mantuvieron en un sistema de pastoreo rotacional en zacate Estrella de África (Cynodon plectostachyus) en Veracruz, México. Las vacas se ordeñaron dos veces al día. Los becerros se mantuvieron atados, a un costado de sus madres mientras éstas se ordeñaron. Resultados: El porcentaje de genes Bt no afectó (p>0,05) ninguna característica de fertilidad (edad a primer parto, días a primer servicio después del parto, servicios por concepción, tasa de preñez a primer servicio, días abiertos a la concepción, duración de la gestación, e intervalo entre partos) de las vacas PC. En contraste, las vacas HC con menos de 75% de genes Holstein (H) fueron 0,3 años más jóvenes (p<0,05) al primer parto y tuvieron 39,8 días abiertos menos (p<0,05) que las vacas HC con 75% de genes H o más. Además, el intervalo entre partos de las vacas HC con menos de 75% de genes H fue 44,8 días más corto (p<0,05) que el de las vacas HC con 75% de genes H o más. Las vacas HC tuvieron cinco días de gestación menos y fueron 22,8 kg más pesadas al parto (p<0,05) que las PC. Conclusiones: El efecto del porcentaje de genes Bt sobre la fertilidad de la vaca depende de la raza lechera usada. En general, las vacas PC y HC tienen similar desempeño reproductivo.

Antecedentes: Nenhuma raça ou cruza leiteira tem desempenho geral superior em todos os ambientes; portanto, é necessário determinar qual cruza leiteira é mais apropriada no trópico mexicano e qual proporção da raça europeia é ideal para a reprodução das vacas. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da proporção de genes Bos taurus (Bt) no desempenho reprodutivo de vacas Holandês×Zebu (HZ) e Pardo Suíço×Zebu (PZ), e comparar o desempenho reprodutivo desses dois genótipos em sistema de produção de dupla aptidão. Métodos: As vacas foram mantidas em sistema de pastoreio rotacional em capim Estrela de África (Cynodon plectostachyus) em Veracruz, México. As vacas foram ordenhadas duas vezes por dia. Os bezerros foram mantidos ao lado de suas mães enquanto eram ordenhadas. Resultados: A porcentagem dos genes Bt não afetou (p>0,05) nenhuma característica de fertilidade (idade ao primeiro parto, número de dias para o primeiro serviço pós-parto, serviços por concepção, taxa de prenhes no primeiro serviço, dias abertos, período de gestação e intervalo entre partos) das vacas PZ. Em contraste, vacas HC com menos de 75% dos genes Holandês (H) eram 0,3 anos mais jovens (p<0,05) no primeiro parto e tiveram 39,8 dias abertos a menos (p<0,05) do que as vacas HZ com 75% ou mais dos genes H. Além disso, o intervalo de parto das vacas HZ com menos de 75% dos genes H foram 44,8 dias mais curtos (p<0,05) do que as vacas HZ com 75% ou mais de genes H. As vacas HZ tiveram cinco dias de gestação a menos e foram 22,8 kg mais pesadas no parto (p<0,05) do que as PZ. Conclusões: O efeito da porcentagem de genes Bt na fertilidade da vaca dependeu da raça leiteira utilizada. Em geral, as vacas PZ e HZ tiveram desempenho reprodutivo semelhante.

La Educación Física, su finalidad en la Educación Superior. Opiniones del profesor

El tercer perfeccionamiento de la Educación Superior en Cuba, iniciado en el curso 2016-2017, trajo aparejado profundas transformaciones, caracterizado por la incertidumbre y la dinámica del cambio y tal coyuntura demanda propiciar un saber general de los procesos y acciones educativas. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo conocer las opiniones de los profesores de Educación Física de la Universidad "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca" de Pinar del Rio (UPR) sobre la finalidad de esta disciplina y el conocimiento que poseen sobre sus diferentes modelos. A partir de un enfoque cualitativo, se exploraron los conocimientos de 18 profesores, que se sustentan en el método dialéctico-materialista. Se utilizó como instrumento de recogida de información la entrevista. Los resultados permitieron conocer aquellas variables que determinan la finalidad de la Educación Física, desde el modelo que se asuma, así como vislumbrar algunos de las limitaciones que frenan la educación integral del egresado. Se concluye con algunas propuestas para avanzar hacia una Educación Física que integre los diferentes modelos y tendencias y con líneas de investigación futuras sobre la temática.

O terceiro aperfeiçoamento do Ensino Superior em Cuba, iniciado no ano acadêmico 2016-2017, trouxe consigo mudanças profundas, caracterizadas pela insegurança e pela dinâmica das transformações, e tal situação requer a promover um conhecimento geral dos processos e ações educacionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as opiniões dos professores de Educação Física da Universidade "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca" de Pinar del Río (UPR) sobre o propósito desta disciplina e o conhecimento que eles têm sobre seus diferentes modelos. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa, o conhecimento de 18 professores foi explorado, com base no método dialético-materialista. Uma entrevista foi usada como um instrumento para a coleta de informações. Os resultados possibilitaram identificar as variáveis que determinam a finalidade da Educação Física, de acordo com o modelo assumido, bem como entrever algumas das limitações que dificultam a formação integral do licenciado. Conclui com algumas propostas para avançar em direção a uma Educação Física que integra os diferentes modelos e tendências e com diretrizes futuras de pesquisa sobre o assunto.

The third improvement of Higher Education in Cuba, started in the academic year 2016-2017, brought about deep transformations, characterized by uncertainty and the dynamics of change and such situation demands to propitiate a general knowledge of the educational processes and actions. This work aimed to know the opinions of Physical Education teachers of the University "Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca" of Pinar del Rio (UPR in Spanish) about the purpose of this discipline and the knowledge they have about its different models. From a qualitative approach, the knowledge of 18 teachers was explored, based on the dialectical-materialistic method. The interview was used as an instrument to collect information. The results allowed to know those variables that determine the purpose of Physical Education, from the model assumed, as well as to glimpse some of the limitations that hinder the integral education of the graduate. It is concluded with some proposals to advance towards a Physical Education that integrates the different models and trends and with future lines of research on the subject.

A Spanish Adaptation and Validation of the Purpose in Life Test - Short Form (PIL-SF) / Adaptación y Validación al español del Test Breve de Propósito en la Vida (PIL Breve)

Abstract The distinction between meaning and purpose in life remains an ongoing debate in the empirical and theoretical literature; even so, there is general consensus in defining purpose in life as goal-directedness towards living a more meaningful life. Scales measuring this goal-directedness, specifically, rather than broad measures of meaning, are necessary to further this vein of research. The Purpose in Life Test (PIL), developed by Crumbaugh and Maholick in the 1960s, has been shown to be a valid instrument for measuring meaning and purpose. Four of the 20 items composing the PIL comprise the English Purpose in Life Test-Short Form (PIL-SF; Schulenberg et al., 2011), which have demonstrated greater internal coherence and greater precision for evaluating goal-directed purpose in life, specifically. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and factor structure of the Spanish PIL-SF. This validation involved two different samples of university students: sample A (N = 368) and sample B (. = 336). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a 1-factor model, and reliability of the items was excellent. Results suggest that the Spanish PIL-SF is a valid and reliable measure of purpose in life, comparable to the English language PIL-SF.

Resumen Distinguir entre sentido y propósito en la vida, sigue siendo un debate filosófico y empírico en la literatura especializada. El direccionamiento a las metas para vivir una vida más significativa y existencial parece ser una de las características distintivas del propósito. Para desarrollarse, esta línea investigativa necesita cuestionarios que midan específicamente la orientación a las metas, en lugar de la mera asignación de sentido y/o significado. El Purpose in Life Test (PIL), desarrollado por Crumbaugh y Maholick en la década de 1960, ha demostrado ser un instrumento válido para medir significado y propósito. Recientemente se observó que 4 de sus 20 ítems informaron mayor coherencia interna y mayor precisión para evaluar la orientación a la meta como característica del propósito. Estos hallazgos derivaron en una versión abreviada de la técnica denominada Purpose in Life Test Short Form (PIL-SF; Schulenberg et al., 2011). El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la confiabilidad y la estructura factorial del PIL-SF en el contexto argentino. Esta validación involucró dos muestras diferentes de estudiantes universitarios: muestra A (N = 368) y muestra B (N = 336). El análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA) apoyó un modelo unifactorial y la confiabilidad de los ítems fue excelente. Los resultados sugieren que el PIL-SF en español es una medida válida y confiable del propósito en la vida, comparable al PIL-SF en inglés.

Salud mental en población mexicana por COVID-19 / Mental health in the Mexican population due to COVID-19

Este artículo analiza el estado de salud mental de población adulta de México en el contexto de pandemia ocasionada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Participaron 899 participantes de diferentes regiones de México Medad = 34. 8, DE= 11.38, mujeres= 641, hombres=258, durante el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron la Escala de Miedo al COVID-19 (FCV-19S), la Escala para el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7), el Test de Propósito de Vida (PIL), el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente (PHQ-9) y el Cuestionario Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) para el apoyo social. La aplicación se realizó de manera individual, durante el período del 12 de junio al 14 de septiembre de 2020. Los resultados indicaron que los participantes no presentaron síntomas agudos de miedo hacia la COVID-19. No obstante, se encontró presencia considerable de ansiedad generalizada y de depresión en diferentes niveles. El apoyo social y propósito de vida se encuentran presentes, contrarrestando la ansiedad y la depresión, mientras que el miedo y la cantidad de horas de exposición a pensamientos sobre COVID-19 contribuyeron de forma positiva a estas variables psicológicas. Se concluye que la crisis sanitaria ocasionada por COVID-19 ha impactado fuertemente en la salud mental de los participantes, no obstante, existen fortalezas como el apoyo social y el propósito de vida que ayudan a sobrellevar los efectos de la pandemia y se debería trabajar en ellas para promover la salud mental durante los momentos de la crisis sanitaria(AU)

This paper analyzes the status of mental health of the adult population of Mexico in the context of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19). This article analyzes the mental health status of the adult population of Mexico in the context of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19). A total of 899 participants from different regions of Mexico participated, M age = 34.8, SD= 11.38, women= 641, men=258, during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The instruments applied were the COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Purpose I Life Test (PIL), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ -9) and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Questionnaire for social support. The application was carried out individually, during the period from June 12 to September 14, 2020. The results indicated that the participants did not present acute symptoms of fear towards COVID-19. However, a considerable presence of generalized anxiety and depression was found at different levels. Social support and life purpose are present, counteracting anxiety and depression, while fear and the number of hours of exposure to thoughts about COVID-19 contributed positively to these psychological variables. It is concluded that the health crisis caused by COVID-19 has strongly impacted on the mental health of the participants; however, there are strengths such as social support and life purpose that help to cope with the effects of the pandemic. Therefore, these two strengths should be worked on to promote mental health during times of health crisis(AU)

Pasantía Extracurricular y Proyectos de Vida: Percepciones de Estudiantes Universitarias / Estágio extracurricular e projetos de vida: percepções de estudantes universitárias / Extracurricular internship and purpose in life: perceptions of university students

Adultez emergente é uma fase do desenvolvimento na qual os indivíduos se preparam para adentrar a vida adulta. Devido as suas características, é um período propício para estudar projeto de vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as concepções de estudantes universitárias sobre estágio extracurricular e sobre sua relação com desenvolvimento do projeto de vida. Foi realizado um grupo focal com três estudantes do curso de psicologia. Para a análise de dados, foi feita uma análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que projeto de vida e estágio extracurricular são percebidos como relacionados. Estas temáticas são vistas como benéficas para o desenvolvimento, auxiliando no estabelecimento da identidade, na autopercepção dessas jovens como adultas e na tomada de decisões.

Adultez emergente es una fase del desarrollo en la cual los individuos se preparan para adentrar a la vida adulta. Por sus características, es un período propicio para estudiar proyecto de vida. En este estudio se tuvo como objetivo investigar las concepciones de estudiantes universitarias sobre pasantía extracurricular y sobre su relación con desarrollo del proyecto de vida. Se realizó un grupo focal con tres estudiantes del curso de psicología. Para el análisis de datos, se hiso un análisis de contenido. Los resultados apuntan que proyecto de vida y pasantía extracurricular son percibidos como relacionados. Estas temáticas son evaluadas como benéficas para el desarrollo, ayudando en el establecimiento de la identidad, en la autopercepción de esas jóvenes como adultas y en la toma de decisiones.

Emerging adulthood is a stage of development in which individuals prepare to enter adult life. Due to its characteristics, it is a favorable period to study a purpose in life. This study aimed to investigate the conceptions of university students about extracurricular internship and its relationship with the development of the purpose in life. A focus group was carried out with three students from the psychology course. For data analysis, a content analysis was performed. The results showed that purpose in life and extracurricular internship are perceived as related. These themes are seen as beneficial for development, helping to establish identity, in the self-perception of these young people as adults and in decision-making.

Sentido de vida en personas adultas mayores semi-institucionalizadas

RESUMEN Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional impone la necesidad de prever servicios de salud de calidad y especializados, así como un soporte psicológico y social adecuado para la promoción del bienestar de las personas mayores. Objetivo: Caracterizar el sentido de vida en personas mayores semi-institucionalizadas de la ciudad de Santa Clara, Cuba. Métodos: Se asumió un enfoque cualitativo con un diseño fenomenológico. Se emplearon como técnicas la entrevista en profundidad, el Registro de la Actividad Método Directo e Indirecto y el Cuestionario PIL. Los datos fueron procesados mediante el análisis de contenido y la triangulación de datos. Resultados: Como principales resultados se señala que, en las personas mayores participantes, se apreciaron limitaciones en las dimensiones experiencias de sentido, metas y tareas y dialéctica destino-libertad. Discusión: El sentido de vida en las personas mayores participantes se configuró en torno a la salud, los contactos sociales y familiares, las metas propias, la necesidad de trascendencia, la libertad, la felicidad y la participación. La ausencia de sentido se asoció a la carencia de un objetivo específico, a la incapacidad de legar sus conocimientos y experiencias de vida; así como a llevar una vida rutinaria.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Population aging imposes the need to provide quality and specialized health services, as well as adequate psychological and social support to promote the well-being of the elderly. Objective: To characterize the meaning of life in semi-institutionalized elderly people in the city of Santa Clara, Cuba. Methods: A qualitative approach with a phenomenological design was assumed. The in-depth interview, the Direct and Indirect Method Activity Record and the PIL Questionnaire were used as techniques. The data were processed through content analysis and data triangulation. Results: As main results, it is pointed out that, in the elderly participants, limitations were seen in the dimensions experiences of meaning, goals and tasks and the destination-freedom dialectic. Discussion: The sense of life in the participating elderly people was configured around health, social and family contacts, their own goals, the need for transcendence, freedom, happiness and participation. The absence of meaning was associated with the lack of a specific objective, the inability to pass on their knowledgement and life experiences; as well as leading a routine life.

Estrategia de cruzamientos para el mejoramiento de pollos Camperos. Un proyecto colaborativo INTA-universidad / Crossing strategy for breeding Campero chickens. An INTA-university collaborative project

RESUMEN El pollo campero es un ave destinado a sistemas productivos alternativos al industrial. Campero INTA es un cruzamiento simple entre poblaciones sintéticas generadas por INTA en Pergamino. Estas poblaciones se han mantenido cerradas y con bajo tamaño efectivo con el consiguiente efecto detrimental asociado a fenómenos de depresión endogámica. Con el objetivo de disponer de una población doble propósito con adecuados niveles productivos de carne y huevos y de rusticidad para ser utilizada en sistemas semi-intensivos que preservan el bienestar animal, se implementó un programa de relevamiento del recurso genético disponible y se diseñó un plan de cruzamientos dirigido a la producción de un híbrido terminal de tres vías. La secuencia incluyó la evaluación de cinco poblaciones sintéticas maternas (A, E, DE, ES y CE), la selección de dos de ellas (ES y A), su caracterización en cruzamientos simples recíprocos [(ESxA) y (AxES)], la elección de la alternativa (ESxA) como progenitor femenino y su cruzamiento por gallos de la estirpe paterna mejorada AH' para la obtención como producto final del pollo Campero Casilda. La evaluación de su patrón de crecimiento, conformación corporal, relación de conversión y caracteres productivos a la faena indican que tanto los machos como las hembras cumplen, como aves destinadas a la producción de carne, con las exigencias establecidas en el protocolo respectivo. La evaluación de los caracteres productivos a la madurez sexual, el patrón dinámico de aumento de peso del huevo y las curvas de postura califican a las hembras para su utilización como ponedoras.

ABSTRACT Campero chicken is a bird destined to production systems alternative to the industrial one. Campero INTA is a two-way cross between synthetic populations generated by INTA in Pergamino. These populations have remained closed and with a low effective size with the consequent detrimental effect associated with inbreeding depression. To have a dual-purpose population with adequate meat and egg production levels and rusticity to be used in semi-intensive systems that preserve animal welfare, a survey program of the available genetic resource was implemented and a crossbreeding plan to produce a terminal three-way hybrid was designed. The sequence included the evaluation of five maternal synthetic populations (A, E, DE, ES and CE), the selection of two of them (ES and A), their characterization in two-way reciprocal crosses [(ESxA) and (AxES)], the choice of the alternative (ESxA) as female parent and its crossing by roosters of the improved paternal line AH' to obtain the Campero Casilda chicken as the final product. The evaluation of their growth pattern, body conformation, conversion ratio and productive characters at slaughter indicate that both males and females satisfied the requirements as birds destined for meat production established in the respective protocol. The evaluation of productive characters at sexual maturity, dynamic pattern of egg weight gain and laying curves allowed to qualify the females as layers.

Projeto de vida de adolescentes que fazem uso problemático de substâncias psicoativas / Purpose in life in adolescents with problematic use of psychoactive substances / Proyecto de vida para adolescentes que hacen uso problemático de sustancias psicoactivas

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar os projetos de vida de adolescentes em tratamento ambulatorial especializado para o uso problemático de substâncias psicoativas. Realizou-se um estudo de caso coletivo com sete adolescentes do sexo masculino, entre 14 e 18 anos, ao longo de treze semanas. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada e os dados foram analisados com base nas dimensões da Escala de Projetos de Vida para Adolescentes. Os resultados mostraram que houve mais projetos de vida nas dimensões Aspirações Positivas e Relacionamento Afetivos e menos projetos de vida nas dimensões Religião/Espiritualidade e Sentido da Vida. Concluiu-se que o tratamento no ambulatório serviu como um espaço para os adolescentes organizarem suas vidas e favoreceu a construção de seu projeto de vida.

ABSTRACT This paper aims to investigate the life purposes of adolescents undergoing specialized outpatient treatment for problematic use of psychoactive substances. A collective case study was carried out with seven male adolescents, between 14 and 18 years old, over thirteen weeks. A semi-structured interview was used, and the data were analyzed based on the dimensions of the Purpose in Life Scale for Adolescents. The results showed that there were more life purposes in the Positive Aspirations and Affective Relationship dimensions and fewer life projects in the Religion/Spirituality and Sense of Life dimensions. It was concluded that the treatment at the outpatient clinic served as space for adolescents to organize their lives and favored the construction of their life purposes.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar los proyectos de vida de adolescentes en tratamiento ambulatorio especializado por uso problemático de sustancias psicoactivas. Realizó un estudio de caso colectivo con siete adolescentes varones, entre 14 y 18 años, durante trece semanas. Utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada y los datos fueron analizados con base en las dimensiones de Escala de Proyectos de Vida para Adolescentes. Los resultados mostraron que había más proyectos de vida en dimensiones de Aspiraciones Positivas y Relación afectiva y menos proyectos de vida en dimensiones de Religión/Espiritualidad y Sentido de la Vida. Se concluyó que el tratamiento en ambulatorio sirvió como un espacio para que los adolescentes organizaran su vida y favoreció la construcción de su proyecto de vida.

Investigation on clinical application and management of food for special medical purpose in China's 592 medical institutions in 2020 / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective:To understand the current situation of clinical application and management of food for special medical purpose (FSMP) in China's medical institutions.Methods:A questionnaire was developed based on literature review, consultation with experts and multiple discussions to investigate the application and management of FSMP in hospitals. The survey was conducted in secondary and tertiary general or specialized hospitals in China. The accountable person of Clinical Nutrition Department in each hospital filled in the questionnaire with the guidance from provincial quality control center.Results:A total of 592 hospitals across 30 provinces/municipalities participated in the survey. The majority (40.5%) of prescription for FSMP with approved batch number was given by clinical nutrition departments, nutritional risk screening was conducted before using FSMP as enteral nutrition in 64.0% of the hospitals, consent from patients or their families prior to initial FSMP use was required in 94.8% of the hospitals, follow-up after FSMP use was carried out in 86.5% of the hospitals, 79.2% of the hospitals maintained electronic or paper documentation of the clinical application of enteral nutrition preparations, 41.6% of the hospitals had no organization or institution to supervise the standardized application of FSMP.Conclusion:In the future, we should strengthen the construction of FSMP professional team, establish convenient and efficient nutrition diagnosis and treatment information module, and set up special institutions to implement FSMP standardized management.

Application of enhanced recovery after surgery concept in laparoscopic radical cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion under modular operation / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To explore the application value of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in laparoscopic radical resection of bladder cancer and ileal bladder surgery under modular operation procedures.Methods:A retrospective selection of 42 cases of laparoscopic radical radical resection of bladder cancer and ileal bladder surgery performed by the Department of Urology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from January 2017 to December 2019 were divided into two groups according to the different management methods adopted during the perioperative period: ERAS management group and conventional management group, each with 21 cases. Among them, patients in the ERAS management group were managed by ERAS during the perioperative period, and patients in the conventional management group were managed by conventional management during the perioperative period. The postoperative hospital stay, first exhaust time, first defecation time, first time to get out of bed, first liquid food time, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, as well as transferrin, upper arm circumference, body mass index, plasma albumin, total protein, and total protein were compared between the two groups of patients after surgery. The measurement data conforming to the normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), and the in dependent t-test was used for comparison between groups; the measurement data of non-normal distribution were expressed as the median (interquartile range) [ M( P25, P75)], the independent sample Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups; the Chi-square test was used for comparison of enumeration data between groups. Results:The postoperative hospital stay in the ERAS group was (8.9±1.8) d, the first exhaust time was (33.4±3.2) h, the first defecation time was (60.3±7.8) h, the first time to get out of bed was (23.1±6.7) h, the first liquid food time was (82.7±18.5) h and postoperative VAS was (1.3±0.6), that were significantly reduced compared with the conventional treatment group [(12.3±2.3) d, (51.4±5.2) h, (73.0±8.1) h, (34.7±8.2) h, (109.7±21.6) h, (3.6±0.8)], the difference were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the ERAS group, the decreased value of transferrin was [0.8 (-0.4, 2.2) g/L], the decreased value of body mass index was[1.61±0.73], the decreased value of plasma albumin was [3.5±1.5 g/L], the decrease value of total protein was[10.1±5.6 g/L] and the decrease value of prealbumin was [90.5±11.3 mg/L] were significantly lower than those of the conventional management group[(1.9(0.9, 3.6) g/L, (2.32±1.05) kg/m 2, (9.6±2.0) g/L, (16.3±4.9) g/L, (131.3±7.4) g/L], and the difference were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Modular laparoscopic precision resection of bladder cancer and ERAS concept after ileal bladder surgery is beneficial to shorten the hospital stay, reduce postoperative pain, have less impact on the patient′s body loss and immune function, and can speed up the patient′s postoperative recovery.

Influência dos contextos escolar e familiar nos projetos de vida de adolescentes / Influence of school and family contexts in adolescents' life purposes / Influencia de los contextos escolar y familiar en los proyectos de vida de adolescentes

Considerando que família e escola são os contextos em que o adolescente passa mais tempo, este estudo teve como objetivo compreender as possíveis relações entre os projetos de vida de adolescentes e as variáveis dos contextos escolar e familiar. Participaram 320 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, de 14 a 17 anos, do 9º ano de Ensino Fundamental II e do Ensino Médio de diferentes tipos de escolas de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo. Utilizou-se os instrumentos Ficha de Dados Sociodemográficos e Escala de Projeto de Vida para Adolescentes. Os dados foram analisados por meio de testes t de student, ANOVA one-way e correlação de Pearson. Os resultados indicaram que adolescentes mais novos têm mais projetos de vida em relação a Relacionamentos Afetivos, Religião/Espiritualidade e Bens Materiais do que os mais velhos. Observou-se uma tendência dos projetos da dimensão Religião/Espiritualidade diminuírem conforme os adolescentes crescem e conforme aumentam a Escolaridade da Mãe e a Escolaridade do Pai. Em relação ao tipo de escola, os adolescentes de escolas públicas têm mais projetos de vida da dimensão Relacionamentos Afetivos do que os adolescentes dos demais tipos. Os projetos da dimensão Religião/Espiritualidade são maiores nos adolescentes de escolas públicas.(AU)

Considering that adolescents spend most of their time with their families and within the school environment, this study aimed to understand possible associations and influences of these contexts in adolescents' life purpose. The sample consisted of 320 adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years old, of both genders, enrolled in the 9th grade of Elementary School II and High School of public and private schools and full-time public schools of a city of the countryside of São Paulo. Data were collected using the Sociodemographic Data Sheet and the Purpose in Life Questionnaire for Adolescents and analyzed using Student's t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results show that the life purpose of younger teens are more oriented towards Affective Relationships, Religion/Spirituality, and Material Goods than that of older ones. Projects related to Religion/Spirituality tend to decrease with increasing age and parental education level. Regarding the type of school, the life purpose of adolescents from public schools is more associated with Affective Relations and Religion/Spirituality than that of adolescents from private schools.(AU)

Teniendo en cuenta que la familia y la escuela son los contextos en que los adolescentes pasan la mayor parte del tiempo, este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender las posibles relaciones entre las variables de los contextos escolares y familiares y los proyectos de vida de los adolescentes. Participaron 320 adolescentes, de ambos sexos, de los 14 a los 17 años de edad, del noveno grado de la escuela primaria II y secundaria de diferentes tipos de escuelas en una ciudad del interior de São Paulo. Los instrumentos fueron Hoja de datos sociodemográficos y Escala de proyectos de vida para adolescentes. Los datos se analizaron mediante pruebas t de Student, ANOVA one-way y correlación de Pearson. Los resultados indicaron que los adolescentes más jóvenes tienen más proyectos de vida con respecto a las relaciones afectivas, la religión/espiritualidad y los bienes materiales que los mayores. Hubo una tendencia a que los proyectos de la dimensión Religión/Espiritualidad disminuyan a medida que crecen los adolescentes y aumentan la Educación de la madre y la Educación del padre. Con respecto al tipo de escuela, los que estudian en escuelas públicas tienen más proyectos de vida en la dimensión Relaciones afectivas que los adolescentes de otros tipos. Los adolescentes de escuelas públicas son los que tienen más proyectos en la dimensión Religión/Espiritualidad.(AU)

Fostering mature purpose beyond the classroom: considering family and other institutions in agentic purpose commitment / Promovendo projetos de vida maduros além da sala de aula: o papel da família e de outras instituições no compromisso com um projeto de vida agente

This article addresses two questions about purpose in life: what is mature purpose, and how can it be cultivated? We first outline a picture of mature purpose based in part on established purpose research, and point out new frameworks that can resolve missing pieces and tensions in the current paradigms. We contend that above and beyond fulfilling discrete criteria present in operational definitions, mature purpose requires agentic yet flexible commitment to worthy goals rather than simplistic adoption of expected goals. A review of purpose formation beyond the classroom identifies similar roles of parents, post-secondary educational institutions, and extracurricular activities for supporting development of mature purpose in the direction of agentic commitment, namely, encouraging processes of: active exploration, tentative commitment, and support in navigating and sustaining meaningful commitment.

Este artigo aborda duas questões sobre projetos de vida: o que são projetos de vida e como podem ser cultivados? Primeiramente, esboçamos um quadro de projetos de vida maduro baseado em parte na pesquisa de projetos de vida estabelecida e apontamos novas estruturas que podem resolver as peças que faltam e as tensões nos paradigmas atuais. Afirmamos que, acima e além de cumprir critérios discretos presentes nas definições operacionais, projetos de vida maduros requerem um comprometimento agente, porém flexível, com metas dignas, em vez da adoção simplista de metas esperadas. Uma revisão da formação de projetos de vida além da sala de aula identifica papéis semelhantes de pais, universidades e atividades extracurriculares para apoiar o desenvolvimento de projetos de vida maduros na direção do compromisso agente, a saber, processos de incentivo de: exploração ativa, compromisso experimental e apoio em navegar e manter um compromisso significativo.