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1.
Rev. peru. biol. (Impr.) ; 25(3): 211-220, jul.-set. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094319

ABSTRACT

Purús is a Peruvian Amazonian province with little information on its biodiversity, especially on small mammals. This work aims to document the bats diversity in the region by developing intensive inventories at the Río La Novia Conservation Concession, located on the right bank of the La Novia River, Purús, Ucayali Department. We surveyed the study area in the wet and dry seasons of 2015 using mistnets set on the ground and canopy, achieving a total sampling effort of 725 NN (12-m mist nets/night). As result, we recorded 32 bat species that include four new records for Purus province, and two new records for the Ucayali department (Eumops cf. delticus and Molossops temminckii). The seasonal accumulation curves were adjusted to the Clench model; however, the asymptotes were not reached, suggesting that more fieldwork is needed. Non-surprisingly, Phyllostomidae was the most diverse family (24 species). Also, we found that Carollia perspicillata and Artibeus planirostris have the higher relative abundance and that the frugivorous bats were the most abundant trophic guild. Our results suggest that the abundance and composition of bats in the Río La Novia are probably related to seasonal changes, as seen in other primary forests. Considering that Purús maintains one of the few pristine forests in western Amazonia, we suggest that more surveys are needed for a better understanding of bat´s diversity and bat assemblage patterns in tropical forests.


Purús es una de las provincias de la Amazonía peruana con poca información sobre su biodiversidad, principalmente sobre los mamíferos pequeños. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo documentar la diversidad de murciélagos en la región mediante el desarrollo de inventarios intensivos en la Concesión de Conservación Río La Novia, localizada en el margen derecho del río La Novia, Purús, departamento de Ucayali. Realizamos evaluaciones de campo en temporada seca y húmeda del 2015, empleamos redes de neblina en subdosel y sotobosque, logrando un esfuerzo de muestreo total de 725 redes/noche. Como resultado, registramos 32 especies, que incluyen cuatro nuevos registros para Purús, de los cuales dos son nuevas para Ucayali (Eumops cf. delticus y Molossops temminckii). Las curvas de acumulación de especies por temporada se ajustaron al modelo de Clench; sin embargo, no se alcanzó la asíntota en ninguna, sugiriendo que más trabajo de campo es necesario. La familia mejor representada fue Phyllostomidae (24 especies), Además, encontramos que Carollia perspicillata y Artibeus planirostris fueron las especies más abundantes y que el gremio de los frugívoros fue el mejor representado. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la abundancia y composición de murciélagos en el Río La Novia están probablemente relacionados a los cambios estacionales, similar a otros bosques primarios. Debido a que Purús mantiene uno de los pocos bosques prístinos en el oeste de la Amazonía, sugerimos que más estudios son necesarios para conocer la diversidad y los patrones del ensamblaje de murciélagos en bosques tropicales.

2.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 24(3): 294-300, jul.-set. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828373

ABSTRACT

Abstract Core subject To quantify the Hg content of sediment and fish collected along the Purus River (Acre State, Amazon) in order to identify if those samples could be a potential route of Hg exposure to the population of Manoel Urbano (a riverside community). Methods The total mercury (THg) was quantified using the Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption technique. Results We collected 06 samples of sediment and 264 samples of fish. The Hg in sediments ranged between 0.038 and 0.065 µg.g–1.The results indicate that sediment is in agreement with “uncontaminated” Amazonian rivers. The carnivorous species presented the highest level of Hg on muscle (mean 0.927 μg/g–1), followed by piscivorous (mean 0.873 μg.g–1), planktophagus (mean 0.566 μg.g–1), omnivorous (mean 0.533 μg.g–1) and detritivorous (mean 0.176 μg/g–1). Fourty four percent (44%) of the total species collected presented mean levels of THg on muscle, a percentage greater than the threshold recommended by WHO. Conclusion Some species may be a route for Hg exposure. The sediment is within the normality. The authors suggest that other factors, such as culture and society, should be considered for future researches in order to promote the population healths.


Resumo Tema central Quantificar o teor de mercúrio (Hg) em sedimentos e em peixes coletados ao longo do rio Purus, no Estado do Acre, Região Amazônica, a fim de identificar se essas amostras conferem uma via potencial de exposição do Hg para a população de Manoel Urbano (uma comunidade ribeirinha). Métodos O mercúrio total (HgT) foi quantificado utilizando a técnica de absorção atômica por vapor frio. Resultados Seis amostras de sedimentos e 264 amostras de peixes foram coletadas. O Hg em sedimentos de fundo variou entre 0,038 e 0,065 μg.g–1 (média de 0,050 μg.g–1). Os resultados indicam que os sedimentos estão de acordo com rios amazônicos “não contaminados”. As espécies carnívoras apresentaram o mais alto nível de Hg no músculo (média de 0,927 μg/g–1), seguido por piscívoros (média de 0,873 μg/g–1), planctófagos (média de 0,566 μg/g–1), onívoros (média de 0,533 μg/g–1) e detritívoros (média de 0,176 μg/g–1). Além disso, 44% do total de espécies coletadas apresentaram níveis médios de HgT no músculo superior ao limite recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Conclusão Algumas espécies podem ser uma via para a exposição ao Hg. O sedimento encontra-se dentro na normalidade. Os autores consideram que outros fatores, como a cultura e a sociedade, devem ser considerados para pesquisas futuras a fim de promover a saúde dessa população.

3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 48(3): 301-306, May-Jun/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-749873

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Toxoplasma gondii infection is widely prevalent in humans and other animals worldwide. Information on the prevalence of T. gondii infection is scarce in some regions of Brazil, including riverside communities along the Amazon River basin. M METHODS: The prevalence of T. gondii in 231 people, aged 1-85 years, who were living in four riverside communities along the Purus River, Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil, was determined. Antibodies against T. gondii were assayed using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The hearts and brains of 50 chickens, which were raised free-range in the communities, were pooled according to the community of origin and bioassayed in mice. The isolates were genotyped using polymorphisms at 12 nuclear markers (SAG1, 5' and 3'-SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, Apico and CS3). RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 56.7% (131/231). IgG antibodies were presented by 117 (89.3%) and IgM by 14 (10.7%) of the 131 positive individuals. No association between age group and gender with prevalence was observed (chi-square test, p > 0.05); however, the comparison between localities showed that the seroprevalence of T. gondii was significantly lower among the individuals living in the Boca do Ituxi (p < 0.05) community. Five isolates of T. gondii were obtained in the mouse bioassay, and genotyping revealed two complete genotypes that had not been described previously and three mixed isolates. CONCLUSIONS: These results support previous findings that T. gondii population genetics are highly diverse in Brazil and that T. gondii infection is active in these riverside communities. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Cats , Child , Child, Preschool , Dogs , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Mice , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Biological Assay , Brain/parasitology , Brazil/epidemiology , Chickens , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Genotype , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Prevalence , Rivers , Rural Population , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Toxoplasma/genetics , Toxoplasma/immunology
4.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 12(1): 61-70, Jan-Mar/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709821

ABSTRACT

Despite Panaqolus purusiensis being described nearly 80 years ago, very little is known about it. The taxon was described based on a single specimen. Researching collection catalogues has revealed two more specimens that were caught together along with the holotype but had subsequently been deposited in different museums. Recent collections, including one from the type locality, have made more specimens available. Examination of this new material reveals that this species has three distinct color patterns that are size dependent. Specimens with standard length (SL) less than 30 mm show a coloration common among various species of Panaqolus consisting of regular bands on the body, fins and head. Specimens from 30-90 mm SL have a specific color pattern with thinner bands and those larger than 90 mm SL have a uniformly dark body with only the fins continuing to show bands. The most similar species are P. changae, P. gnomus, P. maccus, and P. nocturnus. The first three can easily be distinguished by their coloration and by body proportions. Specimens of P. nocturnus of more than 90 mm SL however are nearly indistinguishable from P. purusiensis of the same size, making identification difficult. Apesar de Panaqolus purusiensis ter sido descrita há quase 80 anos, sabe-se muito pouco sobre ela. O táxon foi descrito com base em um único exemplar. No entanto, pesquisas em catálogos de coleções ictiológicas revelaram mais dois exemplares que foram capturados junto com o holótipo, porém depositados em outros museus. Coletas recentes, incluindo a localidade-tipo, disponibilizaram mais espécimes. O exame deste material revelou que a espécie tem três padrões distintos de coloração dependendo do tamanho. Indivíduos com até 30 mm de comprimento padrão [CP] apresentam bandas regulares no corpo, nas nadadeiras e na cabeça, padrão de colorido comum em várias espécies de Panaqolus; indivíduos de 30-90 mm CP apresentam um padrão específico de coloração, com bandas claras mais finas; e acima de 90 mm CP o corpo é uniformemente escuro e somente as nadadeiras continuam expondo bandas. As espécies mais parecidas com P. purusiensis são P. changae, P. gnomus, P. maccus e P. nocturnus. As três primeiras podem facilmente ser distinguidas pelo padrão de coloração e pelas proporções do corpo, porém, exemplares de P. nocturnus com mais que 90 mm CP são muito parecidos com P. purusiensis do mesmo tamanho, dificultando a identificação.


Subject(s)
Animals , Classification , Classification/methods , Catfishes/classification , Rivers , Fishes
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(1): 87-92, 02/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703646

ABSTRACT

Mansonella ozzardi infections are common in the riverside communities along the Solimões, Negro and Purus Rivers in the state of Amazonas (AM). However, little is known about the presence of this parasite in communities located in regions bordering AM and the state of Acre. The prevalence rate of M. ozzardi infections was determined in blood samples from volunteers according to the Knott method. A total of 355 volunteers from six riverine communities were enrolled in the study and 65 (18.3%) were found to be infected with M. ozzardi. As expected, most of the infections (25%) occurred in individuals involved in agriculture, cattle rearing and fishing and an age/sex group analysis revealed that the prevalence increased beginning in the 40-50-years-of-age group and reached 33% in both sexes in individuals over 50 years of age. Based on the described symptomatology, articular pain and headache were found to be significantly higher among infected individuals (56 and 65% prevalence, respectively, p < 0.05). Sera from volunteers were subjected to ELISA using a cocktail of recombinant proteins from Onchocerca volvulus to evaluate the specificity of the test in an endemic M. ozzardi region. No cross-reactions between M. ozzardi-infected individuals and recombinant O. volvulus proteins were detected, thus providing information on the secure use of this particular cocktail in areas where these parasites are sympatric.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Mansonella/isolation & purification , Mansonelliasis/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Mansonelliasis/blood , Mansonelliasis/transmission , Onchocerca volvulus/genetics , Prevalence , Recombinant Proteins , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Symptom Assessment , Simuliidae/parasitology
6.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 35(3): 343-350, jul.-set. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-859216

ABSTRACT

Aquatic macrophytes are an important component in the structure of lakes in Neotropical floodplains, for example, because they support a high diversity of invertebrates and vertebrates. In this paper, we tested whether or not the variability of macrophyte assemblages is lower in spatially close quadrats than among quadrats of different lakes. The study was carried in four lakes in a large Amazonian floodplain (Purus river), where floating meadows were investigated. A total of 49 taxa of macrophytes were found. Five species dominated and three species were rare. Taxa richness, composition and beta diversity differed more between than within lakes. Because high beta diversity was found among the lakes, they should be considered individually important for maintaining the gamma diversity of macrophytes within the Purus River floodplain, and this should be considered in plans of lake management.


As macrófitas aquáticas são um importante componente para a estrutura de lagos neotropicais em planícies de inundação, porque suportam alta diversidade de invertebrados e vertebrados. Neste trabalho, nós testamos se a variabilidade da assembleia de macrófitas aquáticas é menor entre "quadrats" espacialmente próximos do que "quadrats" em lagos diferentes. O estudo foi desenvolvido em quatro lagos da planície amazônica (rio Purus), onde bancos flutuantes de macrófitas foram amostrados. Um total de 49 taxa de macrófitas foi encontrado. Cinco espécies dominaram e três espécies foram raras. A riqueza de taxa, composição e diversidade de espécies diferiram mais entre os lagos do que dentro dos lagos. Pela alta diversidade beta encontrada nos lagos, esses lagos devem ser considerados importantes individualmente para manter a diversidade gamma de macrófitas dentro da planície de inundação do rio Purus. Esse fato deve ser considerado em planos de manejo desses lagos de planície.


Subject(s)
Amazonian Ecosystem , Biodiversity , Dry Season , Macrophytes
7.
Acta amaz ; 39(1): 81-90, mar. 2009. ilus, graf, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-515750

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial das variáveis geomorfométricas extraídas de dados SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) para identificação de tipos vegetacionais da região do interflúvio Madeira-Purus. As variáveis geomorfométricas (elevação, declividade, orientação de vertente, curvatura vertical e curvatura horizontal) foram confrontadas com o mapa de vegetação do projeto RADAMBRASIL através de análises de histogramas e análises discriminantes. Tais análises indicaram os grupos de classes vegetacionais que podem ser separados mais facilmente em contraste com outros grupos que ocorrem sob as mesmas condições topográficas. As variáveis de relevo mais importantes na distinção entre os tipos vegetacionais foram: a elevação, a declividade e a orientação de vertentes. Apesar dos dados geomorfométricos mostrarem potencial indicativo das classes de vegetação, as análises resultaram em discriminação em um nível aquém do detalhamento temático máximo apresentado pelos dados RADAM. Tal desempenho pode ser explicado pela incompatibilidade das escalas de variação exibidas entre os dados geomorfométricos em relação ao tamanho das unidades de mapeamento da vegetação, além da co-ocorrência de classes de respostas distintas ao relevo sob uma mesma associação de classes sob as mesmas classes na legenda. Com base nas análises discriminantes das variáveis geomorfométricas, foi possível o mapeamento da vegetação experimentalmente até o nível de subfisionomias.


The objective of this work was to assess the potential of geomorphometric variables, derived from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) data, to help identify vegetation types in the Amazonian Madeira-Purus interfluvio region. A RADAMBRASIL project vegetation map was used as a reference and the geomorphometric variables (elevation, slope, aspect and profile and plan curvatures) were compared to the mapped units. Analyses indicated vegetation types easily discriminated, depending on the topographic position. The variables of elevation, slope and aspect were the most important for their high discrimination power of the vegetation types. Although geomorphometric data are recognized as having strong potential for characterizing vegetation, this was not shown in the results, due to the mismatching of variability scales between the two sources of data; large units tend to exhibit similar distribution patterns of geomorphometry, and comprise classes with different responses for geomorphometric constraints. Discriminant analyses of geomorphometric variables permitted vegetation mapping up to the sub-physiognomy levels.


Subject(s)
Wood , Topography , Amazonian Ecosystem
8.
Acta amaz ; 39(3)2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1455021

ABSTRACT

Snakebites were registered in 10 riverside communities of the lower Purus River through interviews with the victims. Local inhabitants answered questions about their perception on ecological aspects of snakes species involved in snakebites. Snake size and bite height on the victim body were estimated with measuring tape. Correspondence of local names and scientific species were obtained by using descriptions and images of the snakes. Additional data on the number of families with snakebites victims were obtained from social-economic surveys for other 17 communities in the Piagaçu Purus Reserve. Eighteen people and 28 snakebites events were registered in five communities. The number of victims per community was not related to population's size. The number of families with victims was higher in larger communities (r²= 0.444; p= 0.003). Approximately 88% of snakebites were inflicted on the lower limbs of the victims. There was no relationship between estimated snake's size and the height of the bite. Most snakebites occurred at daytime (82.14%), and during the high rive period (64.28%) that coincides with the extraction of brazil nut and timber by the local people when they spend more time in the forest. Only one death due to snakebite was registered. The species Bothrops atrox was responsible for most of the accidents in the region. Snake's identification by local people revealed various synonymies, with 20 local names attributed to 33 species. In their perception, B. atrox and Lachesis muta were the most dangerous species and differ in attack behavior.


Acidentes ofídicos foram registrados em dez comunidades ribeirinhas do baixo rio Purus através de entrevista às vítimas. Os ribeirinhos responderam perguntas sobre a percepção ambiental da ecologia das serpentes envolvidas nos acidentes. O tamanho das serpentes e a altura da mordida no corpo foram estimados com fita métrica. A correspondência entre os nomes locais e científicos das serpentes foi levantada utilizando descrições e imagens das espécies. Para outras 17 comunidades dados adicionais do número de famílias com vítimas de acidentes ofídicos foram avaliados através do diagnóstico sócio-ambiental da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Piagaçu-Purus. Foram entrevistados 18 ribeirinhos e registrados 28 acidentes ofídicos em cinco comunidades. O número de vítimas por comunidade não teve relação com o tamanho da população. O número de famílias com vítimas foi maior em comunidades maiores (r²= 0,444; p= 0,003). Aproximadamente 88% das mordidas foram nos membros inferiores. Não houve relação do tamanho estimado da serpente com a altura da mordida. A maioria dos acidentes ocorreu de dia (82,14%) e no período de cheia (64,28%) na época de exploração da castanha-da-Amazônia e da madeira pelos ribeirinhos, atividades que despendem maior tempo na floresta. Um único caso de morte por acidente ofídico foi registrado. A serpente Bothrops atrox foi à espécie mais relacionada com acidentes na região. O reconhecimento das serpentes pelos ribeirinhos revelou várias sinonímias, com 20 nomes locais atribuídos a 33 espécies. Na percepção dos ribeirinhos as serpentes B. atrox e Lachesis muta foram às espécies mais temidas e diferem no comportamento de ataque.

9.
Acta amaz ; 39(4)2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1455050

ABSTRACT

The present study evaluated the physical and chemical characteristics of the water of the rivers Solimões, Purus and their tributaries, collected in November of 2004 in the State of Amazonas between the cities of Manacapuru and Alvarães and Anamã and Pirarauara. Physical-chemical analyses (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, HCO3-, SO4(2-), Cl-), and trace-elements (Li, B, Al, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pb, La, Ce e U) and Sr isotopes were accomplished. The analyzed parameters and the chemical composition show that the waters of the rivers and tributaries of the central region of the Amazonia are chemically distinct between them. The white waters of Solimões are calcium-bicarbonate and of Purus are bicarbonates, and the respectives tributaries are sodium-potassium-bicarbonate and sodium-potassium-sulphate. This causes the white poorly acided waters to the neutrals and more conductives, while the black ones are less mineralized, more acids, mainly of Purus. The Ba, Sr, Cu, V e As in highest levels differentiate the Solimões white waters of the Purus`s waters, well as the tributaries of the first related to the second. This complex of caracteristics indicates that the Solimões as the Purus and their respectives tributaries are submitted to geological/ambiental distinct conditions. The influence of arrives in port of sediments of Andes is diluted at the currency of basin of the Solimões and it reflects on formation of fertile valleys Solimões and Purus. By another view, the crust rocks, represented by the Shields of the Guianas and Brasileiro both contribute, but in a reduced proportion.


Este trabalho discute as características físico-químicas das águas dos rios Solimões, Purus e seus afluentes, coletadas em novembro de 2004 no Estado do Amazonas, entre as cidades de Manacapuru-Alvarães e Anamã-Pirarauara. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas (temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica, turbidez, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, HCO3-, SO4(2-), Cl-), de elementos-traço (Li, B, Al, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pb, La, Ce e U) e isótopos de estrôncio. Os parâmetros analisados e a composição química mostram que as águas dos rios e igarapés da região central da Amazônia são quimicamente distintas entre si. As águas brancas do Solimões são cálcicas-bicarbonatadas e as do Purus bicarbonatadas, os respectivos afluentes são sódico-potássico-bicarbonatados e sódico-potássico-sulfatados. Isso acarreta águas brancas fracamente ácidas a neutras e mais condutivas, enquanto as pretas são menos mineralizadas, mais ácidas, especialmente as do Purus. O Ba, Sr, Cu, V e As mais elevados diferenciam as águas brancas do Solimões das do Purus, bem como os afluentes do primeiro em relação ao segundo. Esse conjunto de características indicam que tanto o Solimões, como o Purus e os respectivos afluentes, estão submetidos a condições geológicas/ambientais distintas. A influência do aporte de sedimentos dos Andes é diluída ao longo da bacia do Solimões e se reflete na formação das várzeas dos Solimões e Purus. Por outro lado as rochas crustais, representadas pelos escudos das Guianas e Brasileiro também contribuem, mas em menor proporção.

10.
Acta amaz ; 38(4): 733-742, dez. 2008. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-504707

ABSTRACT

Os impactos da precipitação na qualidade da água ao longo do rio Purus, localizado no estado do Amazonas, foi investigado por meio de dados de precipitação, estimada por satélites, e informações sobre a temperatura da água, condutividade, pH, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido e sólidos suspensos totais, adquiridas em quatro diferentes áreas ao longo do rio. Os resultados mostraram correlação negativa entre precipitação e turbidez e positiva entre precipitação e temperatura, condutividade, oxigênio dissolvido, sólidos suspensos totais e pH. O uso do solo, juntamente com o regime de precipitação, parecem ser os fatores principais que determinam a qualidade da água nos pontos de amostragem.


The impacts of precipitation on the water quality along the Purus River, located in the Brazilian State of the Amazonas, was investigated using data of precipitation estimated by satellite and information about water temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and total suspended solids. The data were acquired in four different areas along the river. The results showed negative correlation between precipitation and turbidity. They also showed positive correlation between precipitation and temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids and pH. The land use together with the rainfall regime seems to be the main sources of impact on the water quality around the sampling places.


Subject(s)
Water Quality , Atmospheric Precipitation , Electric Conductivity , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
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