Comparación del efecto de omeprazol como monoterapia y su combinación con bicarbonato de sodio en el tratamiento de la pirosis moderada a severa: ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado y doble ciego / Comparison of the effect of omeprazole monotherapy and its combination with sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of moderate to severe heartburn: a double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial

Heartburn occurs in 75% of patients with digestive discomfort of any origin and is one of the main symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Treatment focuses on lifestyle modification and symptomatology management with various drugs; when heartburn is moderate to severe, a proton pump inhibitor is more suitable. Omeprazole (OMZ) combined with sodium bicarbonate (BC) has demonstrated significant and sustained suppression of acid secretion. The objective was to compare the effect of sequential OMZ/BC therapy compared to OMZ monotherapy for the improvement of heartburn in Mexican individuals. The study was a double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical study including 277 subjects with moderate to severe heartburn. Patients received 7 days of OMZ/BC and 7 days of OMZ (OMZ/BC7) or 14 days of OMZ (OMZ14). The primary endpoint was defined as the change in the number of days a week that the patient has heartburn, it was evaluated at 14 days. Both treatments reduced time (days) with heartburn by less than 4 days (OMZ14 3.9 vs. 4.2 days OMZ/BC7), as well as duration, number of events and intensity of heartburn. The treatments improved the quality of life, and the control of the symptoms. The proportion of adverse events was lower with OMZ/BC. The non-inferiority of OMZ/BC7 with respect to OMZ14 was verified.

La pirosis se presenta en el 75% de los pacientes con molestias digestivas de cualquier origen y es uno de los principales síntomas de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. El tratamiento se enfoca en la modificación del estilo de vida y el manejo de la sintomatología con diversos fármacos; cuando la pirosis es moderada a severa, un inhibidor de la bomba de protones es más adecuado. El omeprazol (OMZ) combinado con bicarbonato de sodio (BC) ha demostrado supresión significativa y sostenida de la secreción ácida. El objetivo fue comparar el efecto de la terapia secuencial de OMZ/BC en comparación con el tratamiento continuo de OMZ para la mejoría de la pirosis en individuos mexicanos. Estudio clínico multicéntrico, doble ciego, controlado, aleatorizado que incluyó 277 sujetos con pirosis moderada a severa. Los pacientes recibieron 7 días de OMZ/BC y 7 días de OMZ (OMZ/BC7) o 14 días de OMZ (OMZ14). La variable primaria fue definida como el cambio del número de días a la semana que el paciente presenta pirosis, se evaluó a los 14 días. Ambos tratamientos redujeron los días con pirosis en menos 4 días (OMZ14 3,9 vs. 4,2 días OMZ/BC7), así como la duración, el número de eventos e intensidad de la pirosis. Los tratamientos mejoraron los indicadores de calidad de vida, y el control del padecimiento. La proporción de eventos adversos fue menor con OMZ/BC. Se comprobó la no-inferioridad de OMZ/BC7 respecto OMZ14.

Esofagitis por reflujo diagnostico histológico y su relación con variables clínicas y endoscópicas / Reflux esophagitis histologic diagnous and it`s relation with clinical and endoscopic variables

La relación entre índice de masa corporal elevados, la presencia de hernia hiatal y síntomas de reflujo han sido ampliamente asociadas al diagnostico de esofagitis por reflujo. Estudios recientes han demostrado la asociación del sobrepeso con la enfermedad de reflujo. En vista de esto nos propusimos realizar este estudio con el objetivo de demostrar la relación de la esofagitis por reflujo anatomopatologicamente diagnosticada asociada al índice de masa corporal calculado por el índice de Quetelet, los hallazgos endoscópicos de esofagitis según la clasificación de los Ángeles, y síntomas de reflujo referidos por los pacientes de la consulta del servicio de gastroenterología del Hospital “Carlos J. Bello” de la Cruz Roja Venezolana. Se tomo una muestra de 32 pacientes los cuales el 100% tienen diagnostico anatomopatologico de esofagitis por reflujo en un periodo comprendido entre noviembre 2009 y abril de 2010, de los cuales 26 eran del sexo femenino representando el 81,25% de la muestra y 6 del sexo masculino representando el 18,75% de la muestra. El 78,12% presentaron Hernia hiatal como diagnostico endoscópico y referían síntomas de reflujo gastroesofagico (Regurgitación y Pirosis). En cuanto al hallazgo endoscópico 56,25% presento diagnostico de esofagitis grado A y el 28,12% esofagitis grado B según la Clasificación de los Angeles. En cuanto al índice de masa corporal 32,5% presento IMC< de 24,99 Kg/mt2; el 35,4% presentó IMC>25 kg/mt2 y < de 29,99 Kg/mt2; y el 32,1% presento IMC> 30 kg/mt2. En conclusión el 67,5% de los pacientes presentaban IMC elevados.

The relation between elevated body mass index, and the presence of hiatal hernia and reflux symptoms had been widely associated with the diagnosis of GERD. Most recently lack of studies had demonstrated the association between overweight and GERD. In regard to this matter we proposed to make an study to demonstrate the relation of esophageal reflux disease diagnose by histopalogic finding and elevated body mass index calculated with the Quetelet index, endoscopic findings of esofaghitis clasificated by the Los Angeles classification, and reflux symptoms referred by the patients on the Consult of the Gastroenterology service from the Carlos J. Bello Hospital, Venezuelan Red Cross. It took a sample of 32 patients 100% of them with histopathology findings of reflux esophagitis taken from a time period between November 2009 to April 2010, distributed in 26 female patients (81,25%) and 6 male patients (18,75%). 78,12% had hiatal hernia, and referred gastro esophageal reflux symptoms (Regurgitation and pyrosis). Regard to Endoscopic findings 56.25% presented grade A esofaghitis, 28,12% Grade B esophagitis. Regard to Body mass index 32,5% presented a BMI: <24.99 Kg/ mt2; 35,4% BMI:>25 Kg/mt 2 and <29,99 Kg/mt2; 32,1% presented BMI>30 Kg/mt2. In conclusion 67,5% presented elevated BMI.

Tumor de células granulares de esófago / Tumor of granular cells of esophagus

Los tumores de células granulares son lesiones raras y asintomáticas, generalmente un hallazgo incidental en la endoscopia alta o baja. Fueron descritos por primera vez en 1926 por Abrikossoff. Las localizaciones más frecuentes son la mucosa bucal, la dermis y el tejido celular subcutáneo, la mayor parte de estos tumores tienen una naturaleza benigna. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer, de 44 años con historia de pirosis desde hace aproximadamente 1 año, se observa por endoscopia superior lesión elevada de 8 mm en tercio distal de esófago y se confirma por estudio histológico el diagnóstico de tumor de celulas granulares. El tratamiento de elección de esta lesión es la polipectomía endoscópica. A pesar de que el potencial maligno es escaso se sugiere seguimiento estrecho clínico y endoscópico

Granular cells tumors are rare and asymptomatic lesions and by general, it is an incidental finding en high or low endoscopy. They were described for the first time by Abrikossoff in 1926. The more frequent locations are the buccal mucosa, dermis and subcutaneous cellular tissue, most of these tumors has a benign origin. This is the case of a woman aged 44 with a pyrosis history from a year ago; by high endoscopy it is noted a 8mm lesion distal to esophagus and confirmed by histological study of granular cells tumor. Elective treatment of this lesion is the endoscopic polypectomy. Despite that the malign potential is low; we suggested a close clinical and endoscopic follow-up

Refluxo gastroesofágico com epigastralgia persistente: relato de caso / Gastroesophageal reflux with persistent epigastric pain: case report

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) acomete frequentemente pacientes acima de 40 anos, é uma afecção crônica decorrente do fluxo retrógrado do conteúdo gastroduodenal para o esôfago ou órgãos adjacentes, levando a sinais esofágicos e extraesofágicos associados ou não a lesões teciduais. Os sintomas mais comuns são pirose, regurgitação, queimação retroesternal com irradiação para a garganta e ou epigástrio; porém podem ocorrer manifestações atípicas como: asma, bronquite, tosse, pneumonia de repetição, rouquidão, sinusite, laringite, otalgia crônicas, halitose, desgaste do esmalte dentário e sensação de nó na garganta. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o caso de paciente com epigastralgia e sensação de nó na garganta persistente, após a correção cirúrgica da hérnia de hiato e o uso de medicamentos, porém com melhora do quadro clínico com o uso amitriptilina e psicoterapia.RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 27 anos, solteiro, reside com a mãe e relata sintomas típicos e atípicos da DRGE, com exames diagnósticos normais, sem melhora, com intensidade 10 da dor pela escala visual numérica mesmo com medidas preventivas, tratamento cirúrgico e tratamento clínico com famotidina, tramadol e domperidona. A conduta da equipe de controle da dor foi continuar com as medidas preventivas e o tratamento medicamentoso, introduzir codeína, amitriptilina e psicoterapia, pois foi identificado um quadro de conflito com a mãe.CONCLUSÃO: O paciente apresentou melhora significativa da dor com o uso de amitriptilina, o que concorda com a literatura, pois ocorre melhora em 30% dos pacientes com o uso de antidepressivo tipo amitriptilina, em associação com medicamentos específicos usados no refluxo gastroesofágico como a domperidona e omeprazol.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is common in patients above 40 years of age. It is a chronic affection caused by retrograde flow of gastroduodenal content to the esophagus or adjacent organs, leading to esophageal and extra-esophageal signs, associated or not to tissue injuries. Most common symptoms are pyrosis, regurgitation, retrosternal burning with irradiation to throat and/or epigastrium; however there may be atypical manifestations, such as asthma, bronchitis, cough, repetition pneumonia, hoarseness, sinusitis, laryngitis, chronic earache, halitosis, teeth enamel wear and sensation of knot in throat. This study aimed at reporting the case of a patient with epigastralgia and persistent sensation of knot in throat after surgical hiatal hernia correction and use of drugs, however with improvement of symptoms with amitriptyline and psychotherapy.CASE REPORT: Male patient, 27 years old, single and living with his mother, reporting typical and atypical GERD symptoms, with normal diagnostic tests, without improvement and with pain intensity 10 according to numerical visual scale even with preventive measures, surgical treatment and clinical treatment with famotidine, tramadol and domperidone. Pain control team approach was to maintain preventive measures and drug treatment, to introduce codeine and amitriptyline and psychotherapy because a conflict with his mother was identified.CONCLUSION: Patient had significant pain improvement with amitriptyline, which is in agreement with the literature because there is 30% improvement of patients with the use of amitriptyline-type antidepressants, associated to specific drugs used for gastroesophageal reflux, such as domperidone and omeprazol.