Subjectivity on Childbearing in High School Students

PURPOSE: This study was to explore subjectivity on childbearing in high school students. METHODS: A Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each type was used. Forty-three high school students classified 40 selected Q-statements into 9 points standard. The obtained data were analyzed by using the pc-QUANL program. RESULTS: High school students' subjectivity on childbearing were analyzed into two types: Type 1 turned out to be 'FOLS (family oriented life style)' and Type 2 'CINK (couple important no kid)'. CONCLUSION: In order to resolve such problems as low birth rate and the advanced age of the population, effective youth and adult programs, policy and institution are required. The current demographic, economic and other factors such as personal values and policies may lower birth rate. In particular, youths' need for children and birth rate tend to be lower. There are positive and negative patterns in high school students' subjectivity on childbearing. Thus, national and social efforts are needed to change negative factors into positive ones. In order to maintain positive subjectivity on childbearing in high school students, it is necessary to apply family-centered educational programs and to implement birth-friendly and realistic programs for promoting child birth.

Experience in Widow's Bereavement: Q Methodology - Widow Below 2 Years Bereavement / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to identify the types of widow's bereavement experience and understand the nature of it's bereavement by using Q-methodological approach. METHODS: Contents Q sample included 46 statements obtained from literatures and interviews with 5 widows. P sample consisted of 13 widows who bereaved within 2 years. The data were collected from October 2004 to December 2006 and analyzed using Quanal program. RESULTS: Two types of widow's experience were found. Type 1 was characterized by loss suffering, and type 2 was characterized by acceptance and adaptation CONCLUSION: Widows were found to experience different types of bereavement. Therefore, bereavement care team should assess the types of suffering pain and provide appropriate care to the widows. Also, need to be developed programs to relieve or prevent suffering of bereavement.

Study of u-Health Definition using Q method's Subjectivity Analysis / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study attempted to analyze and to give a concrete form of u-Health concept which has very broad and diverse definitions until now, because of the newness of the concept. METHOD: Q method was adopted to unravel the concept, and 50 Q-statements were selected and rated by 48 P-samples, and the resulting data were analyzed by factor analysis of SPSS. RESULT: Six factors were drawn as to Potentiality, Functionality, Technology, Integrity, Futuristic and Consumer-centered. The concept u-Health was defined as "Futuristic functional healthcare service which is consumer-centered and has enormous potentiality utilizing technology". CONCLUSION: Based on the definition, u-Health should be expanded and extended crossover the boundaries of disciplines and professionals to make it the real fruition of "Consilience".

An Attitudinal Study on Women / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was formed to propose a theoretical background for improving the quality of women's lives by measuring the subjectivity on women. METHOD: Q-methodology is used for purpose. Q-statements are collected through in-depth interviews and a literature review. 34 Q-statements were selected. There are 33 subjects in the research. The Q-Factor Analysis using PC Quanl program was performed to analyze the data. RESULT: There were three types of opinions on woman. The first type(equal-recognitive) thinks that men and women are equal, women can handle men, and women are independent, valuable beings. The second type(equal-fixed idea) express that women are not behind men in terms of abilities but are supposed to live for the sake of their husbands and children. The third type(equal-practical) answer that men and women are equal, but women have their own personalities and can participate in social activities and can financially help the families. CONCLUSION: The study express the overall opinions and attitudes on woman as reviewed by the research subjects. Therefore, this study helps the seizure of an opportunity to build a theoretical base for improving the quality of women's lives.

Disease-Related Stress Experienced by Women with Mastectomy: Q Methodology / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: To identify the type of disease-related stress experienced by women who received mastectomy for breast cancer using Q methodology. METHOD: Q sample included 30 statements obtained from literature and interviews with women with mastectomy. P sample consisted of 22 patients with mastectomy. The data were collected from November to December 2002 and analyzed using QUANL program. RESULT: Four types of disease-related stress experienced by women with mastectomy were found. Type 1 was manifested for a short duration following surgery and characterized by lowered self-esteem, feelings of emptiness and depression because of impaired body image. Type 2 was characterized by declined physical strength, resulting in frequent fatigue in the daily life and less intimate relationship with spouse. Type 3 was manifested by perfectionists with strong sense of self-pride who received or considered breast reconstruction surgery. Type 4 was reported by those who had long period of post-surgery. This type reported a strong sense of discomfort for wearing an artificial breast but didn't show any intention of trying breast reconstruction surgery. CONCLUSION: Women with mastectomy were found to experience different type of disease-related distress. Therefore, nurses should assess the type of stress the patient experiences following a mastectomy to provide appropriate nursing care.