Clinical effects of 532 nm picosecond and nanosecond Nd∶YAG laser in treatment of early seborrheic keratosis / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To compare the efficacy and adverse reactions of picosecond and nanosecond Nd∶YAG laser 532 nm in the treatment of seborrheic keratosis.Methods:A total of 30 patients with seborrheic keratosis were enrolled in this study. The rash size was more than 1-2 cm. Half of them were treated with picosecond laser and the other half with nanosecond Q-switched Nd∶YAG laser by wavelength of 532 nm. The treatment effect and adverse reactions were evaluated by observing the area and the disappearance of pigment. The patients were followed up for 3 months after treatment.Results:The total effective rate was 73.33% in the experimental group and 53.33% in the control group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05), but the pain score, satisfactory score, scab shedding time and the incidence of pigmentation in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The 532 nm picosecond laser has a higher efficiency in treating seborrheic keratosis than 532 nm Q-switched Nd∶YAG, but it has no statistical significance. However, the self satisfaction is higher than that of the control group; the pain score, scab shedding time and the incidence of pigmentation are lower than those of the control group, with statistical significance. Therefore, picosecond 532 nm laser treatment of early seborrheic keratosis is worthy of clinical promotion.

Optimizing Q-switched lasers for melasma and acquired dermal melanoses

The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is an established modality of treatment for epidermal and dermal pigmented lesions. The dual wavelengths of 1064nm and 532nm are suited for the darker skin tones encountered in India. Though this laser has become the one of choice for conditions such as nevus of Ota, Hori's nevus and tattoos, its role in the management of melasma and other acquired dermal melanoses is not clear. Despite several studies having been done on the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in melasma, there is no consensus on the protocol or number of sessions required. Acquired dermal melanoses are heterogenous entities with the common features of pigment incontinence and dermal melanophages resulting in greyish macular hyperpigmentation. This article reviews the current literature on laser toning in melasma and the role of the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in stubborn pigmentary disorders such as lichen planus pigmentosus. As the pathology is primarily dermal or mixed epidermal-dermal in these conditions, the longer wavelength of 1064nm is preferred due to its deeper penetration. Generally multiple sessions are needed for successful outcomes. Low fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064nm utilizing the multi-pass technique with a large spot size has been suggested as a modality to treat melasma. Varying degrees of success have been reported but recurrences are common on discontinuing laser therapy. Adverse effects such as mottled hypopigmentation have been reported following laser toning; these can be minimized by using larger spot sizes of 8 to 10mm with longer intervals (2 weeks) between sessions.

Effective Treatment for Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation Caused by Cosmetic Procedures / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is one of the most common adverse effects associated with dermatologic procedures, especially those for cosmetic purposes. Low fluence Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser (LFQS) has been widely used for this condition in the field, but reports in the literature are scarce. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the clinical benefit and limitation of LFQS in the treatment of PIH after cosmetic procedures. METHODS: Patients with PIH after laser treatment were enrolled in the study. Patients were treated with LFQS at an interval of 2 to 3 weeks. Photographs were taken. Objective measurement included erythema and melanin indices at the same site. Two blinded assessors graded the degree of improvement using a photograph based on a quartile scale (0~3). Patient satisfaction after treatment was also reported. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients were included in the analysis. Patients received 10 treatment sessions. Patients who started LFQS treatment within 3 months after the causal event showed a better treatment outcome. Those who had a higher erythema index before treatment tended to respond less to the treatment. CONCLUSION: LFQS may be a good treatment modality for patients with PIH. Earlier treatment can provide rapid resolution and better clinical results. However, for patients with PIH combined with intense erythema, LFQS may not be the first choice to consider in the clinical field.

Permanent Makeup Removal from Murine Skin Using 1,064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG Laser and 694-nm Q-switched Ruby Laser: Comparing the Degree of Removal Following Irradiation at Different Time Points after Application / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Q-switched lasers have made it possible to remove tattoos without leaving unsightly scars. OBJECTIVE: Tobdetermine the optimal time for permanent makeup removal using Q-switched Nd:YAG and ruby lasers, we compared the degree of removal and associated histological changes following irradiation at different time points. METHODS: Using black ink and a permanent makeup machine, we performed 108 separate permanent makeup applications on rat skin. The 1,064-nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (QSNDL) and 694-nm Q-switched ruby laser (QSRL) were used to irradiate the permanent makeup on the day of its application and also 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days later. We assessed changes in pigmentation over time at each irradiated site using Mexameter® measurements and skin biopsies. RESULTS: The Mexameter® analysis demonstrated no significant differences in pigment removal among irradiations with QSNDL or QSRL on the day of permanent makeup application or at 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days later. Histological analysis demonstrated that permanent makeup pigment migrated from the epidermis to the superficial and mid dermis over time. QSNDL more effectively removed pigment throughout the epidermis and dermis compared to QSRL. CONCLUSION: For maximum pigment removal efficacy, the melanin index results suggest that laser treatment should be performed on the day permanent makeup is applied. However, from the histological perspective, permanent makeup should be removed approximately 1 week later, at which point the crusts have peeled off and the wound repair process is almost complete. In this study, histological analysis suggested the superiority of treatment with QSNDL to that with QSRL.

Split-face Comparison of Pulse-in-pulse Type Intense Pulsed Light Versus Low-fluence Multi-pass 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG Laser in the Treatment of Facial Melasma / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Melasma, a common chronic pigmentary disorder, is resistant to various treatments. Recently, pulse-in-pulse type of intense pulsed light (PIP IPL) has been introduced as a treatment for melasma. It can emit multiple peaks during one pulse wave to deliver photothermal energy more effectively with gentle and even low energy so that complications are minimal. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of PIP IPL to low-fluence, multi-pass, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of facial melasma. METHODS: Fifteen female patients with melasma who had Fitzpatrick skin type III or IV were enrolled in this study between November 2014 and April 2015. Patients underwent 6 sessions of treatment at an interval of 1 week. One half of each patient's face was treated with 2 passes of PIP IPL with a fluence of 13~15 J/cm₂. The other half of the face was treated with 4 passes of Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser with a fluence of 1.6~1.8 J/cm₂. Results were evaluated at every visit, including modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score, subject's global assessment, and investigator's global assessment. RESULTS: Modified MASI scores were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in both groups after 6 treatment sessions. Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser treatment was more effective than PIP IPL for the treatment of melasma, although the two treatments did not significantly (p=0.44) differ in effectiveness. However, the discomfort levels of patients in the PIP IPL group following procedures were significantly lower compared to those in the Q-Switched Nd:YAG group. CONCLUSION: The current investigation demonstrated that PIP IPL treatment for melasma in Korean women was not inferior to collimated low fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment.

Use of Q-switched Nd:YAG Laser in the Treatment of Longitudinal Melanonychia / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Response to intradermal autologous platelet rich plasma injection in refractory dermal melasma: report of two cases

Refractory dermal melasma is resistant to conventional treatment. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) may help to reduce the pigmentation of melasma. We present a case report on the clinical outcome of 2 patients with melasma, given PRP, as an adjunct therapy. PRP was administered at a monthly interval for 2 sessions in combination with a monthly Q-switched Nd Yag laser treatment and topical alpha arbutin application. A modified melasma area and severity index (MASI) was evaluated by two dermatologists who were blinded. At the follow up on the 3rd months, the MASI score was reduced by mean 33.5% for case 1 and 20% for case 2. There were no clinical complications for case 1. However recurrence of melasma was noted in case 2 by a worsening of the MASI score mean to 53% at the sixth months follow up. In conclusion, intradermal PRP injection as an adjunct to the conventional treatment of melasma presented with differing results in two cases.

Comparison of Wound Repair after Irradiation of Rat Skin with 1064 nm Nd:YAG, CO2, and Er:YAG Lasers / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Laser therapy for various skin conditions is one of the most common procedures in dermatology. Recently, several articles described the use of 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers for the treatment of benign skin lesions. Such treatment is known to trigger its therapeutic effect through a photoacoustic effect and selective photothermolysis effect. However, only a limited number of articles have dealt with the theoretical base of the photoacoustic effect of the 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. OBJECTIVE: To compare the wound repair process and nonselective tissue heat damage induced by three different laser modalities: the CO2 laser, Er:YAG laser, and 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. METHODS: We irradiated the skin of an albino rat (Sprague Dawley(R), 200~250 g) with CO2, Er:YAG, and 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers. Skin biopsy specimens of the irradiated areas were collected on the first, fifth, and tenth day after laser exposure. For histologic analysis, the specimens were stained with the H&E, Verhoff-Van Gieson, and Masson's trichrome protocols. RESULTS: Compared with other laser modalities, rat skin irradiated by the 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser showed the least amount of heat damage and the quickest tissue repair response to the damage. CONCLUSION: A 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a photoacoustic effect capable of ablating the epidermis and dermis can be a proper treatment modality for the removal of benign skin lesions. The 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser may be considered as an alternative treatment option for the treatment of benign skin lesions.

Nevus of Ota is a Rare Nevus and Q-switched Laser is the Best Available Option for Successful Treatment.

Patients with the nevus of Ota have increased amounts of melanin (pigment) and melanin-producing cells (melanocytes) in and around their eyes. This includes the intraocular blood vessel layer called the uvea (choroid, ciliary body and iris), on the sclera (the white part of the eye ball), and in the eyelids. Q-switched laser is the best available option for successful treatment.

A comparative study on efficacy of high and low fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and glycolic acid peel in melasma.

Background: Melasma is acquired symmetric hypermelanosis characterized by light-to-deep brown pigmentation over cheeks, forehead, upper lip, and nose. Treatment of this condition is difficult and associated with high recurrence rates. With the advent of newer therapies, there is interest in the use of glycolic acid peels and Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (QSNYL) in high and low fluence for this disorder. Aims: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of low fluence QSNYL, high fluence QSNYL, and glycolic acid peel in melasma in three study groups of 25 patients each. Methods: Seventy-five Indian patients diagnosed as melasma were included. These patients were randomly divided in three groups (Group A = 25 patients of melasma treated with low-fluence QSNYL at weekly intervals, Group B = 25 patients of melasma treated with glycolic acid peel at 2 weeks intervals, Group C = 25 patients of melasma treated with high-fluence QSNYL at 2 weeks intervals). Study period and follow-up period was of 12 weeks each. Out of the 75 patients included, 21 patients in Group A, 19 patients in Group B, and 20 patients in Group C completed the study. Response to treatment was assessed using melasma area and severity index score. Results: Significant improvement was recorded in all the three groups. The improvement was statistically highly significant in Group A as compared to Group C (P<0.005), significant in Group A as compared to Group B (P<0.05), and also in Group B when compared to Group C (P<0.05). Low-fluence QSNYL was associated with least side effects. Conclusions: This study shows the efficacy of low-fluence QSNYL and glycolic acid peel in melasma. These could be an effective treatment options compared to conventional methods for the treatment of melasma.

1064 nm Q switched Nd: YAG laser treatment of nevus of Ota: An Indian open label prospective study of 50 patients.

Background: Nevus of Ota is very common in Asians. Estimated male to female ratio is 1:4.8. Patients seek treatment early in life due to psychological trauma and cosmetic disfigurement. The creation of high power, short pulse Q switched lasers has recently provided tools for considerable therapeutic advances in the treatment of dermal pigmented lesions. Aims: To determine the efficacy and side-effect profile of Q switched Nd:YAG Laser (QSNYL) in fifty Indian patients. Methods: Fifty patients of nevus of Ota underwent multiple treatments (average 5 sessions) at monthly intervals carried out over a period of 2 years with QSNYL (Med-lite C6). Of the 50 patients, 2 were males; and the rest were females. Skin types treated included phototype IV and V. The response after subsequent treatments was documented through serial photographs that were taken before and after every treatment session. Response to the treatment was graded based on quartile grading scale. Results: Near total improvement was seen in 8%, marked improvement in 22%, moderate improvement in 38% and 32% patients reported less than 25% clearing of the lesion. All patients reported some improvement. Transient postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was observed in 4 (8%) patients, which cleared with use of sunscreens and bleaching agents within 2 months. No textural change or scarring was observed in any patient. Conclusions: QSNYL is an easy-to-perform and effective treatment in cases of nevus of Ota in Indian patients with few side effects.

Treatment of a Congenital Melanocytic Nevus by New Combined Therapy: Intense Pulsed Light and a Q-switched Nd:YAG Laser / 대한피부과학회지

A congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) is present at birth in approximately 1% of newborn infants. Treating CMN with a single laser without complications is very difficult because of the deep nature of the pigments in this lesion. A 5-year-old girl presented with a single 3x6 cm sized dark brown plaque on the right lower leg; some black hairs were also evident inside the pigmented lesion. She received ten treatments with intense pulsed light and then four treatments with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. In order to achieve the chemoexfoliation, a topically modified Kligman formula (Trilusta(R)) was applied to the pigmented lesion twice a day for 6 months. Complete pigment clearance and hair removal were obtained and no side effects were observed. These results have been maintained for up to 18 months follow-up. We suggest that this combined treatment will be a good option for treating CMN with minimal scarring.

A Case of Macular Hole after Exposure to Tattoo Removal by Q-Switched Neodymium:YAG Laser

PURPOSE: To report a case of a macular hole resulting from accidental exposure to tattoo removal by the Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser, which was treated successfully by vitrectomy and silicone oil infusion. CASE SUMMARY: A 33-year-old man presented with decreased visual acuity after accidental exposure to a Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser. According to fundus examination, vitreous hemorrhage and macular edema were observed. After 21 days, a macular hole had developed which was treated by standard pars plana vitrectomy and gas tamponade. Unfortunately, closure was not obtained on the first attempt. Therefore, a second attempt using silicone oil infusion was performed. Four months after the initial visit, BCVA had increased to 20/50, and anatomical occlusion was achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The authors of the present study experienced an unusual case of macular hole developed from the Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser used to remove a tattoo. A satisfactory visual acuity was achieved after silicone oil infusion despite failure in the first surgery.

A Case of Dyschromatosis Universalis Hereditaria Treated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG Laser / 대한피부과학회지

Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria is a rare pigmentary disorder that's characterized by the presence of both small and irregular sized hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules in a generalized distribution. The pattern of inheritance is thought to be autosomal dominant, but some sporadic and autosomal recessive inheritance cases have also been reported. We report here on a case of a-15-year old female patient with dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria, which is compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance. The patient presented with numerous small and irregularly sized hyper-and hypopigmented macules on her face, trunk and both the arms and legs, but not on the palms and soles. By analysis of her familial pedigree, we found an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. The biopsy specimen taken from the hyperpigmented macules showed increased melanin granules and pigmentation in the basal cell layer of the epidermis. Various therapeutic trials have been introduced to treat these lesions, but there have been few reports of simple effective treatments for the hyper-and hypopigmented lesions. So, we tried treating the hyperpigmented macules with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and we obtained a successful result.

Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser Therapy of Acquired Bilateral Nevus of Ota-like Macules

BACKGROUND: Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules (ABNOM) is a dermal pigmented lesion common in individuals of Oriental origin. The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (QSNYL) has been used successfully to treat a variety of benign, dermal, pigmented lesions, including nevus of Ota lesions. The similarity between ABNOM and nevus of Ota suggested that QSNYL may also be effective in the former. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and side-effect profiles of QSNYL treatment of ABNOM in Korean patients. METHODS: Of 42 Korean patients with ABNOM, 29 were treated with QSNYL (1,064 nm, 3 mm spot size, fluence 8~9.5 J/cm2), for up to 10 sessions each. Clinical photographs were taken before and after treatment. Lesion clearance was graded and complications such as hyperpigmentation, scarring, hypopigmentation, and erythema were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 29 treated patients, 19 (66%) showed excellent or good results. Of the patients who were treated more than 3 times, 76% showed good to excellent results. Two patients experienced post-laser hyperpigmentation (PLH), which persisted for more than one month, but no patient experienced persistent erythema or hypertrophic scarring. CONCLUSION: QSNYL is safe and effective in the treatment of ABNOM in Korean patients. Short-interval repetitive treatment is especially useful in improving therapeutic results and reducing PLH.

A retrospective study of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of Hori’s naevus

Background Hori’s naevus is an acquired bilateral naevus of Ota-like macules (ABNOM). It was first reported by Hori et al in 1984. It is common among Asians and has a female preponderance. Hori’s naevus is characterised by blue-brown macules typically on the malar region of the face. Objectives To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with Hori’s naevus seen at Hospital Kuala Lumpur and the efficacy of Qswitched neodynium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in the treatment of this condition. Method A retrospective analysis of 16 patients diagnosed clinically with Hori’s naevus and treated with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was carried out. Patient’s demographic data and clinical characteristics, response to Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, complications and recurrence were reviewed. Results A total of 16 patients diagnosed clinically with Hori’s naevus and treated with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser were reviewed. Fifteen of the patients were female with one male. Their ages ranged from 33-61 years old (mean age = 47). Nine of these patients were Chinese with seven Malays. All had Fitzpatrick skin phototype IV. The age of onset ranged from 15-45 years old. The most common clinical presentation was bilateral brown macules on the malar region of the face. Eleven patients received treatment with Q-switched 1064nm Nd:YAG and five combination treatment with Q-switched 532nm Nd:YAG followed by 1064nm laser. Two patients were lost to follow up after a single treatment. After a single treatment, 13 patients graded their clinical response as ‘poor’ (0-25% improvement) and 1 as ‘fair’ (26-50% improvement). Six patients received a total of two treatments of whom 4 graded their response as ‘fair’ (26-50% improvement) and 2 as ‘good’ (51-75% improvement). Two patients who received a total of four treatments graded their responses as ‘good’ and ‘excellent’ (76-100% improvement) respectively. 10 patients had significant hyperpigmentation post laser treatment. However, none reported any recurrences. Conclusion There is no difference in pigment clearance between concurrent use of Q-switched 532nm Nd:YAG laser followed by 1064nm laser and Q-switched 1064nm Nd:YAG laser for Hori’s naevus. However, there is only minimal improvement after a single treatment, and multiple sessions are required to achieve satisfactory improvement. Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation was the main complication seen.

Coloration of the skin on the face due to clofazimine is cleared by Q-switched ND-YAG laser / 나학회지

The Clofazimine is a rimino-phenazine dye. The color is a purplish-back. The drug is reported to be weakly bactericidal and also effective in the management of leprosy reactions apparently. The drug produces relatively few side effects in the majority of patients. The most prominent is coloration of the skin. The coloration can range anywhere from a reddish-tan to purplish-black. so, many patients avoid taking clofazimine. The Q-switched ND-YAG laser is a good medical instrument for clearing coloration of the skin. It releases two wavelength of 532nm and 1064nm. The wavelength of 532nm reachs shallow depth of the skin. So, it is effective in the clearance of a red, yellow tatto, freckle and lentigo. The wavelength of 1064nm reachs about 4-6mm depth of the skin. So, it is effective in the clearance of blue-black tatto and ota nevus. The leprosy patients who has purplish-black coloration of the skin in the face due to clofazimine is cleared by Q-switched ND-YAG laser. We operated twice with 3months interval. The wavelength is 532nm, spot size 3mm, energy 1.5J/cm2. The coloration of the skin in the face is almost cleared.

A Case of Dermal Melanocyte Hamartoma Treated with Q-switched Nd-YAG Laser / 대한피부과학회지

Dermal melanocytosis is characterized by the presence of ectopic melanocytes in the dermis. There are several clinical forms, such as blue nevus, mongolian spot, nevus of Ota, nevus of Ito and dermal melanocyte hamartoma. Differential diagnostic features of these dermal melanocytic lesions depend on onset, course, distribution and histologic feature. A 24-year-old woman presented with an asymptomatic 6x3.5cm bluish-to-grayish speckled patch on the left calf, which had been there since birth. Histopathologic findings, using Hematoxylin & eosin staining, revealed marked increase in the infiltrate of pigment cells mainly in the upper dermis. The patient was treated twice with a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (Medlite Co., USA). Clinical improvement was observed. Herein, we report a case of dermal melanocyte hamartoma treated with a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser.

Treatment of a Becker's Nevus Using a Q-Switched ND: YAG Laser / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Becker's nevus is a relatively common pigmented smooth muscle harmatoma that develops during adolescence and occurs primarily in young men. The nevus, characterized by hypertrichosis and hyperpigmentation, is usually located unilaterally over the shoulder, upper arm, and scapula. These nevi are not only cosmetically undesirable but also psychologically distressing, as traditional surgical therapies have been either unsuccessful or have resulted in scarring. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the clinical improvement of 14 patients with a becker's nevus who were treated with a Q-switched (QS) frequency doubled ND: YAG laser in order to decrease pigmentation. METHODS: Our study was designed by analyzing the clinical improvement of outpatients with becker's nevus via clinical examination and photography. RESULTS: The results were as follows; Male to female ratio of 2.5: 1. The mean age was 19.7 years old and the subjects in most of the studies were young adult. The mean age of onset was 5.7 years old (below 5 years old: n=8, 57%). We treated 14 patients with a QS ND: YAG laser. The patients' response to treatment was; excellent; 14%, good; 36%, fair; 21%, and poor; 29%. Conparison, was made, of the positive clinical improvement in patients who received treatment once (n=10) and those who received treatment more than twice (n=4). Multiple treatments (75%) showed superior improvement compared with single treatment (40%). The clinical improvement, the according to the area of lesions, was the best in the neck (100%) and the worst in the trunk (25%). The lesions were accompanied by hair in 6 cases. Among these, the excellent or good cases were 33%. The other patients (8 cases) without hairs had more positive results (63%). Treatment effects according to laser fluence were not shown to be significant. During the study, the most common complication was hyperpigmentation (36%), followed by transient erythema (14%). Scarring or hypopigmenatation had resulted in none. CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that QS ND: YAG laser irradiation is an effective and safe method to treat the hyperpigmentation characteristic of a becker's nevus. Long-term further evaluation will be necessary to determine whether the favorable results observed in these patient will be permanent.

The Therapeutic Effects of the Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser on Pigmented Lesions

The Q-switched lasers which was introduced under the concept of selective photothermolysis. Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, which targets dark pigments in a longer wave length (1064 nm) that has less absorption by melanin, can effectively treat deep tattoos with less pigmentary alterations. We report our experience over the past 3 years in treating 565 patients with tattoos and cutaneous pigmented lesions using the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Patients were exposed with a pulse duration of 10 ns and fluences of 6, 7 J/cm2(1064 nm) or 12, 14 J/cm2(532 nm), in exposure spots of 2 mm or 3 mm, at intervals of 4 weeks. Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was effective in removing deep pigmented lesion with 1064 nm, and colored inks with 532 nm. Seventy-three percent of amateur black pigmented lesion were > 75% clear after four to ten treatment. Ninty-eight percent of professional black pigmented lesion were > 75% clear after two on eyebrow, six to eight on extremity and trunk. No significant side effects, including pigmentary changes or scarring, were noted.