Diagnostic accuracy of Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD) measurements via Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) in the assessment of osteoporosis in Filipino women diagnosed with breast cancer using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) as gold standard

Background@#Breast cancer, chemotherapy and endocrine treatment are risk factors for osteoporosis. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. A quantitative computed tomography (QCT) with a bone mineral density analysis software on the whole abdomen CT may be used for screening osteoporosis without additional radiation exposure or cost.@*Objective@#To determine the accuracy of QCT in detecting osteoporosis among breast cancer patients using DXA as gold standard. @*Methods@#This is a cross-sectional analytic study of 76 Filipino women with breast cancer who underwent both DXA and whole abdomen CT scans. The DXA measurements were obtained using Lunar iDXA manufactured by GE Healthcare while the QCT measurements were made using the BMD analysis software available in the Philips Extended Brilliance Workspace post-processing system.@*Results@#Out of the 76 Filipino women with breast cancer, 92% were menopausal women with mean age of 58.9 (SD 8.7) years, 69.7% had IDCA and 94.7% had mastectomy. Majority had normal BMD (44.7%), 34.2% had osteopenia and 21.1% had osteoporosis based on DXA. QCT has 90% (95% CI: 55.5-99.8) sensitivity, 63.6% (95% CI: 30.1- 89.1) specificity, 69.2% (95% CI: 50.1-83.5) PPV, 87.5 (95% CI:50.8-97.9) NPV, 2.5 (95% CI:1.1-5.6) LR(+) and 0.16 (95% CI:0.02-1.06) LR (-).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia among Filipino women with breast cancer was 21.1% and 34.2%. The sensitivity and specificity of QCT in detecting osteoporosis was 90% and 63.6%.

Quantitative computed tomography analysis for stratifying the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 / 药物分析学报

To examine the feasibility of using a computer tool for stratifying the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on computed tomography (CT) images. We retrospectively examined 44 confirmed COVID-19 cases. All cases were evaluated separately by radiologists (visually) and through an in-house computer software. The degree of lesions was visually scored by the radiologist, as follows, for each of the 5 lung lobes:0, no lesion present;1,<1/3 involvement;2,>1/3 and<2/3 involvement;and 3,>2/3 involvement. Lesion density was assessed based on the proportion of ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and fibrosis of the lesions. The parameters obtained using the computer tool included lung volume (mL), lesion volume (mL), lesion percentage (％), and mean lesion density (HU) of the whole lung, right lung, left lung, and each lobe. The scores obtained by the radiologists and quantitative results generated by the computer software were tested for correlation. A Chi-square test was used to test the consistency of radiologist- and computer-derived lesion percentage in the right/left lung, upper/lower lobe, and each of the 5 lobes. The results showed a strong to moderate correlation between lesion percentage scores obtained by radiologists and the computer software (r ranged from 0.7679 to 0.8373, P < 0.05), and a moderate correlation between the proportion of GGO and mean lesion density (r=-0.5894, P<0.05), and proportion of consolidation and mean lesion density (r=0.6282, P<0.05). Computer-aided quantification showed a statistical significant higher lesion percentage for lower lobes than that assessed by the radiologists (x2 = 8.160, P = 0.004). Our experiments demonstrated that the computer tool could reliably and accurately assess the severity and distribution of pneumonia on CT scans.

Obesity its Correlation With Sleep Patterns And Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Medical College Students Of Mmimsr, Ambala

With the advancement in technology and change in lifestyle, social shifts have been moving towards night life and the correlation between obesity and sleep duration has become even much stronger. Present study was done to find out any correlation between obesity with sleep patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness among the medical college students of MMIMSR, Mullana. Methods: 500 participants, of which 250 male and 250 female student participants of age group 18-25 years were randomly taken from Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana [Ambala] for the study. The students were examined thoroughly under similar laboratory condition so as to exclude those with the history of any acute or chronic illness or on long term medication or with a history of traumatic injuries. Pittsburg sleep quality Index (PSQI) scale was taken to access sleep patterns. Each student was given a standardized and validated questionnaire in a form of proforma to determine their sleep patterns. By using Quetelet index, BMI of each student was calculated and Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated indirectly by following the protocol of Queen’s College Step Test [QCT] method by calculating VO2max. Results: The result of our study showed highly positive significant association and correlation between obesity and sleep patterns in both male and female groups and highly significant correlation between obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness in both male and female groups. Conclusion: Proper awareness and education at early stage is extremely important to impress the consequences of low sleep duration and in prevention of development of obesity and improvement in the cardiorespiratory fitness.

Densitometría mineral ósea por tomografía computada / Bone mineral densitometry by computed tomography

La tomografía computarizada cuantitativa (QCT) es una técnica de medición real de la densidad ósea (DMO), en forma volumétrica (g/cm3) mediante ROI (región de interés), sin interferencias propias ni externas en el esqueleto axial o periférico. Otros métodos, tales como DXA (de las siglas inglesas Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) sólo proporcionan estimaciones en proyección de la densidad ósea, generando sus resultados en proyección de área (g/cm3), no proporcionando un verdadero valor de la profundidad de la región. La atenuación ultrasónica, tasa de transmisión del ultrasonido (US) sólo pueden reflejar la arquitectura ósea. Esto concluye que la tomografía computarizada cuantitativa (QCT) proporciona predicciones válidas de la masa ósea trabecular, cortical y volumétrica, y de la capacidad mecánica del hueso, con la posibilidad de medición muscular regional (LRM) de gran importancia para la evaluación de la relación músculo/hueso.

Application of QCT in diagnosis of osteoporosis / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the clinical signiticance of quantitative computed tomography(QCT) adjust bone mineral density measurement in diagnosis of osteoporosis. Methods The vertebral BMD of 604 elderly patients were measured. Results BMD between 50 ～ 59 years group and 60 ～ 69 years group was significantly different, and women even more prominent. With age increasing, BMD of women decreased more rapidly than that of men. Females in 60 ～ 65 years had high incidence of fractures, while man was more than 70 years. Conclusion QCT could provide specific osteoporosis BMD values and contribute to the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

The Assessment of Bone Mineral Density in The Lumbar Vertebra Using Quantitative Computed Tomography / 대한척추외과학회지

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the relationship between the bone mineral density (BMD) and low back pain and between BMD and the spinal fractures of postmenopausal women and to determine threshold value of the fracture. SUMMARY AND LITERATURE REVIEW: Low back pain was not associated with a decreased BMD, and BMD of the spine fracture group with osteoporosis was significantly lower than the non fracture group. The threshold of fracture was 99 mg/cm3 in the 90th percentile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 324 subjects between January 2003 to December 2004, postmenopausal women, in whom the mean value of BMD and lumbar vertebrae (L2, L3, L4) were measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), were given a questionnaire regarding the level of low back pain over the previous twelve months. The low back pain was divided several groups according to frequency: none, some of the time and most of the time. The spinal fracture was assessed by a simple radiology measurement and divided its into the fracture group and non fracture group. In addition, statistical analysis of the BMD with low back pain and with a spinal fracture was performed. The threshold value of the fracture was calculated using the Riggs method. RESULTS: Of the 324 subjects, there were 34 cases of spinal fractures in whom the fracture was not caused by high energy trauma. Among the non-fracture groups, low back pain was not associated with a lower BMD. The BMD of the spinal fracture group with osteoporosis was significantly lower than in the non fracture group (p<0.01). The threshold of fracture was 99 mg/cm3 in the 90th percentile. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that the BMD be measured in women in whom more than 5 years has passed since menopause, even if they show no symptoms. In addition, osteoporosis patients with a BMD < 99 mg/cm3 will need to be treated more intensively.

Study on the toxicity of the instant tea "QCT" in treatment of urticaria

This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety or the formula "QCT' in treatment of urticaria. The results showed that "QCT" has no acute and sub-acute toxicity. LD50 with a high dose (62.5 folds higher than that used for people) was not specified. Oral administration of "QCT' at a high dose (25 folds higher than that used for people) for 8 weeks caused no side-effects in organs and viscera

Change in bone mineral density according to aging in Korean women: Study of Using Quantitative Computerized Tomography / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: We measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of the cortical and cancellous bone of the lumbar spine in women by using QCT to evaluate the influence of the aging process and menopause on both bones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The BMD of cancellous and cortical bone in L1, L2 and L3 was assessed by QCT in 510 patients from 1997 to 1999. RESULTS: The rate of cancellous bone loss was more markedly increased than that of cortical bone with aging process and menopause, while the density of cortical bone was more effective to whole bone density. Cortical bone density and whole bone mineral density were higher in L3 than L1 vertebra. On the contrary, the cancellous bone density was higher in L1. CONCLUSION: The BMD of cancellous bone decreased a lot more than that of cortical bone in postmenopausal women. We conclude that preventing cancellous bone loss is of the utmost importance for the prevention of osteoporosis after menopause.

Bone Density and Mechanical Property after Locked Intramedullary Nailing of the Long Bone Fractures: Preliminary Study of QCT & Lunar of 15 Long Bone Fractures / 대한정형외과학회잡지

The decrease of bone density after fracture is a well-known phenomenon. Several studies of the changes of bone density after fracture demonstrated bone density decreased not only at the fracture site, b ut also along the whole fractured bone. Being treated with locked intramedullary (IM) nailing, 15 patients with the long bone fractures of lower limbs were examined by Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) or Dual-Energy X-ray Bone Densitometer (Lunar DPX-L) a few days after nail removal. In the cases of QCT (5 patients of the tibia shaft fracture), cortical bone density, cortical thickness and geometrical shape (i.e. external antero-posterior and medio-lateral diameters) of the fracture site were compared to those of the contralateral side. On the other hand, in the case of Lunar' (5 patients of the tibia shaft fracture & 5 patients of the femur shaft fracture), only cortical bone density was compared to that of the contralateral side. The results of this study were as follows: 1. When treated by the locked intramedullary nailing of the long bone fractures, the bone density of the tibia & femur shaft fractures measured from the fracture site, proximal and distal sites to mid-fracture decreased. 2. There was a difference in the bone density of the uninjured long bone diaphysis of the tibia & femur shaft fractures. That is, in the case of the tibia shaft fracture, the bone density of the ipsilateral femur diaphysis measured by QCT increased 2 %, and increased 7 % when measured by Lunar. But, in the case of the femur shaft fracture, the bone density of the ipsilateral tibia diaphysis measured by Lunar decreased 4%. 3. In the case of the tibia shaft fracture, the cortical thickness in the fracture site measured by QCT increased 72 %, and external antero-posterior and medio-lateral diameters increased 7 % and 63 %. It seemed to be the formation of peripheral callus due to medullary reaming preceding intramedullary nail insertion. Therefore, this clinical study demonstrated that the mechanical property of the long bone fractures was restored and restricted weight bearing hardly needs to recommended when the nail was removed after the fracture union. 4. The bone densities of the tibia shaft fratures measured by QCT were not different with those measured by Lunar.

Bone Mineral Density of Lumbar Spine Measured by DEXA and QCT / 대한정형외과학회잡지

To study the relationship between the bone mineral density measured by DEXA and QCT methods and to study the factors influencing on the value, bone mineral density in 208 patients with low back pain were measured by the two methods and compared statistically. Ages were varied between 17 to 79(Av. 46.7) years and male and female were 86 and 122. The results of this are as follows; 1. The values of DEXA and QCT showed statistically significant relationship(γ=0.58) as a whole. And bone mineral density in L2, L3 and L4 showed no difference in both groups. 2. Bone loss by aging(per year) in male and female was 0.99% and 1.06% by DEXA, 0,99% and 1.41% by QCT. 3. Body height and weight showed no significant influence of the value in two methods. 4. In body mass index over 27.5, the value measured by QCT was influenced to be diminished while that of DEXA was not influenced. 5. The value by QCT was influenced to be diminished by the increase of age especially over 50 years old in both sex. While the value by DEXA was influenced to be lowered than expected in female over 50 years old. It is concluded that the methods of measurement of bone mineral density have their limitation depend on the age, sex and mass index.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF SKULL BONE STRENGTH BY MEANS OF QUANTIT ATIVE COMPUTED T0MOGRAPHY / 中国法医学杂志

This investigation determined the content of water,organic components and mineral of 80 skullparital bones from cadavers. Basing on semistatic test of anti-bending and anti-compressive mechanicsthe bone mineral contents were measured by quantitative computed tomogrophy. The relationship be-tween bone mineral contents and the mechanical properties was showed. The results suggested thatthere are positive interrelationship between anti-bending strength and skull spongiosa and betweenanti. compressive strength and skull compacta interna (r = O. 51 and O. 34, P