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1.
Rev. Ciênc. Plur ; 9(1): 29294, 27 abr. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1427982

ABSTRACT

Introdução:A chegadadapandemia da COVID-19 afetou diretamente o planejamento alimentar de instituições municipais, estaduais e de demais âmbitos, dentre eles as refeiçõesofertadas peloprograma restaurante popular, importante na garantia da segurança alimentarda população mais vulnerável.Objetivo:Avaliar de forma qualitativa as preparações do cardápio do almoço do Restaurante Popular do município de Santa Cruz-Rio Grande do Nortee os impactos do cenário pandêmico da COVID-19.Metodologia:Para tanto, avaliou-se os cardápios referentes aos meses de março, abril, maio, agosto e setembro de 2021, pelo método avaliação qualitativa das preparações do cardápio. Além disso, por meio da adaptação dométodosupracitado, designou-se as preparações de acordo com as recomendações do tipo de processamento segundo o Guia Alimentar para população Brasileira. Resultados:Identificou-se uma baixa oferta de frutas e folhosos, alta de carnes gordurosas e doce, regular de preparações ricas em enxofre e as cores iguais, todavia, quanto à fritura e ao conjunto de fritura + doce apresentou-se em apenas umdiada semana (n=109). Além disso, nos dois últimos meses de análisehouve aumento na oferta de folhosos, diminuição da monotonia, alimentos ricos em enxofre e doces, e ainda, as preparações com alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados + processados fizeram-se presentestodos os dias. Conclusões:Com a utilizaçãodométodo estudadofoipossível identificar ajustesno cardápiopara o período analisado, a fim de ofertar qualidade para os comensais.Ressalta-se que foi observadoque com a adaptação e redução dos casos da COVID-19, houve aumento na oferta de in natura e minimamente processados. Espera-se que melhorias e ajustes sejam realizadosnos cardápios, visto a necessidadede ser mais enfático em seu princípiode garantir a segurança alimentar (AU).


Introduction:The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic affected directly the food planning of municipal, state and other institutions, including the meals offered by the popular restaurant program, which is important in guaranteeing the food security of the vulnerablepopulation. Objective: To qualitatively evaluate the preparations of the lunch menu at Restaurante Popular in the municipality of Santa Cruz-Rio Grande do Norteand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic scenario.Methodology:To this, the menus for the months of March, April, May, August and September 2021 were evaluated by the methodqualitative evaluation of menu preparations. Furthermore, through the adaptation of the methodaformentioned, preparations were designated according to the recommendations for type of processing following the Food Guide for the Brazilian population.Results:A low supply of fruits and leafy vegetables was identified, high supply of fatty and sweet meats, regular supply of preparations rich in sulfur and the same colors. However, regarding the frying and the frying + sweet combination, it was presented in just one daythe week(n=109).Moreover, in the last two months of analysis there was an increase in the supply of hardwoods, decrease in monotony,foods rich in sulfur and sweets, and even, preparations in natura or minimally processed + processed foods were presentsevery day. Conclusions:With the use of the method studied it waspossible to adjust the menufor the analyzed periodto offer qualityto diners. It should the increase in the supply of in natura and minimally processed foods stands out with the adaptation and progression of the reduction of COVID-19cases.It is expected that improvements and adjustments will be madethe menus,given the need to be more emphatic in its principleof ensuring food safety (AU).


ntroducción: La llegada de la pandemia del COVID-19 afectó directamente la planificación alimentaria de las instituciones municipales, estatales y otras, incluyendo las comidas que ofrece el programa de restaurantes populares, importante para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria de la población más vulnerable. Objetivo:Evaluar cualitativamente las preparaciones del menú del almuerzo en el Restaurante Popular del municipio de Santa Cruz-Rio Grande do Nortey los impactos del escenario de pandemia del COVID-19.Metodología:Para ello, se evaluaron los menús de los meses de marzo, abril, mayo, agosto y septiembre de 2021 por el método evaluación cualitativa de la elaboración de menús. Además, al adaptar el métodocitado, las preparaciones fueron designadas de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del tipo de procesamiento según la Guía de Alimentos para la población brasileña.Resultados: Se identificó una baja oferta de frutas y hortalizas de hoja, alta oferta de carnes grasas y dulces, regular oferta de preparaciones ricasen azufre y los mismos colores,aún,en cuanto a la fritura y la combinación fritura + dulce, se presentó en un solo díade lasemana(n=109). Además, en los últimos dos meses de análisishubo un aumento en la oferta de maderas duras, una disminución de la monotonía, alimentos ricos en azufre y dulces, y aun, las preparaciones con alimentos in natura o mínimamente procesados + procesados presentes todos los días. Conclusiones: Con el uso del método estudió fueposible identificar ajustes en el menúpara el período analizado, con el fin de ofrecer calidad a los comensales. Cabe señalar que se observó que con la adaptación y reducción delcasosCOVID-19, hubo un aumento en la oferta de productos in natura y mínimamente procesados. Se espera que se realicenmejoras y ajustesa los menús, dada las necesidades más enfáticasen su principiode garantizar la seguridad alimentaria (AU).


Subject(s)
Food and Nutrition Education , Collective Feeding , Food Services/instrumentation , COVID-19/transmission , Qualitative Evaluation of Menu Preparations/methods , Menu Planning/standards , Restaurants/standards , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Qualitative Research , Document Analysis
2.
RECIIS (Online) ; 17(1): 206-224, jan.-marc. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1419254

ABSTRACT

Aedes aegypti é o principal vetor dos agentes etiológicos de dengue, zika e chikungunya, doenças para as quais não existem vacinas totalmente eficazes. Alternativas de controle visando mitigar essas arboviroses são primordiais. Entre essas, o controle mecânico aborda práticas de eliminação e/ou limpeza de criadouros do vetor. Neste relato, apresentamos e avaliamos criticamente ações realizadas pelo grupo, ocorridas entre 2016 e 2019, nas quais divulgamos informação científica clara através do diálogo com a população. Os métodos utilizados foram: 1) palestras em escolas (público infantojuvenil) utilizando slides, fotos e vídeos; 2) oficinas (público misto), estande com material in vivo do ciclo de vida do Aedes, jogos e desenhos. Analisamos dez palestras em escolas do ensino fundamental e médio e vinte oficinas realizadas em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Concluímos que tais ações e suas análises críticas devem ser realizadas continuamente para que sejam bem-sucedidas


Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue, zika, and chikungunya etiological agents, diseases for which no effective vaccines are available. Control alternatives aimed at mitigating these arboviruses are essential. Among such, mechanical control addresses practices of elimination and/or cleaning of vector breeding sites. Here, we presented and critically evaluated actions carried out by ourselves. These actions took place between 2016 and 2019, where we disseminated clear scientific information through dialogue with the population. The following methods were employed: 1) lectures in schools (children and youth audiences) using slides, photos, and videos; 2) workshops (mixed audience), stand with in vivo material from the Aedeslife cycle, games, and drawings. Ten lectures in elementary and high schools and twenty workshops held in different regions of Brazil were analyzed. It was concluded that such actions and their critical analyzes must be carried out continuously to be successful


Aedes aegypti es el principal vector de los agentes etiológicos del dengue, zika y chikungunya, enfermedades para las que no existen vacunas totalmente eficaces. Las alternativas de control para mitigar estas arbovirosis son fundamentales. El control mecánico, representa una de estas alternativas, aborda prácticas de eliminación y/o limpieza de criaderos del vector. En este informe presentamos y evaluamos de manera crítica las acciones realizadas por el grupo entre los años 2016 y 2019. Presentamos información científica clara a través del diálogo con la población mediante los siguientes métodos: 1) conferencias en escuelas (público infantil) utilizando diapositivas, fotos y videos; 2) Talleres (público mixto), stand con material in vivo del ciclo de vida del Aedes, juegos y dibujos. Analizamos diez conferencias en escuelas (primarias y secundarias) y veinte talleres realizados en diferentes regiones de Brasil. Concluimos que tales acciones y el análisis crítico de las mismas deben llevarse a cabo de manera continua para que resulten exitosas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Mosquito Control , Health Education/methods , Aedes/growth & development , Educational and Promotional Materials , Teaching Materials , Brazil , Health Fairs , Dengue/prevention & control , Qualitative Research , Chikungunya Fever/prevention & control , Zika Virus Infection/prevention & control , Health Promotion/methods
3.
Av. psicol. latinoam ; 40(3): 1-17, sep.-dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1428016

ABSTRACT

Los programas en habilidades para la vida son una de las estrategias más utilizadas en el ámbito escolar para la prevención de conductas que afectan la salud. Si bien la ciencia de la implementación señala que estos procesos deben ser evaluados para asegurar el alcance de los objetivos, pasados más de 30 años de desarrollo de estos programas, en América Latina ha sido poco el avance de esta área. En este trabajo se presenta una evaluación del proceso de implementación de un programa en habilidades para la vida orientado a la prevención del consumo de sustancias ­implementado en el 2010­, documentando aspectos complejos para formular recomendaciones a futuras aplicaciones. Para realizar la evaluación, se seleccionaron 30 salones de clase en los cuales se efectuó la intervención. De la experiencia participaron 60 docentes y 940 alumnos (entre 11 y 19 años), pertenecientes a un nivel socioeconómico medio-bajo de escuelas públicas del nivel secundario de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina). Se emplearon técnicas cualitativas de recolección de información ­observación no participante, registro de producciones de las actividades y entrevistas semiestructuradas­, y se realizó un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de los datos. Los resultados demuestran la complejidad del proceso de implementación, las dificultades contextuales y la necesidad de incrementar el conocimiento de las relaciones entre las dinámicas escolares y la implementación de programas en habilidades para la vida con estrategias eficaces. Así, se destaca la necesidad de superar la tensión entre los enfoques pedagógicos participativos de estos programas y la lógica escolar tradicional.


Life skills programs are one of the most used strategies in the school environment for health prevention. Although implementation science indicates that im-plementation processes must be evaluated to ensure achievement of objectives, after more than thirty years of development of these programs in Latin America, there has been little progress in this area. This report presents an evaluation of the implementation process of a life skills program oriented towards the prevention of substance use ­implemented in 2010­, documenting complex aspects to make rec-ommendations for future applications. To perform the evaluation, 30 courses were selected. 60 teachers and 940 students participated. The students belonged to a medium-low socioeconomic level and were in public secondary schools in Córdoba city, Argentina. Qualitative data collection techniques ­non-participant observation, records of productions of the activities, and semi-structured interviews­ were used, selecting a qualitative and quantitative approach to this data. The results demonstrate the complexity of the im-plementation process, the contextual difficulties, and the need to increase knowledge of the relationships between school dynamics and the implementation of life skills programs to design effective strategies. This highlights the need to overcome the tension between the participatory pedagogical approaches of these programs and the traditional school logic.


Os programas de habilidades para a vida são uma das estratégias mais utilizadas no ambiente escolar para a prevenção de comportamentos que afetam a saúde. Embora a ciência da implementação indique que os processos de implementação devem ser avaliados para garantir o alcance dos objetivos, após mais de 30 anos de desenvolvimento desses programas na América Latina, essa área está subdesenvolvida. Este artigo apresenta uma avaliação do processo de implementação de um programa de habilidades para a vida voltado à prevenção do uso de substâncias, que foi implementado em 2010, documentando aspectos complexos para formular recomendações para aplicações futuras. Para realizar a avaliação, foram selecionadas 30 salas de aula nas quais foi realizada a intervenção. O experimento envolveu a participação de 60 professores e 940 alunos (entre 11 e 19 anos) de nível socioeconômico médio-baixo, de escolas públicas secundárias da cidade de Córdoba (Argentina). Foram utilizadas técnicas qualitativas de coleta de dados ­observação não participativa, registro das produções das atividades e entrevistas semiestruturadas­ e foi realizada uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa dos dados. Os resultados demonstram a complexidade do processo de implementação, as di-ficuldades contextuais e a necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento das relações entre a dinâmica escolar e a implementação de programas de habilidades para a vida para o desenho de estratégias eficazes. Isso evidencia a necessidade de superar a tensão entre as abordagens pedagógicas participativas desses programas e a lógica escolar tradicional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Students , Data Collection , Knowledge , Substance-Related Disorders , Environment , Disease Prevention
4.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 41(4): 318-326, Oct.-Dez. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1059181

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives To construct and validate a psychological measure called the Financial Risk-Taking Scale (FRTakS) and to translate, adapt, and validate a psychological measure called the Financial Risk Tolerance Scale (FRTolS) with a Brazilian sample. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess evidence of the validity of the scales' internal structures. We also tested the convergent validity between FRTakS and FRTolS. Method After construction (FRTakS) and adaption (FRTolS), the instruments were evaluated by expert judges for the relevance of their items to the scales, followed by pretesting. A cross-sectional study was then conducted using a convenience sample of 834 people who responded to invitations sent to a mailing list or to an online invitation on the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission website (Comissão de Valores Mobiliários [CVM]). Results Mean age of participants was 39.27 years (standard deviation [SD] = 10.82), they had high educational level (60.9% post-graduate), were married or living together (60%), and their spending power was 41.36 (SD = 13.27). Exploratory and confirmatory analysis identified two factors in FRTakS (Investment and Spending Money), both with 4 items; and identified a single factor in FRTolS, comprising 7 items. Conclusion Reliability indexes for the goodness of fit of the factor structure were satisfactory. There was a positive and significant correlation between the FRTakS Investment factor and FRTolS, confirming convergent validity. The results suggest the existence of a two-dimensional factor structure for FRTakS, and a one-dimensional factor structure for FRTolS. The instruments also exhibited convergent validity with each other.


Resumo Objetivos Construir e validar uma medida psicológica denominada Escala de Propensão ao Risco Financeiro (FRTakS), e também traduzir, adaptar e validar uma medida psicológica denominada Escala de Tolerância ao Risco Financeiro (FRTolS) em uma amostra brasileira. Evidências de validade interna foram avaliadas com base em análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória. Além disso, verificamos a validade convergente entre FRTakS e FRTolS. Método Após a construção (FRTakS) e adaptação (FRTolS), os instrumentos passaram pela etapa de avaliação por juízes especialistas sobre a relevância dos itens para a escala e estágio de pré-teste. Um estudo transversal foi realizado com uma amostra de conveniência de 834 pessoas que responderam a convites enviados para uma lista de e-mails, ou a convites on-line publicados no site da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM). Resultados Os participantes tinham idade média de 39,27 anos [desvio padrão (DP) = 10,82], alta escolaridade (60,9% pós-graduação), eram casados ou viviam juntos (60%), e tinham poder de compra de 41,36 (DP = 13,27). A análise exploratória e confirmatória identificou dois fatores para FRTakS, cada um com 4 itens (Investimento e Gastar Dinheiro); e indicou 1 fator para FRTolS composto por 7 itens. Conclusão A estrutura fatorial apresentou boa adequação, com índices de confiabilidade satisfatórios. Foi encontrada uma correlação positiva e significativa entre o fator FRTakS Investimento e a FRTolS, confirmando a validade convergente. Os resultados sugerem a existência de uma estrutura fatorial bidimensional para FRTakS, e uma estrutura fatorial unidimensional para FRTolS. Além disso, os instrumentos mostraram validade convergente entre eles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Psychological Tests , Risk-Taking , Financing, Personal , Psychometrics , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results
5.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 21(247): 2518-2523, dez.2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-970958

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo objetivou identificar na produção científica existente, como vem sendo utilizado o referencial metodológico avaliação de quarta geração nas pesquisas em saúde. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa a partir de publicações levantadas nas bases de dados PubMed, Banco de Dados em Enfermagem, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Scientific Electronic Library Online, no período de 2005 a 2015. Utilizou-se a combinação dos descritores avaliação de quarta geração e avaliação qualitativa, em todos os idiomas, totalizando 27 estudos analisados. O processo de análise permitiu a construção de duas categorias temáticas: Potencialidades e desfechos da avaliação de quarta geração e Limitações da metodologia atreladas com estratégias no campo da pesquisa. Observou-se predomínio de estudos brasileiros na área de saúde mental e escassez de estudos internacionais. Aspectos positivos foram encontrados devido à escolha do referencial metodológico, principalmente no que se refere em dar voz aos grupos de interesses estudados. As publicações evidenciam a relevância do rigor metodológico a ser seguido quando se trabalha com a avaliação de quarta geração, uma vez que é necessário adotar os critérios estabelecidos pelos autores deste referencial.


The present study aimed to identify in the existing scientific production, how has been used the methodological reference fourth generation evaluation in health research. It is an integrative review based on publications published in the PubMed, Banco de Dados em Enfermagem, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases, from 2005 to 2015. The combination of the four-generation evaluation descriptors and qualitative evaluation was used in all languages, totaling 27 studies analyzed. The analysis process allowed the construction of two thematic categories: Potentials and outcomes of the fourth generation evaluation and Limitations of the methodology coupled with strategies in the field of research. It was observed a predominance of Brazilian studies in the area of mental health and a shortage of international studies. Positive aspects were found due to the choice of methodological reference, especially in what refers to giving voice to the interest groups studied. The publications show the relevance of the methodological rigor to be followed when working with the fourth generation evaluation, since it is necessary to adopt the criteria established by the authors of this reference.


El presente estudio objetivó identificar en la producción científica existente, como viene siendo utilizado el referencial metodológico evaluación de cuarta generación en las investigaciones en salud. Se trata de una Revisión integrativa a partir de publicaciones levantadas en las bases de datos PubMed, Banco de Dados em Enfermagem, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Scientific Electronic Library Online. Se utilizó la combinación de los descriptores evaluación de cuarta generación y evaluación cualitativa, en todos los idiomas , totalizando 27 estudios analizados. El proceso de análisis permitió la construcción de dos categorías temáticas: Potencialidades y resultados de la evaluación de cuarta generación y Limitaciones de la metodología vinculadas con estrategias en el campo de la investigación. Se observó predominio de estudios brasileños en el área de salud mental y escasez de estudios internacionales. Los resultados positivos fueron encontrados debido a la elección del referencial metodológico, principalmente en lo que se refiere en dar voz a los grupos de intereses estudiados. Las publicaciones evidencian la relevancia del rigor metodológico a seguir cuando se trabaja con la evaluación de cuarta generación, una vez que es necesario adoptar los criterios establecidos por los autores de este referencial.


Subject(s)
Qualitative Research , Health Research Evaluation , Scientific and Technical Publications , Research Policy Evaluation
6.
Psiquiatr. salud ment ; 34(3/4): 168-178, jul.-dic. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-912655

ABSTRACT

MARCO TEÓRICO: La Percepción de Enfermedad es una variable importante en la evolución de los pacientes. Existen métodos de evaluación cualitativa de éste parámetro, sin embargo, no son aplicables a la población chilena por no estar adaptados al lenguaje local y cotidiano. OBJETIVO: Realizar una traducción del Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised, conservando la validez y fiabilidad original. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Traducción y retraducción de la escala por experto. Piloteo de evaluación a 33 pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. Encuesta a 112 pacientes (49 diabéticos, 37 hipertensos y 33 esquizofrénicos) todos pertenecientes al CRS Hospital El Pino. CONCLUSIONES: En base al porcentaje de concordancia obtenido (95%) entre la versión original y la traducida a la lengua española y al reporte de los entrevistadores con respecto a la comprensibilidad manifestada por los pacientes, podemos concluir que la traducción por nosotros aplicada cumple con los criterios de validez.


THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: The perception of disease is an important variable in the patient evolution. There are methods of qualitative evaluation of this parameter, however, are not applicable to the Chilean people for not being adapted to the local and everyday language. OBJECTIVE: A translation of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, preserving the original set reliability and validity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Translation and back translation of the scale by an expert. Piloting assessment to 33 patients with chronic diseases. Survey of 112 patients (49 diabetic and 33 hypertensive schizophrenics 37) all belonging to the CRS Hospital Pino. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the percentage of concordance obtained (95%) between the original version and the translated version in the Spanish language and the interviewers' report regarding the comprehensibility expressed by the patients, we can conclude that the translation applied by us meets the criteria of validity


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Perception , Chronic Disease/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Socioeconomic Factors , Translations , Attitude to Health , Chile , Reproducibility of Results , Mental Disorders/psychology
7.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2016; 15(7):1-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-183107

ABSTRACT

Mental fatigue [MF] is a critical condition that can accompany cognitive dysfunction. Various surveys have been used to determine the MF state. However, differences in participants' perception levels' can decrease' survey specificity, which therefore should be supported using objective methods. This study describes a new and simple MF scale based on evaluating results from the Piper Fatigue Scale [PFS], together with the results for reaction times. In the study, 29 healthy, right-handed, male, medical student volunteers were included. Attending a theoretical class for 4 hours was used as the MF model. PFS was applied before and after the MF model to determine their levels of vulnerability to fatigue and perception of fatigue qualitatively. The finger tapping test [FTT] and simple and complex visual reaction time [VRT] tests were used to determine physical fatigue and MF quantitatively. There were no significant differences between pre- and post-fatigue PFS scores or FTT and simple VRT results [p=0.531, p=0.160, p=0.065, respectively]. However, the complex VRT was significantly longer after the MF model [p<0.05]. This study showed that borderline MF, which cannot be determined by the PFS alone, might be accomplished when tested with the complex VRT test that keeps participants in a vigilant state.

8.
Korean Journal of Medical Education ; : 195-200, 2015.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-52511

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between problem-based learning (PBL) evaluations and clinical performance. METHODS: The study included 117 third-year medical students at Chonnam National University Medical School. The students' first-, second-, and third-year PBL evaluations were compared with their clinical performance examination (CPX) scores in third year. The PBL evaluations were composed of three subscales: tutors' evaluation (students' professional behavior, contribution to group process, and contribution to group content), a report, and a written examination. The CPX assessed four performance categories: history taking, physical examination, information sharing, and patient-physician interaction. RESULTS: No significant correlation was found between the first-year PBL evaluations and CPX scores; however, the second-year PBL evaluations were significantly correlated with history taking (r=0.186, p=0.044) and patient-physician interaction (r=0.213, p=0.021) of CPX. The third-year PBL evaluations were significantly correlated with physical examination (r=0.248, p=0.007), and patient-physician interaction (r=0.283, p=0.002) of CPX. Several significant correlations between the PBL evaluations subscales and CPX scores were revealed. The PBL tutors' evaluation (r=0.343, p=0.000) and report scores (r=0.210, p=0.023) were significantly correlated with patient-physician interaction of CPX. The contribution to group process of tutors' evaluation was significantly correlated with patient-physician interaction (r=0.186, p=0.045), and the contribution to group content of tutors' evaluation was significantly correlated with physical examination (r=0.187, p=0.044). CONCLUSION: We found a significant association between PBL evaluations and CPX scores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Competence , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Educational Measurement , Group Processes , Problem-Based Learning , Republic of Korea , Schools, Medical , Students, Medical , Universities
9.
Epidemiology and Health ; : e2014018-2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-721154

ABSTRACT

Although qualitative researches (QR) are invaluable in understanding complex healthcare situations, the quantitative systematic reviews could not treat them. To improve quality of healthcare services, results of QR should be considered in healthcare decision-making processes. Several methods and theories for synthesizing evidences of QR have been developed. In order to activate the narrative reviews and mixed methods reviews in Korean healthcare academies, I arranged the related nomenclatures and suggested some issues to conduct them.


Subject(s)
Academies and Institutes , Delivery of Health Care , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Evidence-Based Practice , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Qualitative Research , Quality of Health Care , Review Literature as Topic
10.
Cienc. Trab ; 15(48): 124-130, dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-700429

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio exploratorio con los objetivos de identificar empresas que produzcan o manipulen nanopartículas en Chile, evaluar los riesgos para la salud de estas actividades y entregar recomendaciones para su control. Se encontró que la nanotecnología está en una etapa incipiente, con un reducido número de aplicaciones en procesos industriales, concentrándose el desarrollo y aplicación principalmente en centros de investigación de las universidades, donde los investigadores y estudiantes son el principal grupo de potenciales expuestos. Para evaluar la exposición en las empresas e instituciones identificadas, se utilizó un método cualitativo simplificado y un método cuantitativo que se basa en las técnicas tradicionales de higiene ocupacional complementadas con la caracterización de las nanopartículas mediante microscopía electrónica. Se evalúa la exposición a nanopartículas de cobre, carbonato de calcio y partículas ultrafinas de humos de soldadura. La metodología de evaluación cualitativa, si bien requiere algún grado de acondicionamiento, demostró ser una herramienta particularmente útil para definir sistemas de protección en el caso de las nanopartículas, cuya toxicidad es incierta y de las cuales no se tienen establecidas técnicas de medición ni límites permisibles. Los métodos de medición tradicionales de la higiene industrial no entregan la información suficiente para evaluar la exposición, debiendo ser complementados con microscopía electrónica para caracterizar el tamaño y composición química, parámetros claves en la toxicidad de las nanopartículas. El trabajo realizado entrega una base de información y conocimiento a nivel exploratorio, que se estima útil para evaluar el riesgo de exposición en aplicaciones que pudieran surgir en el contexto actual del desarrollo de la nanotecnología en nuestro país.


An exploratory research was developed in order to identify companies which produce or handle nanoparticles in Chile, evaluate the risks for health from these activities and give suggestions for controlling them. It was found that nanotechnology is in an incipient stage, with a reduced numbers of applications in industrial processes, focusing the development and application mainly on research centers in Universities, where researchers and students are the main exposed potential groups. To evaluate the exposure in identified companies and institutions, it was used a qualitative simplified method and a quantitative method which is based in traditional technique of occupational hygiene complemented by the characterization of nanoparticles with electronic microscopy. It was evaluated the exposure to nanoparticles of copper, calcium carbonate and welding smoke ultrafine particles. The methodology of qualitative evaluation, although requires some degree of conditioning, showed being a especially useful tool to define protection systems in nanoparticles case, whose toxicity is uncertain and we do not have established techniques of measuring them or permissible limits. Traditional measuring methods of industrial hygiene do not bring enough information to evaluate the exposure, and they must be complemented with electronic microscopy to characterize the size and chemical composition, key parameters in nanoparticles toxicity. This work provides a base of information and knowledge in a exploratory level, which is estimated as a useful tool to evaluate the exposure risk in applications that may appear in the current nanotechnology development in our country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Nanoparticles/toxicity , Severity of Illness Index , Occupational Risks , Microscopy, Electron , Chile , Occupational Health , Risk Assessment , Qualitative Research , Particulate Matter/toxicity , Nanoparticles/ultrastructure , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control
11.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis ; (6): 1-7, 2011.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-471507

ABSTRACT

A novel and sensitive HPLC-UV method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of twelve major compounds in Longdan Xiegan Pill.The chemical profile of the twelve compounds,including geniposidic acid (1),geniposide(2),gentiopicroside(3),liquiritin(4),crocin(5),baicalin(6),wogonoside(7),baicalein(8),glycyrrhizic acid (9),wogonin (10),oroxylin A ( 11 ) and aristolochic acid A (12),was acquired using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector coupled with an electrospray tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS).The analysis was performed on a Dikma Platisil ODS C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm ) with a gradient solvent system of acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous formic acid.The validation was carried out and the linearities ( r > 0.9996),repeatability (RSD<1.8%),intra- and inter-day precision (RSD<1.3%),and recoveries (ranging from 96.6% to 103.4% ) were acceptable.The limits of detection (LOD) of these compounds ranged from 0.29 to 4.17 ng.Aristolochic acid A,which is the toxic ingredient,was not detected in all the batches of Longdan Xiegan Pill.Furthermore,hierarchical cluster analysis was used to evaluate the variation of the herbal prescription.The proposed method is simple,effective and suitable for the quality control of this traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

12.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis ; (6): 1-7, 2011.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-621899

ABSTRACT

A novel and sensitive HPLC-UV method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of twelve major compounds in Longdan Xiegan Pill.The chemical profile of the twelve compounds,including geniposidic acid(1),geniposide(2),gentiopicroside(3),liquiritin(4),crocin(5),baicalin(6),wogonoside(7),baicalein(8),glycyrrhizic acid(9),wogonin(10),oroxylin A(11)and aristolochic acid A(12),was acquired using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector coupled with an electrospray tandem mass spectrometer(HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS).The analysis was performed on a Dikma Platisil ODS C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)with a gradient solvent system of acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous formic acid.The validation was carried out and the linearities(r〉0.9996),repeatability(RSD〈1.8%),intra-and inter-day precision(RSD〈1.3%),and recoveries(ranging from 96.6% to 103.4%)were acceptable.The limits of detection(LOD)of these compounds ranged from 0.29 to 4.17 ng.Aristolochic acid A,which is the toxic ingredient,was not detected in all the batches of Longdan Xiegan Pill.Furthermore,hierarchical cluster analysis was used to evaluate the variation of the herbal prescription.The proposed method is simple,effective and suitable for the quality control of this traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).

13.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-603795

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as bases teóricas do campo da avaliação de quarta geração e da metodologia de análise de redes do cotidiano que tem orientado pesquisas realizadas por um grupo de pesquisa de enfermagem em saúde mental e saúde coletiva. Apresentamos no espaço deste artigo construções teóricas que nos permitem refletir sobre as concepções, os caminhos e desenhos de estudos de avaliação qualitativa em saúde mental, no contexto da reforma psiquiátrica.


The purpose of this article is to present the theoretical foundations of the fourth-generation evaluation and the network analysis method that has guided a nursing research group in their studies on mental and collective health. In this article, we present the theoretical constructions that allow us to reflect upon the conceptions, paths and designs of qualitative evaluation studies on mental health, in the psychiatric reform context.


El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar las bases teóricas del campo de la evaluación de cuarta generación y de la metodología de análisis de redes del cotidiano que ha orientado investigaciones realizadas por un grupo de investigación en enfermería de salud mental y salud colectiva. Presentamos en el espacio de este artículo construcciones teóricas que nos permiten reflexionar sobre las concepciones, los caminos y diseños de estudios de evaluación cualitativa en salud mental, en el marco de la reforma psiquiátrica.


Subject(s)
Health Services Research , Mental Health Services , Health Care Reform
14.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 15(4): 1945-1953, jul. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-554578

ABSTRACT

Este artigo traz os resultados de uma avaliação qualitativa sobre a expansão da área da Saúde Coletiva a partir da produção dos anais dos congressos trienais de Saúde Coletiva, realizados entre 1997 e 2006 pela Associação Brasileira de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. O objetivo específico foi estimar o crescimento da importância da área no cenário científico e social brasileiro no último decênio, através da análise de aspectos e dimensões substantivas. A estratégia metodológica do estudo foi considerar a complexidade e a profusão de dados referentes às dimensões desse campo multidisciplinar (a cada dia mais interdisciplinar) de conhecimento e intervenção. A partir dessa perspectiva, realizaram-se análises e interpretações de fontes documentais, empregando-se referenciais teóricos, metodológicos e analíticos das ciências sociais e das técnicas estatísticas. Constatou-se que: (1) na última década, a área da Saúde Coletiva expandiu-se ao interior de suas três subáreas (Epidemiologia, Planejamento/Gestão e Serviços de Saúde e Ciências Humanas); (2) há uma tendência a maior interatividade entre os programas e com as comunidades e com as instituições; (3) existe um aumento da quantidade de autores que escrevem sobre o campo e de vários autores por artigo; (4) está em elaboração uma grande especialização interna ao interior das subáreas.


This article shows the results of a qualitative evaluation on the expansion of the Collective Health area according with the production of the triennial Collective Health Congresses Annals which happen between 1997 to 2006, promoted by Abrasco - Brazilian Association of Collective Health. The specific objective was to estimate the growth of importance of the area in the scientific as well as in the social Brazilian scenario in the last decennary through the analysis of aspects and substantive dimensions. The methodological strategy of the study was to consider the complexity and data profusion referred to the dimensions of this multidisciplinary field (more and more interdisciplinary) of knowledge and intervention. From this perspective, analysis and interpretations of document sources were done, applying theoretical, methodological and analytical referential of the social science and X statistics techniques. It could be observed that: (1) in the last decade, the Collective Health area expanded into its three subareas (Epidemiology, Planning/Management and Health Services and, Human Sciences); (2) there is a tendency of more interactivity among the programs and with their communities and the institutions; (3) there is a growth in the quantity of authors writing about the field and different authors by article; (4) it is being elaborated a big internal specialization into the subareas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Public Health , Publishing/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Congresses as Topic , Evaluation Studies as Topic
15.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 15(supl.1): 1715-1724, jun. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-555706

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que faz parte de uma pesquisa de avaliação de um curso de medicina com o uso de metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem, baseada na triangulação de métodos. O objetivo é avaliar resultados relacionados ao conceito de clínica ampliada. As fontes de informação utilizadas no estudo abrangem dezessete entrevistas semiestruturadas com egressos e uma situação que simulava a prática médica, da qual participaram sete egressos e uma paciente simulada. A análise das informações e a produção dos dados baseiam-se no método de interpretação de sentidos, segundo referencial da hermenêutica-dialética. Os resultados apontam aspectos que fundamentam a clínica ampliada, evidenciados em duas temáticas: a relação médico-paciente e abordagem do paciente. Em termos de conclusão, observa-se que o curso de medicina avaliado se aproxima da formação do médico generalista, humanista, crítico e reflexivo, que pode intervir tanto nos diferentes níveis de atenção de saúde quanto no enfoque individual e coletivo. Conclui-se, ainda, que há limites para a efetivação de uma clínica ampliada nos diversos cenários de saúde.


This is a qualitative study that is part of an evaluation research of a medicine course with the use of active teaching-learning methodologies based on the triangulation of methods. The aim is to evaluate the results related to the extended general practice concept. The sources of information used in the study include 17 semi-structured interviews with ex-prisoners and a situation that simulated the medical practice, of which seven ex-prisoners and a simulated patient participated. The analysis of the information and the production of the data were based on the method of interpretation of senses, according to the referential hermeneutic-dialectic system. The results point to aspects that justify the extended general practice, evidenced in two themes: the doctor-patient relationship and the patient approach. In conclusion, it is observed that the evaluated medical course brings together the education of the general, humanist, critical and reflexive doctor that may intervene in the different levels of health attention as well as in the individual and collective approach. It is also concluded that there are limits in operating an extended general practice in diverse health situations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Medical , Family Practice/education , Brazil , Patient Simulation , Prisoners
16.
Estud. pesqui. psicol. (Impr.) ; 10(1): 204-220, abr. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-579929

ABSTRACT

O objetivo primordial do presente artigo é apresentar uma metodologia de avaliação de centros de atenção psicossocial, enfocando seu componente qualitativo e multidimensional, e etapas de progressivo aprofundamento, a partir das perspectivas de usuários, familiares e profissionais. A proposta metodológica apresentada e discutida a seguir foi desenvolvida a partir da pesquisa intitulada “Articulando experiências, produzindo sujeitos e incluindo cidadãos: um estudo sobre as novas formas de cuidado em saúde mental na Bahia e em Sergipe, Brasil”, realizada entre os anos de 2006 e 2009. Na construção do desenho metodológico desse estudo, percebemos que, para avaliar a qualidade de um serviço, é necessário congregar conceitos e técnicas diversos que nos permitam uma abordagem que responda à complexidade da tarefa de nos aproximar da experiência (através de suas expressões e produções de significados) dos atores sociais envolvidos, bem como identifique recursos psicossociais presentes nos CAPS e utilizados pelos usuários para significar sua experiência de sofrimento, articulada por “pontos de virada”


This article’s main objective is to present and discuss a methodology for the evaluation of psychosocial health centers, focused on qualitative and multidimensional elements, and steps towards a progressively deeper understanding, from the perspectives of users, family members and professionals. The present methodological proposal was developed for the research “Articulating experiences, producing subjects and including citizens: a study on the new forms of mental health care in Bahia and Sergipe, Brazil”, realized between 2006 and 2009. While constructing the methodological design, we sensed that, in order to evaluate the quality of a service, it would be necessary to congregate various concepts and techniques to allow us to address the complexity of the task of approaching the involved social agents’ experience (through its expressions and sense productions), as well as identify psychosocial resources available in the CAPS and employed by users to signify their experience of suffering, articulated around “turning points”


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology , Qualitative Research , Mental Disorders , Mental Health Services
17.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 14(5): 1919-1928, nov.-dez. 2009. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-529146

ABSTRACT

Este artículo intenta presentar parte de los resultados de un estudio dirigido a evaluar los efectos e impacto del componente educativo del Programa de Crecimiento y Desarrollo en cuatro Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud de la ciudad de Medellín, en relación con los significados que para los adultos significativos (AS) y los miembros del equipo de salud (MES) tienen el Programa y sus resultados. Se realizó una investigación evaluativa desde una perspectiva cualitativa basada en un estudio de casos múltiples. Se encontraron diferencias en los significados que el Programa y sus resultados tienen para los actores, producto de diferentes necesidades, intereses y expectativas. Para el MES el eje del Programa es el niño y la educación se orienta a modificar comportamientos de los AS. Por su parte, el AS se considera eje central y sujeto del Programa pues su función de crianza está en estrecha relación con el desarrollo y bienestar propio y del niño. La "crianza" constituye una categoría socio histórica, cultural y ontológica, que debería estar a la base de cualquier programa de atención a la infancia. Comprender dichos significados es fundamental para formular, ejecutar y evaluar programas de atención a la niñez más productivos.


This paper aims to present a portion of a study aimed to evaluate the effects and impact of the educative component of the Growth and Development Monitoring Program in four Health Institutions in Medellín, Colombia, regarding the meanings that the significant adults (SA) and health team members (HTM) have about the Program and its outcomes. It was done a qualitative evaluative research under a multiple case study. There were found important differences in the meanings of the Program and its outcomes among the stakeholders reflecting differences in interests, priorities, and needs. For the HTM, the Program's axis is the child and the education process is guided to change SA behaviors. In contrast, the SA considers itself a part of the Program axis, as a subject, because his raising role is related to his own development and well being as well as the child's. "Raising" is a socio - historic, cultural and ontological category that should be at center of any early childhood care program. It is very important to understand the meanings of the Program and its outcomes for the stakeholders in order to make better planning, implementation and evaluation of childhood care programs.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Humans , Child Development , Health Education , Program Development , Program Evaluation
18.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 19(3): 777-796, 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-535660

ABSTRACT

Nas duas últimas décadas, constata-se um incremento significativo da utilização de grupos focais como instrumento de coleta de dados em pesquisas no campo da Saúde Coletiva no Brasil. Seja ocupando a função de técnica principal, ou como estratégia complementar de tipo qualitativa, sua adoção atende invariavelmente ao objetivo de apreender percepções, opiniões e sentimentos frente a um tema determinado num ambiente de interação. A regularidade quanto à finalidade no emprego do grupo focal contrasta com a variação observada no tocante aos requisitos e procedimentos práticos referidos. Este artigo apresenta conceitos, finalidades e procedimentos relativos à técnica de grupos focais e problematiza sua operacionalização prática na pesquisa, particularmente no campo da saúde. Com base neste objetivo, o trabalho integra uma revisão da literatura sobre grupo focal com uma reflexão derivada de experiências de utilização da técnica em estudos de avaliação em saúde, conduzidos ou orientados pela autora.


In the two last decades it has been evidenced a significant development of focal groups as a data collection instrument in researches in the field of Collective Health in Brazil. By occupying the function of main technique or as a complementary and qualitative strategy, its use attends invariably to the purpose of apprehending perceptions, opinions and feelings, once is faced to a determined theme within an interactive environment. The regularity regarding the use of the focal group technique contrasts with the observed variation of requirements and practical procedures described. This paper presents concepts, purposes and procedures related to the focal group technique and discusses its practical use in research, particularly in the health field. So this work allies data from specialized literature review with reflections arising of the author's own experience with the use of this technique, especially in health evaluation researches.


Subject(s)
Humans , /methods , Focus Groups , Health Evaluation , Qualitative Research , Concept Formation , Public Health/methods , Public Health/trends
19.
Enferm. univ ; 5(3): 31-36, Jul.-sept. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1028488

ABSTRACT

En el presente artículo se presentan los elementos teóricos que guiaron el subproyecto PAPIME No. 223003 "Evaluación de la práctica docente de los profesores de la Escuela Nacional de Enfermería y Obstetricia. Un enfoque formativo" En el primer apartado se abordan dos enfoques de la evaluación: el sumativo (cuantitativo) y el formativo (cualitativo) para distinguir la importancia de la elección de uno u otro. El primero está orientado a medir los resultados, el segundo, está centrado en los procesos, buscando proporcionar información sobre actividades que se desarrollan a fin de mejorar el desempeño a evaluar. En el segundo apartado se destaca la importancia de evaluar la práctica docente de los profesores a través no sólo de los estudiantes, informantes irremplazables, sino también de la mirada de los profesores sobre su práctica, por la importancia de conocer sus pensamientos al respecto, ya que consideramos que constituyen uno de los fundamentos para actuar sobre el currículo y sobre la mejora de sus prácticas. Concluimos considerando que este camino por recorrer hacia la evaluación formativa es un terreno fértil para la sensibilidad y la exploración de nuevas y efectivas formas de evaluación y estrategias de formación docente que conduzcan a la mejora del proceso formativo de los alumnos.


Theoretical elements which guided the subproject "PapimeTeaching Evaluation of the Escuela Nacional de Enfermeria y Obstetricia are presented in the following paper. In the first paragraph, two focuses of evaluation are considered: quantitative and qualitative to distinguish the choice of importance between one and the other. The first oriented to measure the results of the second, it is focused in the processes, looking to provide information about the activities that are developed to enhance the performance that is being evaluated. In the second paragraph, the importance of evaluating teaching practice, not only through the students, irreplaceable informer, but also through the point of view of the teachers about their own teaching and knowing about their thoughts and ideas is highlighted since we consider that they constitute one of the fundamentals to go about their curricula and the enhancement of their teaching practice. We can conclude that the road to formative evaluation is a fertile land for the sensitivity and exploration of the new and effective forms of the evaluation and strategies of teacher training which will lead to enhance the forming process of the students.


Subject(s)
Humans , Educational Measurement , Faculty
20.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 12(3): 325-334, jul.-set. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-466568

ABSTRACT

Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia de avaliação qualitativa das ações do comitê de bacia hidrográfica com ênfase na teoria de gestão integrada. Apresenta-se a teoria de gestão integrada de bacia hidrográfica e sua relação com a Política Estadual de Recursos Hídricos do Estado de São Paulo. A metodologia é construída a partir de um conjunto de indicadores qualitativos implícitos ao conceito "articulação" que mensuram de forma particularizada cada aspecto desse fenômeno. Aplica-se a metodologia nas ações do Comitê do Alto Tietê, instância de gestão das águas da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Os resultados permitem verificar não só o nível de articulação de suas ações, mas também em que aspectos esse fórum tem contribuído à gestão integrada do território metropolitano.


This paper presents a method of qualitative evaluation of the actions of the river basin committee, giving emphasis to the theory of integrated management. It presents the theory of integrated management of river basins and its relation with the Politics of the State of São Paulo on water resources. The methodology is arranged from one ensemble of qualitative indicators implicit in the concept of articulation that measure in a particularized way each aspect of the phenomenon. The methodology is implemented by the study of the High Tietê River Committee, entity that is responsible for the management of water resources in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region. The results allow verifying not only the level of articulation of its actions, but also in what aspects this forum has contributed to the integrated management of the metropolitan region.


Subject(s)
Hydrographic Basins/policies , Environmental Policy , Hydrographic Basins , Evaluation Studies as Topic
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