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【Objective】 To determine the ELISA kit for screening convalescence plasma with high potency of SARS-CoV-2 IgG by comparing and analyzing the plasma detection results of convalescent plasma collected in different periods via ELISA kits from two manufacturers and the results of mixed plasma with different potency via pseudovirus neutralization experiments. 【Methods】 Two ELISA kits from different manufacturers(named A, B) were used to detect the plasma of 269 convalescent patients collected from Feb.2020~Jan.2022. The correlation and concordance rate of the two results were analyzed to determine the kit preliminarily. According to the titers of diluted series of standard of the preliminary selected kit, 5 mixed plasma samples (G4-G128) with different potency were prepared. The correlation of ELISA IgG results of product A/B, as well as the pseudovirus neutralization test of the original strain, Omicron mutant BA.1 and BA.2 strains were analyzed. Combined with the outside-well dilution mode of the strongly positive samples, the kit for high potency of SARS-CoV-2 IgG screening was determined. 【Results】 When the internal control reference B2 was used as the standard, the detection sensitivity of product A and B was 1∶32 vs 1∶8; the detection sensitivity of product A was 4 times that of product B. The correlation Pearson r between the results given by two kits was 0.944 1(P<0.000 1). Product B with low sensitivity was primarily selected as an alternative kit. The ELISA IgG results of samples from mixed plasma showed that the order of correlation r between product A and B was 0.988. The correlation r between product A and neutralization antibody potency of the three viruses was original strain (0.978)>BA.2(0.970)>BA.1(0.799); the order of correlation r between ELISA IgG results of product B and neutralization antibody potency of the three viruses was original strain(0.994)>BA.2(0.968)>BA.1(0.804). If twice-diluted B2 was taken as the excellent standard, 55.4% of product B met the criterion, while 47.2% of product A met.For positive plasma with high IgG potency, the product B kit required a lower dilution of the sample, which was more convenient to operate. 【Conclusion】 Both of the ELISA IgG kit from product A and B can be used to screen IgG antibodies of SARS-CoV-2, while product B is more suitable for screening positive plasma with high IgG potency.
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【Objective】 To establish a management information system (referred to as the system) for plasma collection stations in Zhejiang province, so as to explore the current situation of plasma donors and implement effective supervision in Zhejiang. 【Methods】 The system was developed and connected to four plasma collection stations that were officially operating in Zhejiang in terms of plasma station setting and approval, as well as the publicity, recruitment and management of plasma donors, information management of the whole process of plasma collection, management of deferral plasma donors, plasma quality management and administrative supervision etc. Relevant plasma donor information was uploaded to the system by each plasma station, and information before (January 2016 to December 2020) and after (January 8, 2021 to June 2021) the system was collected. Information included the number of plasma donors/donations, demographic information of eligible plasma donors in the past 5 years, the type of plasma donors, and the deferral donors after the system was activated. The online approval of Plasma Donation Certificate and the intelligent supervision of key points of plasma apheresis stations in Zhejiang were also conducted. The frequency and composition ratio were described, and chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. 【Results】 The system (V1.0) was established and was officially launched on January 8, 2021, realizing the interconnection of blood donation and plasma donation information as well as the unified management of 24 quality indicators. Since the system was applied (January 8, 2021-June 2021), the proportion of donors both donated blood and plasma over the province was 3.56 (832/23 389), and 352 deferred donors were masked by the system. And 30.11% (106/352) , who intended to donate plasma, were deferred due to insufficient interval after blood donation; 11.65% (41/352) due to permanent masking in blood donations; 23.86% (23.86%) , who intended to donate blood, were deferred due to insufficient interval after plasma donation ( 84/352); 34.38% (121/352) due to permanent masking in plasma donations. The median approval rate of four plasma stations applying for Plasma Donation Certificate before the system (January 1, 2016 to January 7, 2021) and after the system (January 8 to June 2021) were 93.38% (10 609/11 361) vs 99.50% (2 602/2 615). Before the system was put into launch, the ratio of male to female donors and the proportion of regular donors showed an overall upward trend, while the age decreased slightly. The median proportion of women in the past 5 years was 61.52 %, significantly higher than that in last 6 months after the launch(58.86%). 【Conclusion】 The application of the system can realize information interconnection between blood centers and plasma collection stations in Zhejiang as well as the real-time supervision of plasma collection process, which is helpful to overcome the shortcomings in plasma donor management.
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【Objective】 Toexplore the viability of preparing washed RBCs ordeglycerolized RBCs(referred as frozen RBCs)from blood containing irregular antibodies, so as to provide references for formulating processing procedures of blood containing irregular antibodiestosave blood resources and reduce blood wastage. 【Methods】 Once irregular antibodies were yielded, their type and titerwere determined.The plasma was discarded, and the suspended RBCs were prepared and processed according to the standardized washing scheme.The processing effect of blood with different titers and types of antibodies was observed, and theirfurther clinical application was followed up. 【Results】 From May 2017 to July 2019, a total of 45 blood samples containing irregular antibodies were screened in our center. The overall qualified rate reached 91.1% after processing. 100%(25/25) was qualified in IgM, and 80.0%(16/20)in IgG.4samples, initially noncom for mingdue to IgG-Dwith titerranged8~16, met the requirements after one or two additional washing processes. Among them, 23 cases were issued and appliedin clinicaland noadeverse reactions to blood transfusionoccurred. 【Conclusion】 After appropriate processing, blood containing irregular antibody can be applied to the clinical to save blood resources. When the irregular antibody is IgG-D and the titer is high, the washing times should be increased, and only when there is no residual antibodycan the samples be issued to the clinical.
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OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for improving the qualified rate of outpa tient prescriptions of Chinese patent medicines and ensuring the rational use of medicines. METHODS：Refering to the Beijing Basic Medical Insurance Medicines Catalog， Clinical Medicine Instructions and （No.17Z13） MCDEX，Chinese patent medicine were classified according to the main functions indications and disease syndromes types. The classification results were reviewed by the member of expert group of Hospital Pha rmacy Committee ，and were recorded by medical department of the management department ，finally were embedded into the outpatient HIS and were docked with prescription pre-audit and comment system. Total number of reviewed Chinese patent medicine prescriptions ，the number of repeated prescriptions ，the number of repeated prescriptions intercepted by HIS system ，the number of prescriptions actively modified by the prescribing physician ，the ratio of repeated prescriptions ，the frequency of active modification by the prescribing physician and average cost of each prescription were compared between the third quarter of 2017（initial stage of sub-category management of Chinese patent medicine ）and the forth quarter of 2019. RESULTS ：Chinese patent medicines in our hospital could be divided into eight categories as internal medicine ，surgery medicine ，oncology medicine ，gynecology medicine ，ophthalmology medicine，otorhinolaryngology medicine ，orthopedics medicine and dermatology medicine ；they contained 14，1，2，4，2，2，3， 1 sub-categories，respectively；some sub-categories were subdivided again . In the third quarter of 2017，159 610 prescriptions of Chinese patent medicines were reviewed ，and 421 prescriptions were unreasonable. Among which ，there were 200 prescription of repeated prescriptions ，accounting for 47.15％；676 repeated prescriptions were actively intercepted by HIS and 476 intercepted prescriptions were actively modified by prescribing physicians ，with active modification rate of 70.14％. In the forth quarter of 2019，138 869 prescriptions of Chinese patent medicines were reviewed ，and 381 prescriptions were unreasonable. Among which ， there were 47 prescription of repeated prescriptions ，accounting for 12.43％；266 repeated prescriptions were actively intercepted by HIS and 259 intercepted prescriptions were actively modified by prescribing physicians ，with active modification rate of 97.37％. There were statistical significances in the ratio of repeated prescription and the rate of active modification by physicians between initial stage and the forth quarter of 2019（P＜0.01）. The average cost of each prescription were 278.78 yuan in the third quarter of 2017 and 220.85 yuan in the forth quarter of 2019，decreasing by 20.78％ . CONCLUSIONS ：The sub-category management of Chinese patent medicine is adopted in the pharmacy department of our hospital ，which realize the pre-audit of all prescriptions of Chinese patent medicines ，and increased the pass rate of outpatient chinese patent medicine prescriptions . It i s helpful for doctors to dialectically use drugs ，memorize the varieties of Chinese patent medicines and improve their professional level；it is helpful for prescription reviewers to rapidly identify repeated prescriptions ，improve the information audit and management level of prescriptions. It is convenient for facilitate prescription reviewers to check the amount of prescriptions used and found out the deficiency of the medicine list in our hospital. However ，there are also some problems such as the conflict between individualized medication and part of management system ，and doctors and pharmacists have different opinions on medicine classification.
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Objective@#To understand the occupational hazard and distribution of silica dust (free SiO2≥10%) in the workplace environment of the enterprises in Fengxian District, and to provide scientific basis for improving the working environment and protecting the physical and mental health of the workers.@*Methods@#Individual sampling monitoring and on-site labor hygiene investigation were conducted on 421 workers involved in 87 silicon dust enterprises in the jurisdiction from 2014 to 2018, and measured concentration-time weighted average (CTWA) .@*Results@#The results showed that the range of the CTWA was (0.021~17.000) mg/m3, the median was 1.600 mg/m3, and the qualified rate of 30.88%. The difference of total dust concentration was statistically significant in different years (Z=38.831, P<0.05) . The qualified rate of small-scale enterprises is higher than that of medium-scale enterprises (χ2=9.472, P<0.05) . The qualified rate of other domestic enterprises is higher than that of private enterprises and foreign enterprises (χ2=10.089, P<0.05) . The acceptance rate of metal products manufacturing is lower than that of general equipment manufacturing and other manufacturing enterprises (χ2=64.626, P<0.05) . The qualification rate of natural ventilation is higher than that of mechanical ventilation (χ2=6.278, P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#The enterprises involved in silicon production in Fengxian District need to further strengthen the production process reform and improve the ventilation and dust removal protection measures. Widely carry out the publicity of occupational disease prevention and control law, conduct targeted pre-job training, improve workers' awareness of self-protection, and protect the occupational health of workers in many ways.
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Objective@#To analyze the prevalence of physical fitness among Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years in 2014, and explore related influencing factors.@*Methods@#This study recruited 106 881 Han students aged 13-18 years who had taken physical fitness test from Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health in 2014. After the exclusion of 1 047 students without complete records of physical fitness test, 105 834 students were included in the final analysis. According to the National Student Physical Health Standard modified in 2014, seven indicators including body mass index, vital capacity, 50-m run, sit-and-reach, standing broad jump, pull-ups/curl-ups and endurance run were tested to calculate the total score of students' physical fitness. Students with score ≥60 were regarded as qualified students. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze influencing factors of physical fitness.@*Results@#Among Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years, the total score was 70.1±10.7 and the qualified rate was 83.9% (n=88 813). Boys (83.5% (44 197/52 910)) had a lower qualified rate of physical fitness than girls (84.3% (44 616/52 924)) (P<0.001), and 13-15 age group (86.5% (46 255/53 465)) was higher than the 16–18 age group (81.3% (42 558/52 369)) (P<0.001). Except for 16–18-year-old boys from central region, normal body mass index, eastern region, good socioeconomic status, enough PE class, exercise time ≥1 h/d, homework time ≥2 h/d, TV time <1 h/d were all related to high qualified rates of physical fitness (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years were in good physical condition. The qualified rates of physical fitness were significantly different by gender and age groups. Nutritional status, region, socioeconomic status, PE class, exercise time per day, homework time per day, and TV time per day were related factors of physical fitness.
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Objective To investigate the utilization rate of gold fiducial markers and reasons for abandonment of gold fiducial markers in the CyberKnife VSI System, and to provide reference data for implantation of gold fiducial markers and radiotherapy planning. Methods From March to August,2017,a total of 47 patients had gold fiducial markers implanted or pasted. In those patients, 42 patients had gold fiducial markers implanted,including 32 receiving computed tomography(CT)-guided 3D-printing coplanar template assisted implantation, 1 receiving CT-guided 3D-printing non-coplanar template assisted implantation,1 receiving CT-guided implantation,and 8 receiving ultrasound-guided implantation. A total of 44 patients received the CyberKnife treatment, including 2 patients who failed to use gold fiducial markers and were treated with spine tracking instead and 3 patients missing the treatment for other reasons. The numbers of utilized and abandoned gold fiducial markers were recorded for calculation of the utilization and abandonment rates. The reasons for abandonment of gold fiducial markers were analyzed and classified. Results A total of 134 gold fiducial markers were implanted into or pasted to the 44 patients.In all the gold fiducial markers, 111 were utilized and 23 abandoned, yielding a utilization rate of 82.8% and an abandonment rate of 17.2%.The reasons for abandonment of gold fiducial markers included large rigidity error(26.1%), unqualified implanted fold fiducial markers(17.4%), displacement of gold fiducial markers(26.1%), and others(30.4%). Conclusions Compared with the CT-guided or ultrasound-guided implantation of gold fiducial markers, the CT-guided 3D-printing coplanar or non-coplanar template assisted implantation of gold fiducial markers requires only two puncture needles for each implantation and implants two gold fiducial markers by a single needle,which reduces the number of puncture needles,risk of puncture-induced injury,and incidence of complications after implantation. Not all the gold fiducial markers implanted by a variety of ways will be utilized. Some gold fiducial markers will be abandoned for different reasons,which should be taken into account during implantation of gold fiducial markers.
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Objective To analyze the qualified rate of the fiducial markers during 3D-printing co-planar template assisted CT-guided implantation in stereotactic body radiation therapy by CyberKnife,and to explore the cause of the unavailable markers in order to provide the reference for the fiducial implantation,treatment planning and radiotherapy delivery.Methods From March to December 2017,a total of 52 cases were planned to stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) using CyberKnife by fiducial tracking,and the fiducial markers were implanted based on CT-guided 3D-printing co-planar template,including 22 in lung,12 in liver,5 in mediastinal lymph node,8 in retroperitoneal lymph node,3 in pancreas,each in celiac and pelvic lymph nodes,respectively.Except 7 cases not fit for CyberKnife treatment,45 cases finished the treatment of CyberKnife,but there were 3 cases changed to spine tracking due to unqualified fiducial markers.The number of fiducial markers used and the qualified rate of fiducial markers were analyzed,and the cause of unqualified fiducial markers was studied.Results A total of 131 fiducial markers were impanted into 42 cases who finally received the treatment of CyberKnife by fiducial tracking,including 85 fiducial markers qualified (64.89％) and 46 fiducial markers unqualified (35.11％).The main causes of the unqualified fiducial markers varied,including outrange of rigidity error(26.08％),fiducial markers unavailable(41.31％),and other (32.61％).Conclusions The 3D-printing co-planar template assisted CT-guided implantation could reduce the number of puncture needles used,help to decrease the risk of puncture and trauma and the incidence of complications after the fiducial markers implantation.However,the fiducial markers implanted by this way would be abandoned by a variety of causes and should be taken into account before the fiducial markers implantation.
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Objective To improve the qualified rate of cleaning of loaner orthopedic surgery instruments by application of quality control circle(QCC).Methods QCC activity was carried out in a hospital from May to October 2016, on-site assessment of cleaning quality was performed by two circle members, causes of unqualified cleaning result of loaner orthopedic surgery instruments were recorded, the qualified result of loaner orthopedic surgery instruments before QCC activity(May-June 2016)and after QCC activity(September-October 2016)was compared. Results Before QCC activity, there were 1 667 packages of loaner instruments, 1 415 were qualified for cleaning, qualified rate was 84.88％;after activity, there were 1 673 packages of loaner instruments, 1 655 were qualified for cleaning, qualified rate was 98.92％, difference was statistically significant between two groups(P＜0.01), qualified rate increased to 14.04％, target achievement rate was 116％.Conclusion Application of the scientific tool of QCC can improve the qualified rate of cleaning of loaner orthopedic surgery instruments.
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Objective:To investigate the centralized management mode of cleaning disinfection and for ventilator, monitor, injection pump and infusion pump in our hospital so as to achieve scientific management and further development for hospital.Methods: The qualified rates of ventilator, monitor, injection pump and infusion pump, and satisfied degree of various department for them were analyzed after the centralized management was implemented.Results:After the centralized management was implemented, the cleaning qualified rates of ventilator, monitor, injection pump and infusion pump were, 99.25%, 99.78%, 99.47% and 98.94%, respectively. And the satisfaction scores of various departments for the application of equipment, equipment allocation and equipment recovery were significantly higher than those in 2013 (t=4.18,t=4.62,t=3.86,P<0.01).Conclusion: After the centralized management for routine emergency equipment is carried out by the cleaning disinfection center, the cleaning qualified rates of equipment and satisfaction of various departments has been significantly increased. Therefore, it is worthy to be applied and promoted.
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Objective To explore the effect of different disinfectants on endoscopic disinfection and durability.Methods A total of 428 endoscopes were selected from the endoscopic center of our hospital from January 2016 to September 2016,and they were randomly divided into control group and observation group,each group in 214cases.The control group was treated with glutaraldehyde.The observation group used o-phthalaldehyde treatment disinfection.The sampling site was the endoscopic biopsy cavity surface,sterile syringe was used to extract 10ml containing neutralizer buffer,into the endoscopic biopsy to be tested,and then 15mL sterile test tube from the biopsy outlet collection,was checked within 2h.The sterilization pass rate was evaluated,the disinfectant disinfection endoscopic cavity and the number of surface colonies,disinfectant endoscopic durability in the two groups were compared.Results The disinfection rate was 89.25％ in the control group and 97.20％ in the observation group,the difference of the qualified rate of endoscopic disinfection between the two groups was statistically significant (x2 =10.69,P =0.001).The endoscopic cavity and the number of surface colonies of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (t =3.17,P =0.00;t =26.76,P =0.00).The numbers of disinfection per cycle and per day in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =94.44,P =0.00;t =23.94,P =0.00).Conclusion The use of o-phthalaldehyde for endoscopic disinfection is better,more durable,suitable for endoscopic room to promote the use.
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Objective To study the extracranial scalp electroencephalography ( EEG ) and intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) of closed colony New Zealand white rabbits .Methods To record the extracranial scalp EEG and intracranial ECoG of closed colony New Zealand white rabbits , and to compare and analyze the results of those two scanning methods .Results EEG was characteristic of 9-12 c/sαwave and 16-20 c/sβwave with an amplitude of 30-100μV as the basic rhythm .ECoG showed 10-12 c/s αwave and 16-20 c/s βwave with an amplitude of 200-300 μV as the basic rhythm.Anesthesia could attenuate the electrocerebral activity , cause brain tissue hypoxia , and induce δ wave and slow θ wave in ECoG .Conclusions EEG method is a simple , non-invasive and convenient operation , and can be made in rabbits without anesthesia .The recorded EEG waveform is highly consistent with that of ECoG , and may be used as an alternative to the traditional ECoG in neurofunctional studies .
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Objective To find out the hygienic status of rural drinking water in Jianhe County of Guizhou Province.Methods Forty-eight source water and tap water samples from small centralized water supply stations in 12 townships of Jianhe County in dry season and wet period were tested from 2009-2011.The water samples were examined in accordance with the relevant provision of Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water (B/T5750-2006).The contents included:①sensory indicators:standard color,turbidity,smell and taste and visible objects; ②general chemical indicators:pH,iron,manganese,chloride,sulfate,total dissolved solids,total hardness,oxygen consumption and ammonia; ③toxicological indicators:fluoride,arsenic and nitrate; ④microbial indicators:total number of colonies,with a total population of Escherichia coli and heat-resistant Escherichia coli Outcome evaluation was carried out in accordance with the Drinking Water Health Standards (B/T 5.749-2006).Results A total of 192 rural water samples were collected in 2009-2011,and 18 samples were qualified,accounting for 9.38％.The differences of water passing rate between groups of years were statistically significant (x2 =14.74,P＜ 0.01).Rural drinking water quality in dry season (18.75％,18/96) was better than that in wet season (0.00％,0/96; x2 =19.76,P ＜ 0.01).Passing rate of source water quality (16.67％,16/96) was higher than that of tap water(2.08％,2/96; x2 =11.95,P ＜ 0.01).Sensory indicators and toxicological indicators of 192 water samples were qualified.General chemical indicators:in addition to four water samples with pH exceeded the standard(two copies in 2009 and two copies in 2010),other test indicators were qualified.Microbiological indicators:passing rates of the total number of colonies,Escherichia coli group and heat-resistant Escherichia coli group were 77.08％ (148/192),9.90％ (19/192) and 20.31％ (39/192),respectively.Passing rate of microbes was 18.75％ (18/96) in dry season and 0.00％ (0/96) in wet period,and microbes passing rate was significantly higher in dry season than that of the wet period(x2 =19.76,P ＜ 0.01).Passing rate of microbes was 16.67％(16/96) in source water and 2.08％(2/96) in tap water,and passing rate of the source water was significantly higher than that of the tap water(x2 =11.95,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The hygienic status of rural drinking water in rural areas of Jianhe County of Guizhou Province is poor.Microbial pollution is the main reason.
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OBJECTIVE To learn about the state of disinfecting quality and its impact factors of our hospital in recent 10 years.METHODS According to GB15982-1995 and GB15981-1995 the sampling and surveillance were carried out to the objects concerned for disinfecting in the hospital.RESULTS It showed ascent trend in its entirety for the qualified rate of sample surveillance(70.53-96.34%).The qualified rates of applying disinfecting liquid,medical treatment necessities and pressure steam sterilizer were also higher in the surveillance each year.CONCLUSIONS The lows and regulations correlated with disinfection and operating technological specification have become more and more perfect and flawless,supervision and management also have been intervened and strengthened,and the level of the consciousness and knowledge of disinfection among the staff have had elevation,all these have elevated the disinfection job of the hospital in quality.
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The current situation of medical metrology is expatiated and the advantages of medical metrology room is introduced. Some kinds of equipment can't be measured. Doctors and nurses don't attach enough importance to medical metrology work. Countermeasures are put forward.
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OBJECTIVE To know the compliance and it′s impact factors of hand hygiene of healthcare workers.METHODS The wards and healthcare workers were sampled randomly.Survey the compliance,qualified rate and impact factors of hand hygiene of healthcare workers when they didn′t know to be observed by special training staffs.RESULTS The compliance and the qualified rate of hand hygiene was 30.2% bothly,and be affected by the time before or after operation,occupations and work post.The factors causing low qualified rate were anenough time and improper technique for washing hand,and drying hand wrong.CONCLUSIONS The hand hygiene for healthcare workers in hospitals should be strengthened.