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Resumo Neste texto conta-se a história da criação, do desenvolvimento e do status atual da Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva sob a perspectiva de quem foi responsável pela sua criação. O objetivo é contribuir para a construção da memória de um periódico nacional, suas possibilidades e limitações. Embora seja um depoimento pessoal, na sua elaboração se utiliza a perspectiva teórica da narrativa, que consiste na utilização de uma sequência singular de eventos, estados mentais, ocorrências envolvendo seres humanos como personagens ou autores, podendo ser real ou imaginária sem perder seu poder como história. Autores que trabalham com estudos de narrativas e processos de construção científica são referenciados; assim como é explicitado o contexto em que a história acontece. O estudo mostra a importância de, na gestão da Revista, ter metas claras, persistência no trabalho e contar com a interconexão de importantes atores sociais, de apoios institucionais e de cooperação nacional e internacional. O papel dos indivíduos e das organizações é realçado. O artigo conclui que a Revista avaliza a produção intelectual, assegura a propriedade intelectual, legitima novos temas e define os limites do que é publicável no campo da saúde coletiva, sendo fiel a seus princípios originais.
Abstract This text tells the story of the launching, development, and current status of the scientific Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva from the perspective of who was responsible for its creation, and aims to contribute to the construction of the memory of a national journal, its possibilities, and limitations. While it is a personal statement, the theoretical perspective of narrative is employed in its elaboration, which consists of the use of a singular sequence of events, mental states, events involving human beings as characters or authors, which can be real or imaginary without losing its power as history. Authors who work with studies of narratives and scientific construction processes are reference, and the context in which the story takes place is explained. The study shows the importance of having clear goals, persistent work, and interconnection of important social actors, institutional support, and national and international cooperation in the Journal's management. The role of individuals and organizations is highlighted. The paper concludes that the Journal endorses intellectual production, ensures intellectual property, legitimizes new themes, and defines the limits of what is publishable in Collective Health, in line with its primary principles.
Subject(s)
Humans , International Cooperation , MemoryABSTRACT
Resumen En los últimos años, los términos bullying y cyberbullying se han ido instalando en los medios de comunicación argentinos, entre ellos en la prensa escrita. Se trata de términos técnicos, ya que hacen referencia a problemáticas específicas, que han sido adoptados por la prensa local a fin de dar cuenta, principalmente, de las características, consecuencias y posibles abordajes de estos fenómenos. Teniendo en cuenta que la lectura y análisis de aquello que publica la prensa respecto de un fenómeno permitiría observar aspectos interesantes del proceso de difusión de la información, del discurso empleado y del sentido colectivo que le otorga, el objetivo general de este trabajo se orientó a indagar el tipo de información y su contenido con respecto al fenómeno de cyberbullying en la prensa escrita argentina. Se discuten los hallazgos obtenidos mediante el empleo de un análisis temático y de contenido a fin de ampliar el conocimiento sobre este fenómeno en nuestro medio local.
Abstract In recent years, the terms "bullying" and "cyberbullying" have been adopted by the Argentinian media, including the written press. These are technical terms that refer to specific problems. The local press has adopted them in order to report about the characteristics, consequences, and possible approaches to these situations. The analysis of the press' publications on a certain phenomenon enables us to see interesting aspects of the process of dissemination of information, the discourse used and the collective consciousness it creates. Therefore, the general objective of this work is focused on investigating the type of information and contents regarding cyberbullying in the Argentinian press. A qualitative methodological approach was used, which included the use of a thematic and content analysis. It is noted that only a low proportion of journalism articles was found in which the three basic characteristics of the cyberbullying were pointed out (the intentionality, the repetition in time and the existence of an imbalance of power). In addition, it is observed that the written press provides more information related to the characteristics and possible approaches to cyberbullying, and, to a lesser extent, to its detection. The negative consequences of this problem regarding the psychological health of those involved are mentioned, highlighting indicators and individual consequences, but without referring to indicators or to collective, institutional or social consequences. The development of a hostile and unsupportive school environment, the normalization of aggressive behaviors, the positive assessment of violent behavior in order to obtain social success, and the possible consequences for teachers and families are not mentioned by the press. Also, it is observed that the press gives little room to the students' point of view, who, from their experiences, attitudes and perspectives on this phenomenon, could make important contributions for the development of both prevention strategies and effective boarding tools. The findings obtained are discussed through thematic and content analysis in order to broaden the knowledge about this phenomenon in our local environment. Within the limitations of this study, it is worth mentioning that the different publications began the digitization of their copies in different years, which could affect the total number of articles surveyed and the amount registered for each of the digital portals. Likewise, for this study, only two descriptors were used to carry out the search, so future studies could incorporate other terms in order to broaden and deepen the findings. This could also contribute to generate other analysis categories, in order to record other aspects related to the type and content of information not addressed in this study.
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El objetivo de este trabajo se orienta a indagar y describir las conceptualizaciones que docentes que ejercen su trabajo en escuelas de Educación Secundaria ubicadas en la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) poseen acerca del fenómeno de cyberbullying. A su vez, busca conocer y describir si dichos docentes cuentan con estrategias de intervención para abordar este fenómeno y su percepción acerca de la formación o capacitación para intervenir ante él. Mediante la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas y el empleo de una metodología de enfoque cualitativo se construyeron categorías de análisis de la información recolectada. Los resultados hallados en este estudio sugieren la necesidad de brindar a los docentes información específica sobre la problemática, a fin de que puedan adquirir herramientas efectivas y contribuir con su adecuada prevención y abordaje.
The objective of this work is to investigate and describe the conceptualization that teachers who work in secondary schools in the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) have about the phenomenon of cyberbullying. At the same time, it pursues two more aims: to know if these teachers have intervention strategies to approach this phenomenon and to describe their perception about the training to intervene on it. Categories of analysis of the information collected were constructed through semi-structured interviews and the use of a methodology of qualitative approach. The results found in this study suggest the need to provide teachers with specific information on the problem, so that they can acquire effective tools and contribute to their adequate prevention and approach.
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Humans , Faculty , Schools , BullyingABSTRACT
Background: Street sweepers play important roles for keeping the cities clean. Their works entail removing of debris from streets, collecting solid waste, disposing and recycling waste material. Consequently, they have higher chances to be exposed to numerous risk factors; therefore, their occupational safety and health hazard became crucial. There is little evidence about the sweeping practices, perceptions and knowledge on their occupational safety and health hazards. The objective of the study is to explore current sweeping practices, perceived risk and the level of knowledge of a group of street sweepers of Dhaka city. Methods: An explorative qualitative research design was used. We conducted 15 IDIs, 8 KIIs and 5 FGDs with Telegu street sweepers, community and religious leaders and NGO workers in two different sweeper colonies in Dhaka City. Results: Due to the manual handling process, the street sweepers are often exposed to a variety of risks factors – exhaust fumes, extreme noise, toxic substances and dust particles. Frequent infections and injuries were reported commonly as they lack basic safety equipment’s during works. Low perceived health hazards were prevalent. Strong faith-based explanations were found to rationalize possible health hazards. Conclusions: A number of socio-economic factors influence the level of knowledge and risk perception. Interventions on awareness building program coupled with behaviour change counselling (BCC) activities would be appropriate to address the lack of knowledge on health hazards and low risks perception.
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As the importance of elderly's dietary life have increased, low-income elderly's meal should be taken care by social policies. Nevertheless, there is a lack of systematic management in home-delivery meal service. This study aims to investigate the elderly's experience on home-delivered meal service, especially identifying the symbolic meaning of home-delivered meal service on elderly's dietary life. Using an in-depth interview, qualitative data was collected from five elderly participants who received home-delivered meals. Data was analyzed based on Colaizzi's 6 steps method, deriving 148 significant statements, 18 formulated meanings, and 5 themes: , , , , and . Elderly participants regarded the home delivered meal as not only a decent meal but also felt appreciated. The home-delivered meals were found to be their only meal all day; thus, they considered these meals as a means of survival. Home-delivered meals are considered as a lack of consideration for the elderly's physical condition, including their tastes, portion size, and cooking method. Also, these elderly seemed to lose their appetite due to aging and it caused the enjoyment of eating. The elderly have kept silence never expressing any opinions regarding the home delivered meals because they were offered for free. The results suggested that the home-delivered meal service should be developed with the multilateral evaluation methods to reflect the elderly's needs to improve the quality of the home-delivered meal service.
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Aged , Humans , Aging , Appetite , Cooking , Eating , Meals , Methods , Portion Size , Public PolicyABSTRACT
The elderly population in Korea is rapidly growing. As the population ages, meals become a greater concern, as physical and psychological health problems are directly affected by dietary life, especially for the lower-income elderly. Although the government provides support through a free congregate meal service, there is a lack of systematic management of this meal service. This study investigates the experience of the elderly, especially the symbolic meaning and issues regarding the congregate meal service in their dietary life, to establish strategies for improving congregate meal services. Qualitative data was collected from ten elderly receivers of meal services through in-depth interviews and data was analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological research methods. Overall, 90 significant statements, 13 formulated meanings, and five theme clusters were deduced. The five theme clusters for the importance of meal services to the elderly included the followings: "a real meal", "enjoyment of living", "maintenance of regular life", "place for social life" and "meal of silence". We found that the elderly regarded the congregate free meal service not only as meals to appreciate but also as a form of social life. Furthermore, the elderly did not typically express any complaints regarding congregate meal services because they are free. The results showed that it might be difficult to evaluate the quality of meal services based on the opinions of the service receivers. This study suggests it is necessary to develop multilateral evaluation methods to reflect the needs of the elderly and to improve the congregate meal services at elderly welfare centers.
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Aged , Humans , Korea , MealsABSTRACT
En este trabajo se explora la percepción y significación de la generación Y de las prácticas de trabajo contemporáneas en organizaciones públicas y privadas. Se indagan similitudes y diferencias según la trayectoria laboral sea en el sector público o privado.La aproximación es cualitativa y comprende la implementación de dos técnicas cualitativas: entrevistas semiestructuradas y trayectorias psicosociales laborales. Lasparticipantes son dos mujeres de igual edad y nivel de formación. Una se desempeña en el sector público -tres años de antigüedad - y la otra, en el privado -un año de antigüedad -. El análisis del material es de contenido, a partir de categorías de análisis predefinidas: Trabajo/empleo; Sectores público/privado; Identidades trabajadoras; Generaciones.Se analizan también otras categorías emergentes del proceso de exploración: significado del trabajo para los jóvenes y experiencias críticas de las prácticas de trabajo.
In this paper we explore the perception that 'generation Y' has of contemporary practices of work and labor violence in public and private organizations. We explore similarities and differences depending on thefir labor trajectory in the public or the private sector. It is a qualitative approach that involves the implementation of two qualitative techniques: semi-structured interviews and psycho-social labor trajectories. The interviewed participants are two women of the same age and education level; one of them works in the public sector -seniority: three years - and the other, in the private sector - seniority: one year -. Content analysis was applied to the collected and transcribed material. The categories of analysis are: Work and employment; Public and private sector; Labor identities; Generations; Labor violence. Other categories that emerged from de exploration process are also analyzed: meanings of work for youth and critical experiences of the working practices.
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Humans , Work/psychology , Violence/psychology , Employment/psychology , Interview, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Este artigo apresenta uma nova proposta de avaliação da Atenção Básica em Saúde (ABS), utilizando a abordagem sistêmica de Donabedian, com a modificação de que a avaliação desse serviço deveria iniciar pelo componente Processo, visando identificar a adequação da oferta e das relações entre os distintos procedimentos desse nível de atenção. A partir dessa análise deverá ser realizada a busca do resultado preditivo, permitindo a relação entre esses componentes. Com base nessa análise, a avaliação de estrutura ganha significado para o processo de decisão. Faz parte da abordagem a avaliação da rede de atenção, tendo como foco e imagem-objetivo a atenção básica como porta de entrada da rede. Apresenta uma concepção de rede mais dinâmica e flexível e propõe a utilização na avaliação do método misto, englobando a abordagem quantitativa baseada nos bancos de dados existentes no sistema Datasus e complementada pela abordagem qualitativa, permitindo maior compreensão do significado das relações encontradas nos serviços e na rede. Nesse desenho metodológico, será possível a identificação das variáveis de funcionamento e a organização da ABS e da rede de serviços, possibilitando direcionar a tomada de decisão para a melhoria de qualidade da atenção básica de saúde.
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Primary Health Care , Health Evaluation , Health Status Indicators , BrazilABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of an unbalanced diet by elementary school students using a qualitative approach to nutrition counseling. To achieve the purpose of this study, client-centered counseling was performed over one semester with four volunteer children in the fifth grade who admitted eating an unbalanced diet. Their perceptions of an unbalanced diet were examined while focusing on cause. The contents of the counseling sessions were recorded and their eating habits observed. The proposed perceptions of the clients of an unbalanced diet were as follows: regarding the causes of an unbalanced diet, there may have been a certain negative event or memory related to food as well as an individual disease or history of disease; regarding the meaning of an unbalanced diet, the clients had two kinds of time concepts (formal one and informal one) and defined the meaning of an unbalanced diet as a matter of being able to eat proper amounts of food within an inter-meal time; and regarding the results of an unbalanced diet, they based their results on the approval of their parents and teachers. Feeding at school was used as the background of this study, which examined the meanings and results of an unbalanced diet, and there existed a correlation between the meanings and the results.
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Child , Humans , Counseling , Diet , Eating , Memory , ParentsABSTRACT
Objective To analyze and discuss the appropriate use of mixed methods using both qualitative and quantitative approaches to research older persons with depression in Macau in combination with Chinese characteristic of Macau.Methods A mixed methods research design,using both quantitative and qualitative approaches,was employed to interpret the lived experiences of these older persons.Using a purposive sampling approach,the final study involved 31 older persons with depression.A range of standardized,validated scales including the MSQ,GDS-15,BI,Lawton IADL,LSNS,SF- 36QOL were adopted.Results These lived experiences clustered into four broad dominant categories: negative thinking,physical limitations and complaints,poor living conditions and social support,and the tragic experience.Negative emotion included useless,hopeless,pessimistic and helpless.Physical limitations included poor activity,dependence,arthralgia,insomnia,poor appetite and memory,too many medicine.Poor living conditions and social support included poverty,illiterate,unfair,etc.Tragic experience included strenuous labor,passing away of father,failure of marriage,etc.Conclusions Mixed methods can be successfully used in discussing life experience of older persons with depression,combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches can explain this research phenomenon more comprehensively and deeply.
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Total sequence phylogenies have low information content. Ordinary misconceptions are that character quality can be ignored and that relying on computer algorithms is enough. Despite widespread preference for a posteriori methods of character evaluation, a priori methods are necessary to produce transformation series that are independent of tree topologies. We propose a stepwise qualitative method for analyzing protein sequences. Informative codons are selected, alternative amino acid transformation series are analyzed, and most parsimonious transformations are hypothesized. We conduct four phylogenetic analyses of philodryanine snakes. The tree based on all nucleotides produces least resolution. Trees based on the exclusion of third positions, on an asymmetric step matrix, and on our protocol, produce similar results. Our method eliminates noise by hypothesizing explicit transformation series for each informative protein-coding amino acid. This approaches qualitative methods for morphological data, in which only characters successfully interpreted in a phylogenetic context are used in cladistic analyses. The method allows utilizing character information contained in the original sequence alignment and, therefore, has higher resolution in inferring a phylogenetic tree than some traditional methods (such as distance methods).
Filogenias baseadas em seqüências totais têm baixo conteúdo informativo. Erros comuns são acreditar que a qualidade dos caracteres pode ser ignorada e que é suficiente confiar nos algoritmos computacionais. Apesar de ampla preferência por métodos a posteriori para a avaliação de caracteres, métodos a priori tornam-se necessários para produzir séries de transformação independentes das topologias das árvores. Propomos um método qualitativo passo a passo para analisar seqüências de proteínas. Codons informativos são selecionados, séries de transformação alternativas de aminoácidos são analisadas e as transformações mais parcimoniosas são hipotetizadas. Conduzimos quatro análises filogenéticas em cobras Phylodrininae. A árvore baseada em todos os nucleotídeos produz a menor resolução. Árvores baseadas na exclusão das terceiras posições, numa matriz de passos assimétrica, e em nosso protocolo de análise produzem resultados similares. Nosso método elimina ruído ao hipotetizar séries de transformação explícitas para cada aminoácido informativo para a codificação de proteínas. Essa abordagem se aproxima de métodos qualitativos para dados morfológicos, nos quais apenas caracteres interpretados com sucesso num contexto filogenético são usados em análises cladísticas. O método permite utilizar informação de caracteres contidos no alinhamento original da seqüência e, portanto, tem maior poder de resolução para inferir árvores filogenéticas que alguns métodos tradicionais (como métodos de distância).