Sistemas de significados en torno a la experiencia erótica y los abusos sexuales en la infancia / Systems of Meanings concerning the Erotic Experience and Child Sexual Abuse

Resumen El abuso sexual infantil puede dejar efectos en la experiencia erótica de las personas. Sin embargo, cuando dicha vivencia es narrada por los participantes ellos podrían significar de diversas maneras sus posibles consecuencias. Por lo tanto, llevamos a cabo una investigación cualitativa, bajo el marco teórico del construccionismo social, en la que participaron cuatro mujeres y dos hombres, quienes experimentaron abusos sexuales en la infancia. Realizamos entrevistas semi-estructuradas y temáticas. En el análisis de las narrativas, observamos la importancia de los constructos de género tradicionales en las primeras experiencias eróticas. Adicionalmente, las vivencias de abusos sexuales permitieron dar sentido a las dificultades observadas en la edad adulta. Finalmente, destacamos que el valor otorgado al amor fue un elemento que permitió la resignificación positiva de la experiencia.

Abstract Child sexual abuse may have effects on the erotic experience of people. However, when such an episode is narrated by the participants, they might give meaning to its possible consequences in different ways. Therefore, we carried out a qualitative research within the theoretical framework of social constructionism involving four women and two men who experienced sexual abuse in childhood. We conducted semi-structured and thematic interviews. In the analysis of the narratives, we noted the importance of the traditional gender constructs in the first erotic experience. Additionally, the experiences of sexual abuse helped to make sense of the difficulties observed in adulthood. Finally, we highlight that the value attributed to love was an element that allowed the positive re-signification of the experience.

Recognition of medical staff in the oncology department about management of cancer related fatigue：a qualitative research / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore how medical staff in the oncology department understand management of cancer related fatigue (CRF), and explore what factors influencing the effective practice of CRF management. Methods Qualitative inquiry was adopted. Ten medical staffs in the oncology department were selected for in- depth interview. Generic analysis was applied to code, categorize and interpret the qualitative data. Results Participants believed that many factors influenced the CRF, which hadn′t been assessed as an independent symptom and lacked the systematic, effective and specific interventions. The medical staff, patients and their families neglecting the CRF management was the main barrier. Strengthening system construction and staff training was mentioned as major area which needed to be improved. Conclusions CRF management guideline should be formulated according to our national situations based on the clinical practices, besides, the training of correlated clinical knowledge and skills of medical staff should be strengthened and eventually promote the cancer patients′quality of life.

Current and previous eating practices among women recovered from anorexia nervosa: a qualitative approach / Práticas alimentares atuais e pregressas em mulheres recuperadas da anorexia nervosa: uma abordagem qualitativa

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze qualitatively how women, who have recovered from anorexia nervosa, perceive and describe their current eating practices, as well as the ones developed during the eating disorder period. METHODS: Seven women were interviewed individually with the objective of investigating their eating practices, transition phases and all relevant aspects that somewhat contributed to the habit-forming; experiences, feelings and perceptions related to mealtime and the influence that food has had over the present subjects' life. The interviews were analyzed by the discourse of the collective subject method. RESULTS: The results brought up the following topics: a) control; b) concerns and feelings; c) deprivation d) beauty dictatorship; e) eating competence; f) importance of food; g) food cacophony. CONCLUSIONS: What stands out is a multiplicity of eating practices, which during the eating disorder were similar to and characterized by restriction; however, after recovery, part of the subjects seem to have developed a higher eating competence, whereas others show a practice similar to the one acquired during the anorexia nervosa, such as the difficulty in realizing when they are satisfied and a feeling of discomfort when facing social interactions.

OBJETIVO: Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar qualitativamente como mulheres que se recuperaram da anorexia nervosa percebem e relatam suas práticas alimentares atuais, bem como as práticas vigentes no período do transtorno. MÉTODOS: Foram feitas sete entrevistas individuais com mulheres que vivenciaram a anorexia nervosa. Estas abordaram: hábitos alimentares das entrevistadas; mudanças e fatores importantes para a formação destes; vivências, sentimentos e percepções associados ao momento da refeição; e a influência que a alimentação exerce na vida das participantes hoje. A análise dessas deu-se a partir da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. RESULTADOS: Os resultados trouxeram os seguintes temas: a) controle; b) preocupações e sensações; c) privação d) ditadura da beleza; e) competência alimentar; f) importância da alimentação; g) cacofonia alimentar. CONCLUSÕES: Destaca-se nesses a multiplicidade das práticas alimentares, que durante o transtorno se assemelham e se caracterizam pela restrição; no entanto, após a recuperação dos sujeitos, alguns parecem ter desenvolvido maior competência alimentar, enquanto outros apresentam práticas semelhantes às vigentes na anorexia nervosa, além de dificuldade de perceberem quando estão satisfeitos e sensação de desconforto em situações de interação social.

Experience and views of academic psychiatrists on the role of spirituality in South African specialist psychiatry / Experiência e visão de psiquiatras acadêmicos sobre o papel da espiritualidade na prática e no treinamento de especialistas em psiquiatria na África do Sul

BACKGROUND: The importance of having to consider the role of spirituality in health, mental health and psychiatry in South Africa has in particular been emphasized by recent legislation on African traditional health practice. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the views and experience of local psychiatrists regarding the role of spirituality in South African specialist psychiatric practice and training. METHOD: This study is an explorative, descriptive, contextual, phenomenological and theory-generating, qualitative investigation. In-depth, semi-structured interviews with individual academic psychiatrists affiliated to a local university were conducted as primary data source. Measures to ensure trustworthiness included credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. RESULTS: Awareness of spirituality, "mindfulness" and an open-minded approach about spirituality should, according to participants, be facilitated in psychiatric practice and training. Six themes were identified through open coding. DISCUSSION: All participants, disregarding of their own views on spirituality and religion, agreed, that under certain conditions, spirituality must be incorporated into the current bio-psycho-social approach in the local practice and training of specialist in psychiatry.

CONTEXTO: A importância de ter de considerar o papel da espiritualidade na saúde, saúde mental e psiquiatria na África do Sul tem sido especialmente enfatizada pela recente legislação sobre práticas tradicionais de saúde na África. OBJETIVO: Explorar as opiniões e experiências de psiquiatras locais sobre o papel da espiritualidade na prática e no treinamento de especialistas em psiquiatria na África do Sul. MÉTODO: Este estudo é uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva, contextual, fenomenológica e geradora de hipótese. A fonte principal de dados foram entrevistas semiestruturadas com psiquiatras filiados a uma universidade local. Para assegurar de que os dados fossem confiáveis, as seguintes medidas foram incluídas: credibilidade, transferibilidade, confiabilidade, e confirmabilidade. RESULTADOS: A consciência da espiritualidade, "mindfulness", e uma abordagem de mente aberta sobre a espiritualidade, segundo os participantes, devem ser facilitadas na prática e no treinamento psiquiátrico. Seis temas foram identificados por meio de códigos abertos. DISCUSSÃO: Todos os participantes, independentemente de suas próprias visões sobre espiritualidade e religião, concordaram que, sob certas condições, a espiritualidade deve ser incorporada na abordagem biopsicossocial atual na prática local e no treinamento de especialistas em psiquiatria.