ABSTRACT
Resumo O envelhecimento populacional modifica profundamente o escopo de atuação da saúde coletiva, altera o perfil de morbimortalidade e aumenta a demanda por cuidados crônicos. Na população idosa, a incapacidade serve como indicador de saúde e balizador de ações e políticas. Esta pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada na antropologia interpretativa e na perspectiva êmica, tem por objetivo compreender a forma de pensar e agir dos idosos diante da “velhice com incapacidade” e suas relações com a saúde pública. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais no domicílio, com roteiro semiestruturado, junto a 57 idosos residentes na cidade, inclusive participantes da coorte de Bambuí. A metodologia de Signos, Significados e Ações orientou a coleta e a análise dos dados, possibilitando a investigação antropológica das representações e comportamentos concretos associados à incapacidade na velhice na cultura local. Emergiram da análise duas categorias acerca das relações entre velhice, incapacidade e cuidado na saúde pública: experiências de cuidado na velhice com incapacidade; o medo da falta de cuidados. Os resultados revelam que a saúde pública precisa rever seus conceitos sobre incapacidade na velhice e incorporar a dimensão funcional da saúde e o cuidado à velhice com incapacidade na agenda.
Abstract Aging of the population profoundly changes the scope of action of public health, altering the profile of morbidity-mortality and increasing the demand for chronic care. In the aging population, disability serves as an indicator of health and a guideline for actions and policies. This enquiry, with a qualitative approach, based on interpretative anthropology and the emic perspective, aims to understand the way of thinking and acting of old people in the face of ‘old age with disability’ and their relationships with public health. Individual interviews were held at the subject’s homes, using a semi-structured script, with 57 old people living in the city, including participants from the cohort of Bambuí. Collection and analysis of the data was oriented by the methodology of Signs, Meanings and Actions, making possible anthropological investigation of the representations and concrete behaviors associated with disability in old age in the local culture. Two categories relating to the relationships between old age, disability and public healthcare emerged from the analysis: (i) experience of care in old age with disability; and (ii) the fear of lack of care. The results reveal that public health needs to review its concepts about disability in old age and incorporate disability into the agenda of the functional dimension of health and care for old age.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aging , Public Health , Disabled Persons , Fear , AnthropologyABSTRACT
ResumoO artigo discute a questão da devolução dos resultados na pesquisa antropológica, a partir da interface com o campo da saúde e da relação com os movimentos sociais. Tem como ponto de partida o diálogo com algumas experiências bem-sucedidas de retorno e também com iniciativas frustradas, que nos permitem identificar negociações e limites dessa prática, bem como diferentes dimensões em que ela se inscreve. A partir dos exemplos, desenvolvemos dois questionamentos em relação às “obrigações pós-pesquisa”: o primeiro deles se refere à natureza ética e política da iniciativa, e o segundo, problematiza o “interesse” pelos resultados, para os diferentes sujeitos implicados na investigação antropológica.
AbstractThis article discusses the topic ofsharing the results of anthropological studies, such as disseminating research results to health professionals and to social movements. The starting point is a dialog with a number of successful and less successful publicizing experiences. This has allowed us to find negotiations and limits of this practice, and the different dimensions of which it is a part. We will use examples to develop two lines of questioning regarding “post-study requirements”. The first has to do with the ethical and political nature of the initiative, and the second problematizes the “interest” in the results on the part of the various subjects involved in the anthropologic investigation.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Condoms/statistics & numerical data , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Sex Workers/statistics & numerical data , Condoms , Philippines , Poverty , Risk Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES. The study aimed to develop a pre-tested tool through a Filipino patient-based approach that incorporated identified factors associated with patient satisfaction in Tertiary DOH Hospitals in the Philippines. METHODS. The study involved two phases. Phase 1 included a qualitative survey on two randomly selected public tertiary hospitals using the eclectic concepts of phenomenology and thematic analysis. This phase was concluded with a construction of a Patient Satisfaction Survey tool. Phase 2 was validation of this tool to four randomly selected public tertiary hospitals. RESULTS. In Phase 1,104 respondents underwent the qualitative survey in which eight principal patient areas were identified namely: admission process, room, nurses, doctors, laboratory, radiology, pharmacy and discharge process. Categories under each were also identified. Phase 2 revealed that the tool constructed in Phase 1 had an excellent overall internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.96). CONCLUSIONS. The product of this research is a validated self-administered Patient Satisfaction Tool which can be given to patients being discharged in tertiary hospitals in the Philippines. The tool may be validated to Level 1 hospitals so that it encompasses all levels of hospitals. Because of policy implications, the tool may be administered every year.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Patients , Nurses , Radiology , PharmacyABSTRACT
A utilização de imagens é um recurso que vem sendo largamente utilizado nas pesquisas qualitativas nas ciências humanas e da saúde. Na Psicologia, as narrativas visuais têm uma função estratégica, pois ajudam a superar barreiras culturais entre pesquisador/pesquisado e produzir conhecimentos culturalmente sensíveis. Objetivou-se apresentar a estratégia de ensaio fotográfico e resultados de investigações que utilizaram narrativas visuais como instrumento metodológico junto às crianças catadoras de lixo, adolescentes em tratamento de dependência química, idosos, adolescentes surdos, profissionais de saúde, estudantes, docentes, assistentes administrativos. Observamos que a fotografia provoca discursos e se apresenta como uma fonte privilegiada de informações da realidade estudada e da visão de mundo dos participantes. A articulação imagem-discurso mostra-se potente no acesso a diferentes dimensões dos sujeitos e constitui uma estratégia de intervenção em várias problemáticas.
The use of images is a resource that is widely used in qualitative surveys in human and health sciences. In Psychology, visual narratives have a strategic function since they help overcoming cultural barriers between surveyor/subject and producing culturally sensitive knowledge. One aims at presenting the photographic essay strategy and the findings from analyses that used visual narratives as methodological instrument with waste scavenging children, adolescents under chemical addition treatment, elders, deaf adolescents, health professionals, students, professors, and administrative assistants. We note that photography stirs up discourses and it is presented as privileged source of information from the analyzed reality and of the participants' worldview. The image-discourse articulation shows itself powerful in accessing subjects' different dimensions and it is an intervention strategy in many issues.
La utilización de imágenes es un recurso que viene siendo largamente utilizado en las pesquisas cualitativas en las ciencias humanas y de la salud. En la Psicología, las narrativas visuales tienen una función estratégica, pues ayudan a superar barreras culturales entre investigador/investigado y producir conocimientos culturalmente sensibles. Se objetiva presentar la estrategia de ensayo fotográfico y resultados de investigaciones que utilizaron narrativas visuales como instrumento metodológico junto a niños recolectores de basuras, adolescentes en tratamiento de dependencia química, personas de edad, adolescentes sordos, profesionales de salud, estudiantes, docentes, asistentes administrativos. Observamos que la fotografía provoca discursos y se presenta como una fuente privilegiada de informaciones de la realidad estudiada y de la visión de mundo de los participantes. La articulación imagen-discurso se muestra potente en el acceso a diferentes dimensiones de los sujetos y constituye una estrategia de intervención en varias problemáticas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Human Experimentation , Photography , Psychology , Public Health , ResearchABSTRACT
Objective To probe into the characteristics of men who have sex with men living in small-medium sized cities and provide scientific foundation for the formulation of strategy for AIDS prevention and control.Methods A qualitative survey was carried out by convenience sampling for thirty one selected MSM.Results Interviewees had a large age gap,widely different occupations and various degrees of education;they depended mainly on internet and friends' contacts to find their sex partners;their knowledge about HIV/STDs was poor and they were indifferent to the risk of AIDs,but were faced with enormous psychological pressure.Multiple sex partners,unprotected anal intercourse were their main high risk behaviors,and they hoped to have access to free condoms,free HIV detection and hot line consultation.Conclusion To implement prevention in an effective manner,close attention should be paid to the role of key persons within the MSM group,to increasing knowledge of the target population,to protecting their mental health and to creating a friendly social environment for their existence and effective use of internet.