ABSTRACT
The quality of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the concentrated reflection of its pharmaceutical value. We should pay attention to the quality of Chinese medicine because it is the core problem for the development of traditional Chinese medicine. Thequality of traditional Chinese medicine is the important connotation of Chinese medicine professional high-level personnel training. Thequality of Chinese medicine has become a priority of degree and diploma education in different levels of traditional Chinese medicine class specialized courses. The quality of Chinese medicine is an important content of traditional Chinese medicine curriculum system and includes the knowledge of Chinese traditional medicine quality factor, quality requirements, quality characteristics, quality management and quality evaluation, etc. This paper mainly discusses thequality of Chinese traditional medicine curriculum structure, textbook compilation and talent cultivation.
ABSTRACT
The quality factors (kQ,Q0) were evaluated by appling the results recently studied for the effect of central electrode in TRS-398 protocol. The PTW-31010 and IBA-CC13 chambers were used in this study. The quality factors were calculated as a function of beam quality for high energy electron and photon beams and compared with data currently used in TRS-398 protocol. In the PTW-31010 chamber using aluminium electrode, appling the new central electrode collections, the quality factors were 0.4% and 0.9% higher than current TRS-398 data for high energy photon and electron beams respectively. In the IBA-CC13 chamber using C-552 electrode, there are no variations in quality factors compared to TRS-398 data currently used.
Subject(s)
Electrodes , ElectronsABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo reduce the effective dose and maintain the image quality by adjusting the image processing parameters in the lumbar spine examinations.Methods This study investigated the influence of image processing parameters on image quality of Philips DR system by evaluating image quality of CDRAD 2.0 phantom.The parameters include detail contrast enhancement,noise compensation,unsharp masking and unsharp masking kernel.The entrance surface dose of phantom was measured by solidose meter.A synthetical parameters optimization project was proposed by analyzing the results of the investigation.This project was also testified by phantoms.ResultsImportant effects were the main effects of DCE,unsharp masking and kernel at the clinically used tube potential of 70 kVp( F =91.45,373.79,429.88,P ＜ 0.05).These effects indicated an increase of the 1QF about 20 units with increasing unsharp masking,while an increase of DCE and kernel led to decrease of IQF about 10 and 21 units.When the tube potential was increased to 85 kV,keeping the settings of the process parameters unchanged,the IQF increased.The results showed statically significant difference ( t =5.31,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionIt is possible to lower the effective dose to the patient by the use of a higher tube potential and maintain a good image quality,and it will have little influence on clinic diagnosis through the most optimal setting of the process parameters.
ABSTRACT
The quality correction in the air kerma dosimetry for Ir-192 using farmer type ionization chambers calibrated by Co-60 quality is required. In this study we determined quality factor (kappa u) of two ionization chambers of PTW-N30001 and N23333 for Ir-192 source using dosimetric method. The quality factors for energy spectrum of microSelectron were determined as kappa u=1.016 and 1.017 for PTW-N30001 and N23333 ionization chambers respectively. We applied quality factors in air kerma dosimetry for microSelectron source and compared with reference values. As a results we found that the differences between reference air kerma rate and measured it with and without quality correction were about -0.5% and -2.0% respectively.
Subject(s)
Gamma Rays , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Objective To study the relationship between the selection of tube tension in digitalchest radiograph and image quality.Methods When tube current was fixed at 4 mAs, the choice of X-ray tube voltage changed from 60 to 120 kV.CDRAD2.0 contrast details phantom and normal human chest were exposed by X-ray system with 7 kinds of tube voltage (the difference between tube voltage was 10 kV) ,and the X-ray incidental dose of phantom surface was measured.Five radiologists with 3 years working experience evaluated the image quality on monitor and calculated the image quality factor (IQF) and image reading score.Statistics analysis was then performed by using ANOVA test and t test.According to the results, the optimum tube voltage range was determined.Results (1) The incidental dose of phantom surface increased with the higher tube voltage.(2)When the tube voltage was changed from 60 kV to 120 kV, the IQF value observed in CDRAD2.0 phantom image on monitor was 75.0±10.4,57.1±6.4,52.7±2.5,47.9±4.5, 46.0±3.8,46.0±2.8,45.2±3.5 ,there was significant statistical differences between groups(F=19.10, P<0.01).(3)The integrated score of the chest image quality in the tube voltage 90 kV and 120 kV were 12.4±0.9 and 13.0±0.7, respectively, and there was no statistical difference between two groups(t= 1.500,P>0.05).Conclusions (1)With the increase of tube tension,the display capacity of display device gradually strengthened.When the tube tension exceeded 90 kV, the increase of image quality on monitor was not evident.(2) With proper radiation dose, the value of tube tension in digital X-ray chest photograph was about 90 kV.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the factors which would effect the quality of blood specimen,and then set the countermeasures. Methods Investigated the whole course of venous blood sampling by the quality control group,and then analyzed the data. Results 13% nursing personnel did not know the factors which would effect the quality of blood specimen.9% nursing personnel collect venous blood with a nonstandard way.The factors which would effect the quality of blood specimen were: test tube was not enough dry,the injector air leak,mechanical injury,the time of deliver specimen was too long,anticoagulant clotting,and so on. Conclusion Strengthen the training of professional skill and knowledge for nursing personnel,and then improve the quality of blood specimen.
ABSTRACT
The quality factors for cylindrical ionization chambers for kV X-rays were determined by Monte Carlo calculation and measurement. In this study, the X-rays of 60~300 kV beam (ISO-4037) installed in KFDA and specified in energy spectra and beam qualities, and the chambers of PTW N23333 and N30001 were investigated. In calculations, the k(u) and k(Q,Q(0)) in IAEA dosimetry protocols were determined from the air kerma and the cavity dose obtained by theoretical and Monte Carlo calculations. It is shown that the N30001 chamber has a flat response of +/-1.7% in 110~300 kV region, while the response range of two chambers were shown to +/-3~4% in 80~250 kV region. From this work we have discussed dosimetry protocol for the kV X-rays and we have found that the estimation of energy dependency is more important to apply dosimetry protocol for kV X-rays.
ABSTRACT
This study used questionnaires to investigate the safety awareness for imported foods by 365 male and female adults in Taejon. The results of the study were as follow : By factor analysis, the subjects' behaviors and awareness of the imported food was grouped into 3 factors such as 'health and quality factor', 'purchasing factor' and 'contamination factor'. 'Health and quality factor' and 'purchasing factor' were not recognized negatively by the subjects, moreover' contamination factor' was recognized very highly. The subjects' concern and worry about the imported food was also very high. The marital status, education level, nutriton knowledge adn recognition level of contamination by pesticides and heavy metals of foods partially affected the recognitio level of imported foods. The major selection criteria of imported food were distribution period(36.3%), price(28.8%) and purchasing experience(17.3%). The imported food mean discrimination score was 8.4+/-3.1 out of 13. The worst discriminatio score was red pepper. The subjects' experiences with imported foods selection affected the most instead of education level or nutrition knowledge. The higher discrimination score group more negatively recognized imported food and contamination recognition level was higher whereas the lowerdiscrimination score group more positively recognized the purchasing frequency and with to buy more easily. But both groups desired to reinforce contamination control. The better discrimination score of imported food pooring recognized sanitation concerns(p<0.05), quality(p<0.05), cooking convenience(p<0.01), desire for more variety(p<0.05), and the higher contamination recognition level(p<0.05) and desire to reinforce contamination control(p<0.01).