Determinantes del subempleo en Colombia: una aproximación a partir de un modelo PROBIT / Determining factors of underemployment in Colombia: An approach based on a Probit model

Resumen El subempleo es un indicador de la calidad del empleo, así como del nivel de subutilización de la capacidad productiva de la población ocupada. En este artículo se analizan los determinantes de la probabilidad de caer en el subempleo en Colombia. Se utilizaron los datos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares del año 2017, para estimar un modelo Probit. Se encontró que mayor educación y experiencia se asocia con una menor probabilidad de caer en el subempleo. Las mujeres, los trabajadores cabeza de hogar, los trabajadores por cuenta propia y los empleados domésticos, tienen una mayor probabilidad de ser subempleados.

Abstract Underemployment is an indicator of the quality of employment, as well as the level of underutilization of the productive capacity of the occupied population. This article discusses the determinants of the likelihood of falling into underemployment in Colombia. Data from the Large Integrated Household Survey was used to estimate a Probit model. It was found that better education and experience are associated with a lower likelihood of falling into underemployment. Women, men or women who are heads of family, self-employed workers, and domestic workers, are more likely to be underemployed.

Qualidade do trabalho no setor TIC na Argentina: tensões entre trajetórias individuais e coletivas / La calidad del trabajo en el sector TIC en Argentina: tensiones entre trayectorias singulares y colectivas / La qualité du travail dans le secteur des TIC en Argentine: tensions entre trajectoires singulières et collectives / The quality of work in the IT sector in Argentina: tensions between singular and collective trajectories

No estudo que inspirou este artigo, procurou-se enriquecer os trabalhos clássicos sobre qualidade do emprego, que limitam sua aproximação às variáveis institucionais. Dessa maneira, tentou-se incluir dimensões que permitam considerar a qualidade de trabalho percebida subjetivamente pelos trabalhadores. A organização do trabalho e a mediação do coletivo representam a chave na configuração de um trabalho de qualidade. No setor informático, a organização por objetivos exige que os funcionários cumpram tarefas que envolvem aprendizagem contínua e favorecem a autonomia. Em compensação, as exigências cognitivas são muito elevadas, a duração da jornada de trabalho é desregulamentada, sem limite de tempo, estendendo-se além do local de trabalho. Consequentemente, os postos de trabalho inscrevem-se em condições ergonômicas não controladas. Essa organização do trabalho prejudica os trabalhadores e impede a construção de um coletivo de trabalho capaz de defender seus interesses...

En el estudio que inspiró este artículo, se ha buscado enriquecer los trabajos clásicos sobre calidad del empleo, que limitan su aproximación a las variables institucionales, para incluir dimensiones que permiten considerar la calidad de trabajo percibida subjetivamente por los trabajadores. La organización del trabajo y la mediación del colectivo juegan un rol clave en la configuración de un trabajo de calidad. En el sector informático, la organización por objetivos exige a los empleados cumplir tareas que implican aprendizaje continuo y que favorezcan la autonomía. En contrapartida, las exigencias cognitivas son muy elevadas, la duración de la jornada de trabajo se encuentra desregulada, sin límite de tiempo, y se extiende hacia más allá del lugar de trabajo por lo cual los puestos de trabajo se inscriben en condiciones ergonómicas no controladas. Esta organización del trabajo afecta a los trabajadores y bloquea la construcción de un colectivo de trabajo capaz de defender sus intereses...

Dans l'étude qu'inspire cet article, on a cherché à enrichir les travaux classiques sur la qualité des emplois qui limitent leur approche aux variables institutionnelles pour inclure des dimensions qui permettent de considérer la qualité du travail telle que subjectivement perçue par les travailleurs. L'organisation du travail et la médiation du collectif jouent un rôle clé dans la configuration d'un travail de qualité. Dans le secteur informatique, l'organisation par objectifs exige aux employés d'accomplir des tâches qui encouragent l'apprentissage continu et favorisent leur autonomie. Par contre, les exigences cognitives sont très élevées, la durée de la journée de travail est déréglementée, sans limite de temps, et s'étend en dehors du lieu de travail et les postes s'inscrivent dans des conditions ergonomiques non contrôlées. Cette organisation du travail affecte les travailleurs et empêche la consolidation d'un collectif de travail capable d'agir pour la défense de leurs intérêts...

In the study that inspired this article, we try to enrich the classic work on the quality of jobs that limits its focus to institutional variables to include dimensions that allow to take into account the quality of work subjectively perceived by workers. Work organization and collective mediation play a key role in creating quality work. In the IT sector, the organizing objectives required of employees performing tasks that encourage learning and promote self-sufficiency. The cognitive demands are very high, the configuration of the workday deregulated, no time limit, takes place outside of work and, consequently, the ergonomics are not controlled. This organization of work affects workers and prevents the consolidation of a group capable of operating in defense of their interests...

Comparision on Work Fatigue between the Disabled and the Healthy / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the status of work fatigue of the disabled and the healthy so that we get to know their employment quality and compressive strength, and then provide the theory basis for the national policy formulation and vocational rehabilitation. Methods We randomly investigated 280 employees (220 disabled, 60 healthy people) in 3 companies from 3 provinces with Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS). Results There was no statistically significant difference between disabled and healthy people about work fatigue, and also that of 3 domains including psycho-social, cognitive and physical activity. After comparison of 40 items on FIS，the disabled had higher fatigue than that of the healthy in 4 items which belonged to psycho-social domain (P<0.05). Conclusion Disabled people are no less than healthy people in compression capability and working capability. They should believe in themselves, and their family and the employees should have more confidence about their work capability than before. Government should provide some support with them on job retention.

Investigation of Job Satisfaction in the Disabled People / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the status of job satisfaction and the influencing factors of the disabled in order to know their employment quality.Methods79 disabled employees of one company in Hunan province were randomly interviewed with Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire.ResultsThe overall satisfaction scores of 74 disabled workers was 67.78, which inner satisfaction was better than external satisfaction. The most satisfied was job independence and colleagues' relationships and the most unsatisfied was work flexibility and conditions. There were statistically significant differences between gender, age, disabled species and job satisfaction. In personal level, most influencing factors of disabled job satisfaction were gender, age, disability and salary types.ConclusionVocational rehabilitation such as the high-risk population could be performed specifically on the basis of the job satisfaction survey.