Application of different analytic quality requirements in comparable validation scheme of blood cell analysis multi-system / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the differences of using different analytic quality requirements in the comparable validation of blood cell analysis multi-system range test comparable schemes for establishing appropriate analysis quality standards for laboratory.Methods According to WS/T 407-2012 Guideline for Comparability Verification of Quantitative Results in Medical Institution,the range test comparable method was established.According to different sources of analytic quality requirements from the WS/T 406-2012 Analysis Quality Requirements of Clinical Hematological Detection Routine Items,the US Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (88),GB/T 20470-2006 Requirements of External Quality Assessment for Clinical Laboratories and biological variations,corresponding analysis quality requirements standard was designed.Results With the standards designed by using WS/T 406-2012,CLIA′-88 and GB/T 20470-2006 as the analysis quality requirements,only the comparison results of low concentration levels in 3 items of HBC,PLT and HCT were not passed,while other results all were passed;all results passed the consistency verification by suitably revising the analytic quality requirements of low value concentrations.With the biological variations as the analysis quality requirement,the comparison results in WBC three concentration levels,and HBG high and low concentration levels were passed,but other results were not passed.Conclusion The biological variations analytical quality requirements are relative demanding.Using WS/T 406-2012 Analysis Quality Requirements of Clinical Hematological Detection Routine Items and GB/T 20470-2006 Requirements of External Quality Assessment for Clinical Laboratories,fully considering the suitability of low concentration quality requirements and formulating appropriate analysis quality standards of laboratory are the important contents of laboratory comparable validation scheme.

Quality Requirements for Reference Intervals and Decision Limits in Clinical Laboratory / 现代检验医学杂志

Reference intervals and decision limits are critical parts of the clinical laboratory report.The evaluation ot their correct use represents a tool to verify the post analytical quality.Four elements are identified as indicators:① The use of decision limits for lipids and glycated hemoglobin.② The use of common reference values.③The presence of gender-related reference intervals for at least the following common serum measurands (besides obviously the fertility relate hormones):alkaline phosphatase (ALP),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),creatine kinase (CK),creatinine,gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT),IgM,ferritin,iron,transferrin,urate,red blood cells (RBC),hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT).④) The presence of age-related reference intervals.The problem of specific reference intervals for elderly people is discussed,but their use is not recommended.On the contrary it is necessary the presence of pediatric age-related reference intervals at least for the following common serum measurands:ALP,amylase,creatinine,inorganic phosphate,lactate dehydrogenase,aspartate aminotransferase,urate,insulin like growth factor 1,white blood cells,RBC,Hb,HCT,alfafetoprotein and fertility related hormones.The lack of such reference intervals may imply significant risks for the patients.

Requerimientos de calidad en hemostasia: Variabilidad biológica versus estado actual de la metodología / Quality requirements in hemostasis: Biological variability versus the state of art / Requisitos de qualidade em hemostasia: Variabilidade Biológica versus o Estado atual da metodología

El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar los requerimientos de calidad (RC) de Variabilidad Biológica (VB) con el Estado Actual de la Metodología (EA) en ocho analitos de hemostasia. Se determinó el EA calculando el Coeficiente de Variación promedio ponderado (CVpp) de al menos 6 evaluaciones externas: RIQAS (ET1) y CAP (ET2). Los datos de Error Total aceptable (ETa) por VB mínimo (VBm) y deseable (VBd) se calcularon a partir de los CV intra e inter individuos reportados en www.westgard.com. Los datos obtenidos: Tiempo de Protrombina (TP segundos): ETVBm 7,9%, ETVBd 5,3%, ET1 19%, ET2 13%; Tiempo parcial de tromboplastina activada: (APTT segundos): ETVBm 6,7%, ETVBd 4,5%, ET1 23%, ET2 11%. INR: ETVBm 7,9%, ETVBd 5,3%, ET1 20%, ET2 16%; Fibrinógeno: ETVBm 20,4%, ETVBd13,6%, ET 10%, ET2 16%, FVIII: ETVBm13,3%, ETVBd 8,9%, ET1 30%, ET2 45%, FVII ETVBm16,1%, ETVBd 10,7%, ET1 31%, ET2 42%, Proteína C cromogénica (PCc) ETVBm 28%, ETVBd 18,7%, ET1 36%, ET2 25%; Proteína S libre (PSl ): ETVBm 31,1%, ETVBd 20,7%, ET1 18%, ET2 28%; Antitrombina cromogénica (ATc): ETVBm 12,5%, ETVBd 8,9%, ET1 18%, ET2 28%. Los únicos analitos que cumplen con el requerimiento de calidad de VBm o VBd son: fibrinógeno, PC y PS. Si bien cada laboratorio puede decidir las especificaciones de calidad que desea aplicar, la cuestión a debatir es: "cuál es el requerimiento de calidad deseable para la utilidad clínica de estos ensayos".

The aim of this work was to compare the quality requirements of biological variability (BV) with the state of the art (SA) in eight hemostasis analytes. SA was determined by calculating the weighted average coefficient of vari ation (CVwa) of at least 6 external evaluations: RIQAS (ET1) and CAP (ET2). Data acceptable total error (TEa) for minimum and desirable biological variability (VBm y VBd) was calculated from the coefficient of variation (CV) within-subject and between subject www.westgard.com reported. The following was the data : Prothrombin time ( PT second): ETVBm 7.9%, ETVBd 5.3%, ET1 19%, ET2 13%; Activated partial thromboplastin time (second APTT): ETVBm 6.7%, ETVBd 4.5%, ET1 23%, ET2 11%; INR: ETVBm 7.9%, ETVBd 5.3%, ET1 20%, ET2 16%; Fibrinogen: ETVBm 20.4% ETVBd 13.6% ET1 20%, ET2 16%, FVIII: ETVBm 13.3%, ETVBd 8.9%, ET1 30%, ET2 45% ; FVII: ETVBm 16.1%, ETVBd 10.7%, ET1 31%, ET2 42%; chromogenic Protein C (PCc): ETVBm 28%, ETVBd 18.7%, ET1 36%, ET2 25%; free Protein S (PSf ): ETVBm 31.1% ETVBd 20.7%, ET1 18%, ET2 28%; chromogenic Antithrombin (ATc): ETVBm 12.5%, ETVBd8.9%, ET1 18%, ET2 28%.The only analytes that meet the VBm or VBd quality requirement are fibrinogen, PC and PS. While each laboratory can decide the quality specifications it wants to apply, the issue to be discussed is: "what is the desirable quality requirement for clinical usefulness of these tests?"

O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar os requisitos de qualidade (RQ) de variabilidade biológica (VB) com o estado atual da metodologia (EA) em oito analitos de hemostasia. Foi determinada a EA através do cálculo do coeficiente de variação médio ponderado (CVmp) de pelo menos 6 avaliações externas: RIQAS (ET1) e CAP (ET2). Os dados de erro total admissível (ETa) para VB mínimo desejável (VBm) e (VBd) foram calculados a partir do CV intra e inter indivíduos reportados em www.westgard.com. Os dados obtidos: Tempo de Protrombina (TP segundos) ETVBm 7,9%, ETVBd 5,3%, ET1 19%, ET2 13% ; Tempo parcial de tromboplastina ativada (APTT segundos): ETVBm 6,7%, ETVBd 4,5%, ET1 23%, ET2 11%; INR: ETVBm 7,9%, ETVBd 5,3%, ET1 20%, ET2 16%; Fibrinogênio: ETVBm 20.4%, ETVBd 13,6%, ET1 20%, ET2 16%; FVIII: ETVBm 13,3%, ETVBd 8,9%, ET1 30%, ET2 45%; FVII: ETVBm 16,1%, ETVBd 10,7%, ET1 31%, ET2 42%; Proteína C cromogênica (PCc): ETVBm 28% ETVBd 18,7%, ET1: 36%, ET2: 25%; Proteína S livre (PSl ): ETVBm: 31,1%, ETVBd 20,7%, ET1: 18%, ET2: 28%; Antitrombina cromogênica (ATc): ETVBm12,5%, ETVBd 8.9%, ET1 18%, ET2 28%. Os únicos analitos que atendem o requisito de qualidade de VBm ou VBd são: fibrinogênio, PC e PS. Embora cada laboratório possa decidir as especificações de qualidade que deseja aplicar, a questão a ser discutida é "qual é o requisito de qualidade desejável para a utilidade clínica destes testes?".

Evaluación del desempeño analítico de tres métodos de cuantificación de hemoglobina A1c / Analytical performance evaluation of three methods for hemoglobin A1c quantification / Avaliação do desempenho analítico do três métodos de quantificação de hemoglobina A1c

El laboratorio debe garantizar la exactitud de los resultados de HbA1c cumpliendo con los requisitos analíticos internacionales de calidad, cada vez más estrictos y asegurar que una variación de HbA1c de 0,5 puntos porcentuales (%-NGSP) o más entre dos controles consecutivos de un paciente diabético se deba a una variación clínica y no a una variación analítica. En este trabajo se evaluó el desempeño analítico de tres métodos comerciales para HbA1c: inmunoturbidimétrico, enzimático y cromatográfico de intercambio catiónico. Para tal fin, se procesaron por cada método distintos controles comerciales de HbA1c, con trazabilidad al método de referencia IFCC, determinándose en cada caso Coeficiente de Variación Total, Bias, Error Total, Valor de Referencia del Cambio y cambio clínico significativo de HbA1c en el punto crítico 7,0%-NGSP. En las condiciones analíticas de este trabajo, solamente el método inmunoturbidimétrico tuvo un desempeño analítico aceptable, permitiendo atribuir un cambio de 0,5%-NGSP a una variación clínica significativa del paciente. Frente a las recomendaciones internacionales sobre el uso de HbA1c en el control y diagnóstico de diabetes, es indiscutible la importancia de elegir un método que satisfaga los requerimientos analíticos mínimos de calidad para asegurar la utilidad clínica del resultado de HbA1c.

The laboratory must guarantee the accuracy of HbA1c results meeting the increasingly strict international analytical quality standards and assuring that an HbA1c variation of 0.5 percentage points (%-NGSP) or more between two consecutive controls of a diabetic patient is due to a clinical variation and not to an analytical variation. In this paper, the analytical performance of three commercial methods for HbA1c: Immunoturbidimetric, Chromatographic and Enzymatic Cation Exchange, were evaluated. For this purpose, commercial controls with assigned values traceable to the IFCC reference method for HbA1c were processed. For each methodology, total Coefficient of Variation (CV%), Bias%, Total Error (TE%), Change Reference Value and Clinically Significant Change (CSC) at the critical point of HbA1c 7.0%-NGSP were determined. Within the analytical conditions of this study, only the immunoturbidimetric method had an acceptable analytical performance, allowing attribute a change in 0.5%-NGSP to a significant clinical variation. Faced with international recommendations on the use of HbA1c on control and diagnosis of diabetes, the importance of choosing a method that meets the minimum analytical quality requirements to ensure the clinical utility of HbA1c result is undeniable.

O laboratório deve garantir a precisão dos resultados da HbA1c cumprindo com os requisitos analíticos internacionais de qualidade cada vez mais exigentes e garantir que uma variação de HbA1c de 0,5 pontos percentuais (% - NGSP) ou mais entre duas verificações consecutivas de um doente diabético seja devido a uma variação clínica e não a uma variação analítica. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o desempenho analítico de três métodos comerciais para HbA1c: imunoturbidimétrico, enzimático e cromatográfico de intercâmbio catiônico. Para esse fim, foram processados diversos controles comerciais de HbA1c por cada método, com rastreabilidade ao método de referência IFCC, determinando em cada caso Quociente de Variação Total, Bias, Erro Total, Valor de Referência da Alteração e Alteração Clinicamente Significativa de HbA1c no ponto crítico 7,0%-NGSP. Nas condições de análise deste estudo, apenas o método imunoturbidimétrico teve um desempenho analítico aceitável, permitindo atribuir uma alteração de 0,5%-NGSP a uma variação clínica significativa do paciente. Perante as recomendações internacionais sobre o uso da HbA1c no controle e diagnóstico da diabetes, é inegável a importância de escolher um método que atenda os requisitos analíticos mínimos de qualidade de análise para garantir a utilidade clínica do resultado HbA1c.

The result of quality parameters determination of amlodipine 10 mg tablet / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

BackgroundAmlodipine is one of the products included in Mongolian Essential Medicine list. Local drug manufacturers don’t produce this product and our country imports this product from several countries. Drug research institute has developed the technology to produce Amlodipine 10 mg tablet on the scientific basis and quality determination and stability study have to be performed.GoalThe main aim of this study was to perform quality determination of Amlodipine 10 mg tablet. In the framework of this study quality criteria were determined and HPLC method to determine amlodipine content was developed.Materials and MethodsThe appearance and average weight of tablet determined visual and weight test method instead of Mongolian national Pharmacopeia. Friability, disintegration time, dissolution characteristics determined SY-6D tablet tester equipment. Assay method was instead of British and Russian pharmacopeia used by Shimadzu HPLC equipment[3, 4]. Amlodidine besilate standard substance was made by Sigma-Aldrich company. The microbial limit test determined instead of Mongolian national Pharmacopeia.ResultsOn the result of this study the following results were received: average weight 0.177 g, weight range +6.5, - 2.1; tablet friability 99.57%, disintegration time 7 seconds, dissolution 97%, meet the requirement uniformity of dosage unit. HPLC method to determine amlodipine content was developed and suitable condition for HPLC was: column - octadecylsilane 5μm, 4.6 x 150 mm, mobile phase buffer-acetonitrile-methanol (50:15:35), detection - 237 mn. Bacteria, yeasts, mould and Escherichia coli were absence in Amlodipine 10 mg tablet.ConclusionsDetermined quality requirement of Amlodipine 10 mg tablet. The assay method developed suitable condition of HPLC instead of British pharmacopeia. Bacteria, moulds, yeast and Escherichia coli were absence in Amlodipine 10 mg tablet.

Verificación de métodos en un laboratorio acreditado y planificación del control de calidad interno / Method verification in a certified laboratory and internal quality control planification / Verificação de métodos num laboratório credenciado e planejamento do controle de qualidade interno

En el proceso de verificación de métodos se obtienen datos del desempeño del sistema de medición en las condiciones de trabajo del laboratorio; luego esto es cotejado con las especificaciones brindadas por el fabricante de reactivos y con los requerimientos de calidad disponibles de distintas fuentes. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron aplicar protocolos de evaluación de métodos publicados en guías internacionales (CLSI, Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute) para verificar el correcto rendimiento de las metodologías evaluadas y diseñar e implementar una estrategia de control de calidad interno (CCI) que permita evaluar la estabilidad del sistema de medición en el tiempo. Se evaluaron glucosa, creatinina y láctico deshidrogenasa (LDH); sobre las metodologías para la valoración de los mismos se realizaron los ensayos correspondientes a la verificación de precisión y veracidad, linealidad, límite de detección, comparación de equipos y establecimiento de valores de referencia de acuerdo con lo establecido en las guías CLSI EP15-A2, EP6-A, EP17-A, EP9-A2, C28-A2, respectivamente. En todos los ensayos realizados se cumplieron con las especificaciones estipuladas por el fabricante para cada analito, como así también con los requerimientos de calidad elegidos para el error total permitido. Además, se determinó el punto operativo y se especificaron las reglas de CCI adecuadas para el seguimiento del desempeño de estas metodologías. Con los resultados obtenidos se construyó una matriz de calidad para hacer el seguimiento mensual de los parámetros evaluados. Aplicando procedimientos de verificación de métodos se demostró la aceptabilidad de los parámetros analíticos evaluados. La verificación de los métodos permite diseñar y aplicar una estrategia de CCI para evaluar la estabilidad analítica de los sistemas de medición en el tiempo, dentro de un marco de seguridad analítica exigido para métodos acreditados.

The process of method verification (MV) generates data about the performance of a measuring system in current laboratory working conditions; later, the information obtained is compared to the specifications issued by the assay manufacturer and International Regulating Organizations. The objectives of this study were: 1) to apply evaluation protocols established by international guidelines (CLSI, Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) to verify the correct performance of the methodologies under analysis; 2) to design and implement a strategy of internal quality control (IQC) that allows evaluating the stability of the measuring system in time. Glucose, creatinine and lactate deshidrogenase were subject to analysis. Verification of precision, trueness, linearity detection limit, instrument comparison and reference values were performed under the provisions of CLSI EP-15A2, EP6A, EP17-A, EP9-A2 and C28-A2 guidelines, respectively. For every assay, the procedures indicated by the manufacturer were respected, as well as the quality requirements chosen for total allowed error. An operative point was obtained and adequate ICQ rules for monitoring the performance of those methodologies were established. With the results obtained, a quality matrix was built for a monthly follow-up of the evaluated parameters. The acceptability of the evaluated analytical parameters was proved by the application of MV procedures. Furthermore, the MV enabled to design and implementation of an ICQ strategy to test the analytical stability of the measuring systems, in the analytical safety environment required for accredited methods.

No processo de verificação de métodos são obtidos dados do desempenho do sistema de medição nas condições de trabalho do laboratório; depois isto é comparado com as especificações oferecidas pelo fabricante de reagentes de laboratório e com os requerimentos de qualidade disponíveis em diversas fontes. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram aplicar protocolos de avaliação de métodos publicados em guias internacionais (CLSI, Clínical Laboratory Standard Institute) para verificar o correto rendimento das metodologias avaliadas e desenhar e implementar uma estratégia de controle de qualidade interno (CCI) que permita avaliar a estabilidade do sistema de medição no tempo. Foram avaliadas glicose, creatinina e desidrogenase lática (LDH); sobre as metodologias para a avaliação dos mesmos foram realizados os ensaios correspondentes à verificação de precisão e veracidade, linearidade, limite de detecção, comparação de equipamentos e estabelecimento de valores de referência conforme o estabelecido nos guias CLSI EP15-A2, EP6-A, EP17-A, EP9-A2, C28-A2, respectivamente. Em todos os ensaios realizados foram cumpridas as especificações estabelecidas pelo fabricante para cada analito, bem como com os requerimentos de qualidade selecionados para o erro total permitido. Além disso, foi possível determinar o ponto operacional e especificar as regras do CCI adequadas para o acompanhamento do desempenho destas metodologias. Com os resultados obtidos se construiu uma matriz de qualidade para fazer o acompanhamento mensal dos parâmetros avaliados. Aplicando procedimentos de verificação de métodos foi demonstrada a aceitabilidade dos parâmetros analíticos avaliados. A verificação dos métodos permite desenhar e aplicar uma estratégia de CCI para avaliar a estabilidade analítica dos sistemas de medição no tempo, dentro de um quadro de segurança analítica exigido para métodos com credenciamento.