ABSTRACT
Introducción: En Colombia mueren anualmente alrededor de 7000 personas por accidentes de tránsito y otras resultan gravemente heridas, con más de 30 000 lesionados en 2018. Estas cifras reflejan un problema de salud pública, lo que hace necesario generar un proceso de concienciación para lograr un cambio de actitud en todos los actores viales, así como incrementar el conocimiento de las personas respecto a la movilización y las señales de tránsito. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto de un programa educativo en conocimiento vial en la adopción de actitudes seguras hacia el tránsito y la movilidad en escolares de 11 a 14 años de Barranquilla, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: La investigación está estructurada en un diseño de preprueba, posprueba con grupo de comparación con mediciones a través de dos escalas: una escala de actitudes de los estudiantes en relación con la seguridad vial y un segundo instrumento que evalúa conocimientos respecto a las normas de tránsito y la movilidad. Resultados: Se encontró que existen diferencias significativas entre los niños que tuvieron la experiencia educativa en relación con las normas y señales de tránsito. Conclusiones: La educación vial se muestra como una estrategia positiva en la formación de actitudes seguras en relación con la normativa de tránsito y movilidad.
Introduction: In Colombia, 7,000 people, in average, die every year from traffic accidents and others are seriously injured, with more than 30,000 injured in 2018. These figures reflect a public health problem, which makes it necessary to generate an awareness process to achieve change in attitude in all road actors, as well as increasing people's knowledge regarding mobilization and traffic signs. Objective: To determine the impact of an educational program on road knowledge in the adoption of safe attitudes towards traffic and mobility in schoolchildren aged 11 to 14 years from Barranquilla, Colombia. Materials and methods: This research is structured in a pre-test and post-test design with a comparison group with measurements through two scales: a scale of students' attitudes in relation to road safety, and a second instrument that assesses knowledge regarding traffic regulations and mobility. Results: It was found that there are significant differences between the children who had the educational experience in relation to traffic rules and signs. Conclusions: Road safety education is shown as a positive strategy in the formation of safe attitudes in relation to traffic and mobility regulations.
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Background: Pakistan is among the countries which have the highest maternal, neonatal and child mortality rates. Immediate efforts are required to enable Pakistan to achieve the health related sustainable development goals. The continuum of care interventions can substantially reduce the mortality burden, however local evidence to implement them is lacking in Pakistan. We implemented the maternal, neonatal and child health intervention package comprised of health facility strengthening, capacity building, continuum of care interventions and community mobilization and evaluated its effectiveness on maternal, neonatal and child health care practices and neonatal mortality.Methods: The intervention package was delivered through existing public health system in a rural district of Pakistan. We used a quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of interventions. Baseline and end line surveys were conducted and neonatal mortality was considered as the primary outcome measure. Data were analysed using bivariate and difference and difference analysis techniques.Results: We found a reduced risk of neonatal mortality (RR 0.704; 95% CI 0.557-0.889; p=0.0033), in intervention areas compared to control area. For secondary outcomes; including mortality for infants and under five children, antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, institutional deliveries, postnatal care, delayed bathing, inappropriate cord care practices, birth asphyxia, exclusive breastfeeding and immunization a significant difference (p<0.001) was observed in the intervention area compared to control area.Conclusions: This study provides local evidence from Pakistan that effective methods for delivering MNCH interventions within the existing health infrastructure can improve the MNCH outcomes especially in the rural areas
ABSTRACT
Background: Injections are one of the vital route of drug administration in emergency medical practice. WHO has estimated that out of 12 billion injections administered worldwide annually 50% are unsafe and 75% are unnecessary. Despite of humungous efforts medical students still lack the confidence in injecting drugs due to stress for post graduation selection. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge of students regarding administration of I.M. and I.V. injections; to make students confident and skilful about administration of I.M. and I.V. injections and to assess the proportion of students who can skilfully administer I.V. and I.M. before and after this intervention.Methods: This was a Quasi experimental study carried out on 150 students of junior final medical students of GMC Bhopal for a period of three months.Results: Out of effective 136 students, 93.4% had ever seen I.M./ I.V. administration. 29.4% have administered I.M. and 16.9% I.V. injection ever. A significant increase in knowledge regarding I.M. and I.V. administration technique is observed following interventional training of the participants. Significant gain in self confidence among the students was perceived.Conclusions: There was a convincing increase in skillful knowledge and self-confidence for parenteral injection technique among medical undergraduates.
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Abstract Background: Emotional intelligence (EI) has often been linked to improvements in professional performance. Indeed, generic competencies related to EI have been included in university curricula. However, learning EI involves significant time and effort on the part of students, and this may hinder the acquisition of specific content for each degree. In this study, an intervention to develop EI in higher education students is described and evaluated. Methods: The intervention consisted of eight group sessions performed in a regular course aiming to increase EI. The sessions included strategies and training on perceiving and understanding one's own emotions and others' emotions, identifying and understanding the impact one's own feelings in adopting decisions, expressing one's own emotions and the stress experienced, and managing both one's own emotions and emotions of others. Participants were 192 students studying for a Master of Primary Education degree. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was adopted. The effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated using multi-level analyses. Results: The results showed a significant improvement in the EI of students in the experimental group compared with the control group. Conclusions: This research demonstrates that it is possible to develop EI in higher education students, without hindering the acquisition of specific content competencies and, therefore, without interfering with their academic performance and without overburdening students with work outside the classroom. Trial registration: The experiment has been registered in the Initial Deposit of the Spanish Center for Sociological Research (CIS). 7/6/2015. http://www.cis.es/cis/opencms/ES/index.html.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Professional Training , Faculty/education , Emotional Intelligence , Students , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, cuasiexperimental en el consultorio médico de la familia (CMF) 19 del Consejo Popular 10 de Octubre, municipio Ranchuelo, Villa Clara, Cuba, de febrero 2013 a febrero 2014, para determinar el efecto de la terapia homeopática en el tratamiento del asma bronquial en adultos durante un año. Se utilizó una formulación homeopática compuesta por Kalium nitricum 200 cH y Arsenicum album 200 cH. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos con pruebas no paramétricas. Al finalizar la intervención del número de crisis disminuyó en los pacientes que adhirieron al tratamiento de forma constante. Al comenzar el año de tratamiento, la totalidad de los pacientes se distribuían entre los 4 grupos de clasificación según la evolución temporal. Luego de aplicar el tratamiento, los pacientes adheridos al mismo disminuyeron en la clasificación de la enfermedad. Se recomienda promover la prescripción de los medicamentos homeopáticos junto al tratamiento convencional en el asma. (AU)
We performed a prospective, longitudinal and quasi experimental study at family outpatient clinic 19, October 10th Popular Council, Ranchuelo, Villa Clara, Cuba, from February 2013 through February 2014. The aim of the present study was to establish the effect of homeopathic medication for treatment of asthma among adults along 1 year. Patients received a combination of Kalium nitricum 200cH and Arsenicum album 200cH. Statistical analysis involved non-parametric tests. At the end of follow-up the number of asthma attacks decreased among the patients who took the medication continuously. At baseline, patients were distributed across all 4 severity groups; the degree of severity decreased among all the participants who adhered to treatment. Use of homeopathy as adjuvant to conventional treatment should be promoted. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Asthma/therapy , Arsenicum Album/therapeutic use , Homeopathy , Kali Nitricum/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Introdução: O uso da laserterapia em pacientes oncológicos com mucosite oral tem efeitos biológicos por meio de processos fotofísicos e bioquímicos que aumentam o metabolismo celular, estimulando a atividade mitocondrial, atuando como analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios e reparadores da lesão da mucosa. Objetivo: Averiguar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com mucosite oral induzida pelos tratamentos antineoplásicos previamente à aplicação de laserterapia e posterior à regressão das lesões orais. Metodologia: Trata-se de um ensaio quase-experimental com 18 pacientes oncológicos em atendimento hospitalar que desenvolveram mucosite oral. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e o questionário de Qualidade de Vida (UW-QOL) aplicado antes das sessões com laser de baixa potência e após a regressão das lesões. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram o teste t de Student e o teste Quiquadrado, admitindo ser significativo o p<0,05. Resultado: A faixa etária mais prevalente foi entre 65 e 74 anos, etnia branca, sexo masculino, casado, frequentou o ensino fundamental, usuários do SUS e moradores de cidades diversas. O diagnóstico oncológico mais frequente foi a Leucemia aguda, sendo a quimioterapia o tratamento em 100% dos casos e em 50%, a radioterapia. A média dos escores de qualidade de vida dos pacientes foi 456,2, anterior ao início do tratamento com laserterapia, e 678,3, posterior à intervenção. Conclusão: A qualidade de vida melhorou após as sessões de laserterapia, sendo que as mudanças mais significativas ocorreram nos domínios ligados à dor, aparência, deglutição, mastigação, fala, paladar e salivação, sendo o laser de baixa potência uma ferramenta adequada no manejo da mucosite oral.
Introduction: The use of laser therapy in cancer patients with oral mucositis have biological effects through biochemical and photophysical processes that increase the cell metabolism by stimulating mitochondrial activity, acting as analgesics, anti-inflammatory and reparative mucosal injury. Objective: The objective is to ascertain the quality of life of patients with oral mucositis induced by anticancer treatments prior to application of laser therapy and subsequent regression of oral lesions. Methodology: This is a Quasi-experimental Study with 18 cancer inpatient in hospital who developed oral mucositis. The instruments used were lifting sociodemographic data, the Survey of Quality of Life (UW-QOL) was applied before the sessions with low-power laser and after the regression of the lesions. Result: The data were analyzed was Student's t test and chi-square test, admitting be significant p<0.05. The results analyzed revealed the most prevalent age group 65-74 years old, Caucasian ethnicity, male, married, elementary school as the predominant school, US users and residents of other cities. The most common cancer diagnosis was acute leukemia; chemotherapy appeared as treatment at 100% and 50% radiation. The mean quality of life scores of patients found was 456.2 prior to initiation of treatment with laser therapy and 678.3 after the intervention. Conclusion: The quality of life improved after the sessions of laser therapy and it can be seen that the most significant changes occurred in areas related to pain, appearance, swallowing, chewing, speech, taste and salivation, and the low laser power an appropriate tool in the management of oral mucositis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Patients , Quality of Life , Radiotherapy , Stomatitis , Drug Therapy , Laser Therapy , Pain , Salivation , Speech , Taste , Unified Health System , Chi-Square Distribution , Surveys and Questionnaires , Deglutition , Analgesics , Mastication , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Mucous Membrane/injuriesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The objective was to describe and evaluate a model of drug dispensing developed and implemented in a community pharmacy in Brazil. This was a descriptive, observational, quasi-experimental study performed in the period between 21 January 2013 and 20 April 2013. The model was evaluated and described in terms of three parameters: structure, process and outcome. The description and assessment of each parameter was performed as follows: (I) Structure: profile of patients, pharmacist's professional profile, physical facility, informational material; (II) Process: drug-related problems, pharmaceutical interventions performed, results of pharmaceutical interventions; (III) Outcome: patient knowledge of medications. Dispensing service improved patient knowledge of medications (p < 0.05), which was associated with pharmacotherapy complexity (p < 0.05). The main problems identified were related to lack of patient knowledge regarding their medication (52.9%). Pharmaceutical interventions were mostly performed directly to the patients (86.3%) by verbal (95.4%) and written (68.2%) information, and most of the problems were completely solved (62.7%). The medicine dispensing model was able to identify and solve drug-related problems and promote an improvement in patient knowledge about medication.
RESUMO O objetivo foi descrever e avaliar um modelo de serviço de dispensação de medicamentos desenvolvido e implantado em uma Farmácia Comunitária no Brasil. Trata-se de restudo descritivo, observacional e quase-experimental, realizado no período de 21 de janeiro a 20 de abril de 2013. A descrição e avaliação do modelo foi realizada segundo os parâmetros: estrutura, processo e resultado.Os aspectos descritos e avaliados foram: 1. Estrutura: perfil dos pacientes, perfil profissiográfico dos farmacêuticos, estrutura física, material de informação; 2. Processo: problemas relacionados ao medicamento detectados, intervenções farmacêuticas realizadas, resultados das intervenções farmacêuticas; 3. Resultado: conhecimento do pacientes sobre os medicamentos utilizados. A dispensação proporcionou melhora do conhecimento do paciente sobre os medicamentos (p < 0,05), que demonstrou-se associada à complexidade da farmacoterapia (p < 0,05). Foram identificados majoritariamente problemas relacionados à falta de condições do paciente em utilizar o medicamento (52,94%). As intervenções farmacêuticas foram realizadas predominantemente junto ao paciente (86,27%) através do fornecimento de informações verbais (95,4%) e escritas (68,2%) e, em sua maioria, o problema que originou a intervenção foi totalmente resolvido (62,75%).O serviço foi capaz de identificar e resolver os problemas relacionados ao medicamento e contribuiu para a melhoria do conhecimento dos pacientes relativo aos medicamentos utilizados.