As dobras do origami: reflexões sobre a implicação em pesquisa / The origami's folds: reflections about the implication in research / Los pliegues del origami: reflexiones sobre la implicación en investigación

INTRODUÇÃO: A análise da implicação na pesquisa se opõe a uma suposta neutralidade resultante do afastamento do objeto, porque o/a pesquisador/a coloca a sua subjetividade em análise, o contexto histórico-social da pesquisa, assim como, a intersubjetividade de todos os envolvidos nela. A implicação integra o processo de construção do conhecimento na busca de maior compreensão dos fenômenos, sendo um dos conceitos fundamentais da psicossociologia. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo objetiva apresentar um relato de experiência sobre a análise da implicação em uma pesquisa clínico-qualitativa respaldada teórico-metodologicamente pela psicossociologia francesa e psicodinâmica do trabalho. Essa investigação ocorreu entre 2018 e 2022, tendo se dado parcialmente no período da pandemia da COVID-19. METODOLOGIA: Empregaram-se os seguintes dispositivos como método de análise da implicação: os diários de campo, as supervisões, as reuniões de equipe, a participação em um grupo de convivência e a psicoterapia individual. Assim, a pesquisadora procurou abordar os seus afetos e sentimentos envolvidos ao longo das etapas da pesquisa. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Foi possível, pois, evidenciar a implicação como fonte, paradoxalmente, de processos criativos e, em alguns casos, também de alienação. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da identificação de alguns destes aspectos negativos da implicação da pesquisadora, se pode ampliar o conhecimento sobre o objeto da pesquisa.

INTRODUCTION: The implication analysis is opposed to a supposed neutrality because the researcher analyzes his own subjectivity, his historical and social context, as well as the intersubjectivity of the actors involved in a research. Implication analysis is one of the fundamental concepts of psychosociology. It enables one to understand phenomena and builds knowledge. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to present an experience report about an implication analysis of a clinical-qualitative research that was based on French psychosociology and psychodynamics of work theory and methodology. This investigation happened from 2018 to 2022, partially carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: There were used the following resources to access the implication analysis: dailies, supervisions, team meetings, participation in a reflection group, and individual psychotherapy. Thus, the researcher related feelings and affections involved in each one of the research stages. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This study highlighted the implication as a source that paradoxically allows creative processes but also, in some cases, alienation. CONCLUSION: Despite some negative aspects of the implication researcher, it was possible to expand the knowledge about the research object.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El análisis de la implicación en la investigación se opone a una supuesta neutralidad resultante de la distancia del objeto porque el investigador analiza su propia subjetividad, el contexto histórico-social de la investigación, así como la intersubjetividad de todos los involucrados en la investigación. La implicación forma parte del proceso de construcción del conocimiento en la búsqueda de una mejor comprensión de los fenómenos, siendo uno de los conceptos fundamentales de la psicosociología. OBJETIVO: Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar un relato de experiencia sobre el análisis de la implicación en una investigación clínico-cualitativa sustentada teórica y metodológicamente por la psicossociologia francesa y la psicodinámica del trabajo. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo entre 2018 y 2022, habiéndose realizado parcialmente durante el período de la pandemia de COVID-19. MÉTODO: Se utilizaron como método de análisis de la implicación los siguientes dispositivos: diarios de campo, supervisiones, reuniones de equipo, participación en un grupo de convivencia y psicoterapia individual. Así, la investigadora buscó abordar sus afectos y sentimientos involucrados a lo largo de las etapas de la investigación. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Este estudio destacó la implicación como fuente, paradójicamente, de procesos creativos y, en algunos casos, alienación. CONCLUSIÓN: A pesar de la identificación de algunos de estos aspectos negativos de la implicación de la investigadora, se logró ampliar el conocimiento sobre el objeto de investigación.

Bibliotecários e os desafios da Ciência Aberta: habilidades, recursos e serviços / Librarians and the challenges of Open Science: skills, resources and services / Bibliotecarios y los desafíos de la Ciencia Abierta: habilidades, recursos y servicios

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar, na literatura científica, produtos e serviços desenvolvidos por bibliotecários vislumbrando as práticas de Ciência Aberta. A questão principal é identificar: qual o papel dos bibliotecários frente aos desafios da Ciência Aberta? Predominantemente qualitativa, esta pesquisa pode ser caracterizada como bibliográfica, exploratória e descritiva. Para atingir seu objetivo, utilizou-se a técnica de revisão rápida de literatura. Foi realizado um levantamento de publicações indexadas na Brapci, na Scopus e na Web of Science, sendo recuperadas três publicações em cada. Ao excluir um título que se repetiu, o corpus da pesquisa configurou-se com seis artigos e dois resumos apresentados em evento. Conclui-se que debates sobre o novo modus operandi de fazer ciência vêm aumentando e os bibliotecários parecem intimamente relacionados às ações de Ciência Aberta nas diversas etapas da pesquisa científica. Devido às suas habilidades e aos seus serviços, entende-se que exercem um dos papéis centrais na concretização da abertura da ciência.

This study aims to identify, in the scientific literature, products and services developed by librarians with a view to Open Science practices. The main question is to identify: what role is played by librarians facing the challenges of Open Science? Predominantly qualitative, this research can be characterized as bibliographic, exploratory, and descriptive. To achieve its objective, a rapid literature review technique was used. A survey of publications indexed in Brapci, Scopus and Web of Science was carried out, and three publications from each were retrieved. After excluding one title that was repeated, the research corpus consisted of six articles and two abstracts presented at an event. We conclude that debates about the new modus operandi of doing science have been increasing and librarians seem closely related to Open Science actions in the various stages of scientific research. Because of their skills and services, they play one of the central roles to achieve the opening of science.

Este studio tiene como objetivo identificaren la literature científica los productos y servicios desarrollados por los bibliotecarios com vistas a las prácticas de la Ciencia Abierta. La cuestión principal es identificar: ¿ cuál es el papel de los bibliotecarios ante los desafíos de la Ciencia Abierta? Predominantemente cualita-tiva, esta investigación puede caracterizar se como bibliográfica, exploratoria y descriptiva. Para lograr su objetivo, se utilizó la técnica de revision rápida de la literatura. Se realizó un estudio de las publicaciones indexadas en Brapci, Scopus y Web of Science, recuperándo se tres publicaciones en cada una de ellas. Al excluir un título repetido, el corpus de la investigación quedó configurado con seis artículos y dos resúmenes presentados en un evento. Concluimos que los debates sobre el nuevo modus operandi de hacer ciencia han aumentado y los bibliotecarios parecen estar estrechamente relacionados con las acciones de la Ciencia Abierta en las distintas etapas de la investigación científica. Por sus habilidades y servicios, se entiende que ejercen uno de los papeles centrales en la realización de la Ciencia Abierta.

Consideraciones Éticas y Académicas sobre el Uso de Inteligencia Artificial en Cursos de Metodología de la Investigación en Rehabilitación / Ethical and Academic Reflections on the Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Research Methodology Courses in Rehabilitation Science

En el cruce entre la revolución tecnológica y la educación en ciencias de la rehabilitación y del movimiento humano, la inteligencia artificial (IA) emerge como herramienta transformadora en los cursos de metodología de investigación. Este artículo destaca su potencial para optimizar la experiencia de aprendizaje y personalizar la instrucción, pero enfatiza la necesidad crucial de abordar desafíos éticos y pedagógicos. Propone orientaciones para equilibrar la innovación educativa y la responsabilidad académica, resaltando la importancia de la implementación consciente y planificada de la IA en los equipos de investigación en ciencias de la rehabilitación y del movimiento humano, garantizando así la integridad científica y ética en este campo en constante evolución.

In the intersection between technological advancements and education in rehabilitation science, artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a transformative tool in research methodology. This article navigates the ethical and academic considerations tied to the incorporation of AI in rehabilitation and movement science courses. While acknowledging its potential to enhance learning experiences, it critically addresses the imperative to tackle ethical and pedagogical challenges. The paper offers guidance to strike a balance between educational innovation and academic responsibility. It emphasizes the need for a conscientious and planned implementation of AI, ensuring both scientific integrity and ethical adherence in this dynamically evolving field.

Aspectos de la vida y obra del Dr. Bernardo Alberto Houssay / Aspects of the life and work of Dr. Bernardo Alberto Houssay

Con motivo del Día Mundial de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, se realizó en la Casa Museo Bernardo Houssay un conversatorio en el que expertos biógrafos resaltaron algunos aspectos de la trayectoria profesional del Premio Nobel de Medicina de 1947, destacando su actividad como investigador en fisiología y sus cualidades humanas. Estos importantes estudiosos del tema compartieron sus conocimientos en un selecto auditorio. (AU)

On the occasion of World Science and Technology Day, a discussion was held at the Bernardo Houssay House Museum in which expert biographers highlighted some aspects of the professional career of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Medicine, highlighting his activity as a researcher in physiology and his human qualities. These important scholars of the subject shared their knowledge in a select audience. (AU)

Práticas de enfermeiros na prevenção e rastreio do câncer de mama e de colo uterino / Practices performed by nurses in the prevention and screening of breast and cervical cancer / Prácticas de enfermería en la prevención y detección del cáncer de mama y cervicouterino

Objetivo: Identificar como ocorrem as práticas de prevenção e de rastreio do câncer de mama e de colo uterino realizadas por enfermeiros que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa e de natureza analítica e compreensiva. Realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo do tipo temática proposta por Minayo. Os colaboradores foram 58 enfermeiros atuantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que as práticas se desenvolvem em um contexto de crescente autonomia profissional e de protagonismo da Enfermagem. Aspectos como proximidade e vínculo com a comunidade, outros procedimentos e ações ofertadas nos atendimentos, incluindo a condução clínica/terapêutica, na vigência de sinais e sintomas de infecção, condizem com uma atenção mais ampla às necessidades de saúde e de cuidado às mulheres. Conclusão: O estudo evidencia a importância do respaldo de protocolos para a atuação segura das práticas dos enfermeiros da Atenção Básica, visando a prevenção e rastreio do câncer de mama e de colo uterino. Esses instrumentos devem ser de fácil acesso e constantemente atualizados a fim de garantir a padronização preconizada pelo Ministério da Saúde. (AU)

Objective: To identify how the breast and cervical cancer prevention and screening practices performed by nurses working in Primary Health Care in the state of Rio Grande do Sul occurs. Methods: This is a qualitative study with an analytical and comprehensive nature. The collaborators were 58 nurses working in Primary Health Care. Results: The results indicate that the practices are developed in a context of increasing professional autonomy and the role of Nursing. Aspects such as proximity and bonding with the community, other procedures and actions offered in the consultations, including clinical/therapeutic management in cases of signs and symptoms of infection, are consistent with a broader attention to women's health and care needs. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of supporting protocols for the safe performance of Primary Care nurses' practices, aiming at the prevention and screening of breast and cervical cancer. These documents must be easily accessible and constantly updated in order to guarantee the standardization recommended by the Ministry of Health. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar cómo las prácticas de prevención y detección del cáncer de mama y cervicouterino son realizadas por enfermeros que actúan en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo de carácter analítico y comprensivo. Los colaboradores fueron 58 enfermeros que actuaban en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Resultados: Los resultados indican que las prácticas se desarrollan en un contexto de aumento de la autonomía profesional y del papel de la Enfermería. Aspectos como la proximidad y el vínculo con la comunidad, otros procedimientos y acciones que se ofrecen en las consultas, incluido el manejo clínico/terapéutico en casos de signos y síntomas de infección, son consistentes con una atención más amplia a las necesidades de salud y cuidado de las mujeres. Conclusión: El estudio destaca la importancia de protocolos para la actuación segura de las prácticas de los enfermeros de Atención Primaria, con el objetivo de la prevención y el tamizaje del cáncer de mama y de cuello uterino. Estos instrumentos deben ser de fácil acceso y constantemente actualizados para garantizar la estandarización recomendada por el Ministerio de Salud. (AU)

A ótica do enfermeiro sob a pesquisa em enfermagem na estratégia saúde da família, no município de Maceió/AL / The nurse's perspective on nursing research in the family health strategy, in the city of Maceió/AL

Analisar como a pesquisa é vivenciada pelos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória realizada junto aos enfermeiros do município de Maceió, Alagoas. Resultado: o município consta com 86 enfermeiros na Estratégia, sendo todos do sexo feminino. Desses, 10 foram submetidos a entrevista semiestruturada onde foi possível a elaboração de cinco categorias: a pesquisa e a vivência na Estratégia, a pesquisa e a economia, a pesquisa e a família, a pesquisa e à docência e a pesquisa e o crescimento profissional. Conclui-se que o enfermeiro precisa se apropriar da pesquisa científica e utilizá-la no seu campo de trabalho, principalmente na Saúde Pública, pois grande parte das pesquisas realizadas por estes profissionais ainda estão concentradas na docência, nos cursos de especializações, mestrados e doutorados.(AU)

To analyze how research is experienced by nurses in the Family Health Strategy. Method: research with a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory approach carried out with nurses from the city of Maceio, Alagoas. Result: the municipality has 86 nurses in the Strategy, all being female. Of these, 10 were subjected to a semi-structured interview where it was possible to create five categories: research and experience in Strategy, research and economics, research and family, research and teaching and research and professional growth. It is concluded that nurses need to take ownership of scientific research and use it in your field of work, mainly in Public Health, as much of the research carried out by these professionals is still concentrated in teaching in specialization, master's and doctoral courses.(AU)

Analizar cómo es vivida la investigación por enfermeros en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Método: investigación con enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio realizada con enfermeros de la ciudad de Maceió, Alagoas. Resultado: el municipio cuenta con 86 enfermeras en la Estrategia, todas mujeres. De ellos, 10 fueron sometidos a una entrevista semiestructurada donde fue posible crear cinco categorías: investigación y experiencia en Estrategia, investigación y economía, investigación y familia, investigación y docencia e investigación y crecimiento profesional. Se concluye que el enfermero necesita apropiarse de la investigación científica y utilizarla en su campo de trabajo, especialmente en Salud Pública, pues gran parte de la investigación realizada por estos profesionales aún se concentra en la docencia, cursos de especialización, maestrías y doctorados.(AU)

Acompañar una doble hospitalización en pandemia: la experiencia de padres con bebés hospitalizados mientras las madres se encuentran hospitalizadas por COVID-19 / Supporting a double hospitalization during the pandemic: The experience of fathers whose infants were hospitalized while their mothers were also hospitalized due to COVID-19

Introducción. La hospitalización de un hijo en la unidad de pacientes críticos neonatal puede ser altamente estresante para padres y madres, lo cual se intensificó en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. A la fecha, no se han encontrado estudios que describan la experiencia de padres que vivieron la doble hospitalización simultánea de su pareja y de su hijo/a al nacer, durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivos. Explorar la vivencia de los padres de tener a sus hijos/as hospitalizados en Neonatología mientras su pareja se encontraba hospitalizada por agravamiento de COVID-19. Población y método. Cuatro entrevistas semiestructuradas fueron realizadas y analizadas mediante un análisis interpretativo fenomenológico. Resultados. Se identificaron cuatro momentos cuando surgieron emociones específicas: a) inicio del contagio, b) hospitalización de la pareja, c) nacimiento del bebé y d) hospitalización del bebé. Culpa, miedo, angustia de muerte, soledad e incertidumbre aparecen muy tempranamente y luego se combinan con emociones como felicidad y empoderamiento, entre otras. La falta de contacto físico con sus parejas e hijos, y las fallas en la comunicación con los equipos de salud se destacan como factores que obstaculizan el ejercicio del rol paternal, mientras que una comunicación fluida con el equipo y una participación activa en los cuidados del bebé son factores protectores. Los padres cumplen una multiplicidad de roles, en la que prima el rol protector. Conclusiones. La comunicación y la atención centrada en la familia, y la participación activa en los cuidados de los bebés tienen el potencial de proteger contra el impacto de esta experiencia compleja de doble hospitalización.

Introduction. The hospitalization of a baby in the neonatal intensive care unit may be highly stressful for both mothers and fathers, and this was even more intense in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.To date, no studies have been found that describe the experience of fathers who underwent the simultaneous hospitalization of their partner and newborn infant during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives. To explore the experience of fathers who had their babies hospitalized in the Neonatal Unit while their partner were hospitalized due to worsening of COVID-19. Population and method. Four semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results. Four moments were identified when specific emotions arose: a) onset of infection, b) partner hospitalization, c) baby birth, and d) baby hospitalization. Guilt, fear, death anxiety, loneliness, and uncertainty appear very early and are later combined with emotions such as happiness and empowerment, among others. The lack of physical contact with their partners and babies and failures in communication with the health care team stand out as factors that hinder the exercise of the paternal role, while an effective communication with the health care team and active participation in the baby's care are protective factors. Fathers fulfill multiple roles, the most important of which is their role as protectors. Conclusions. Family-centered communication and care and active involvement in baby care may potentially protect against the impact of this complex experience of double hospitalization.

Latin American Forensic Odontology: A Scoping Review of its Current Research and the Objective/Subjective Nature of its Studies

SUMMARY: The new paradigm in Forensic Sciences initiated by the entry of genetics (the current standard of legal evidence) and accentuated by recognized wrongful convictions derived from experts today in the eye of criticism, has highlighted the potential for bias and error in forensic disciplines when they depend on human interpretation and subjectivity, which has not been avoided by Forensic Odontology (FO). However, a subjective judgment is not necessarily wrong, so the refinement of processes, the development of standards, and robust research can contribute to the validity of interpretation to increase objectivity. Latin America (LATAM) has its own realities and needs, which have conditioned the priorities and objectives of FO research. A scoping review is presented to systematically map the investigation of LATAM researchers and identify the objective or subjective nature of their assessments. LATAM shows interesting productivity and intentions to adhere to international standards, with Brazil leading this research significantly, followed by Chile and Colombia, among others. However, there is a disproportionate approach in certain lines of research (dental age estimation), and needs to address other quantitative studies, and to improve the visibility of the LATAM FO research.

El nuevo paradigma en ciencias forenses iniciado por la entrada de la genética (el actual estándar de la evidencia jurídica), y acentuado por reconocidas condenas injustas derivadas de pericias hoy en el ojo de la crítica, ha destacado el potencial de sesgo y error que poseen algunas disciplinas forenses cuando dependen de la interpretación humana y la subjetividad, lo cual no ha sido ajeno a la odontología forense (OF). Sin embargo, un juicio subjetivo no necesariamente es erróneo, con lo que el refinamiento de procesos, el desarrollo de estándares y la investigación robusta pueden contribuir a validar esa interpretación para aumentar su objetividad. Latinoamérica (LATAM) posee realidades y necesidades propias que han condicionado las prioridades y objetivos de la investigación en OF. Se presenta una revisión con búsqueda sistemática para mapear sistemáticamente la investigación en OF realizada por investigadores latinoamericanos, así como identificar la naturaleza objetiva o subjetiva de sus evaluaciones. LATAM demuestra una productividad interesante e intenciones de adherirse a estándares internacionales, con Brasil liderando significativamente esta investigación, seguido por Chile y Colombia entre otros. Sin embargo, se observa un enfoque desproporcionado en ciertas líneas de investigación (estimación de edad dental particularmente), y necesidad tanto de abordar otros estudios cuantitativos como de mejorar la visibilidad de la investigación latinoamericana en OF.

Exploring the innovative talents training mode in new era / 生物工程学报

Innovation is an important way to promote economic development and social progress. Recent years have seen rapid development of biological sciences. In response to social demands and the needs for developing an innovative country, fostering innovative talents in the field of biosciences has become a significant initiative supported by national policies and the needs from talent market. Taking the innovative talent training mode implemented by Zhejiang Normal University in the field of biological sciences as an example, this paper comprehensively introduces several key aspects of the mode. This includes establishing a mentorship system as the foundation, carrying out curriculum reform through project competitions and practical platforms, and promoting synergy among industry, academia, and research in talent training. This training mode has achieved positive results in practice, promoting the training of outstanding innovative talents in biological science majors, and may facilitate the reform of talent training in similar majors.

Perspective of Calcium Imaging Technology Applied to Acupuncture Research / 中国结合医学杂志

Acupuncture, a therapeutic treatment defined as the insertion of needles into the body at specific points (ie, acupoints), has growing in popularity world-wide to treat various diseases effectively, especially acute and chronic pain. In parallel, interest in the physiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture analgesia, particularly the neural mechanisms have been increasing. Over the past decades, our understanding of how the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system process signals induced by acupuncture has developed rapidly by using electrophysiological methods. However, with the development of neuroscience, electrophysiology is being challenged by calcium imaging in view field, neuron population and visualization in vivo. Owing to the outstanding spatial resolution, the novel imaging approaches provide opportunities to enrich our knowledge about the neurophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia at subcellular, cellular, and circuit levels in combination with new labeling, genetic and circuit tracing techniques. Therefore, this review will introduce the principle and the method of calcium imaging applied to acupuncture research. We will also review the current findings in pain research using calcium imaging from in vitro to in vivo experiments and discuss the potential methodological considerations in studying acupuncture analgesia.

Kinase modulators approved by FDA in 2022 / 药学学报

The FDA approved a total of 37 new drugs in 2022, including 22 new molecular entities and 15 new biological products. This is the year with the lowest number of new drugs approved by the FDA since 2017. Among these approved drugs, 21 new drugs belong to the "first-in-class" category, accounting for 56% of the total approved drugs, which is the highest ratio in the past 10 years. Among the drugs approved in 2022, there are 5 small molecule kinase modulators, including the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) allosteric inhibitor deucravacitinib, the first oral pyruvate kinase (PK) activator mitapivat, the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) selective inhibitor abcrocitinib, the JAK2 selective inhibitor pacritinib and the broad-spectrum fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor futibatinib. This review briefly describes the discovery background, research and development process, synthesis routes and clinical efficacy and safety of small molecule kinase modulators approved by the FDA in 2022, hoping to provide ideas and methods for further research on kinase modulators.

Pathogenesis of Airway Mucus Hypersecretion in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is one of the most common chronic diseases of the respiratory system in the clinic. The disease has a long course and is difficult to cure， which seriously threatens human health. Airway mucus hypersecretion （AMH） is an independent risk factor for COPD and has a significant impact on the development and prognosis of the disease. The review finds that the abnormal proliferation of goblet cells and the excessive secretion of mucin are the direct causes of AMH. The pathogenesis of AMH may be closely related to the inhalation of heterogeneous particles， airway inflammation， the imbalance of mucin/water salt ratio， and the regulation of related signaling pathways. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） believes that AMH of COPD belongs to the category of lung distension with phlegm-fluid retention syndrome， and the disease is mainly treated from phlegm on the basis of lung distension. This article summarizes the relevant research in the field of TCM in recent years and finds that the single TCM that effectively intervened AMH of COPD is mainly phlegm-resolving TCM， and the main active ingredients of TCM are flavonoids， terpenoids， phenols， and alkaloids. The main TCM compounds are mainly designed to remove heat-phlegm， warmly resolve cold-phlegm， dry dampness to eliminate phlegm， invigorate Qi， promote blood circulation and dispel phlegm， and invigorate lung， spleen， and kidney. Its mechanism of action may be direct inhibition or indirect inhibition of airway epithelial goblet cell metaplasia and mucin expression by inhibiting airway inflammation， regulating aquaporins to correct the imbalance of mucin/water salt ratio， and regulating signaling pathways， so as to reduce mucus oversecretion in COPD. However， there are still some problems. For example， the research mainly focuses on TCM compounds instead of the single TCM or its effective components. The research on the mechanism of action is not thorough enough， and the research results are not interoperable. The clinical transformation rate of basic research is insufficient. This article systematically reviews the research status of AMH in the treatment of COPD with TCM and puts forward some thoughts on the existing problems， so as to provide a reference for clinical rational medication and in-depth research.

Research Progress on Dual Role of Autophagy in Cancer and Intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

With the change in environmental pollution and lifestyle， the incidence and mortality of cancer are increasing year by year， which is a serious threat to human life and health. Autophagy is a process in which eukaryotic cells use lysosomes to degrade cytoplasmic proteins and damaged organelles under the regulation of autophagy-related genes. It plays a dynamic inhibiting or promoting role in the occurrence and development of cancer and is involved in the regulation of tumor formation， proliferation， metastasis， and response to anticancer therapy. With the deepening of the research on the mechanism of cancer， a variety of cancer treatment methods have been established， such as chemotherapy， radiotherapy， surgery， immunotherapy， and gene therapy. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of autophagy has been shown to enhance the lethal effect of various anticancer treatments on tumor cells， suggesting that inhibition of autophagy is an effective sensitization strategy in cancer therapy. Meanwhile， over-stimulation of autophagy may also provide a new method for the treatment of drug-resistant cancer cells with high apoptotic thresholds. As a treasure of Chinese culture， traditional Chinese medicine plays an important role in the adjuvant treatment of cancer with its advantages of multi-target， multi-pathway， and small side effects. In recent years， many positive results have been achieved in the study of natural autophagy regulatory factors of traditional Chinese medicine in cancer， and they have been widely verified in different autophagy regulatory models. This article outlines the mechanism of autophagy， summarizes the dual regulatory role of autophagy in tumor biology， and collects relevant studies published in the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI） and Wanfang Data for nearly 10 years that affect the role of tumorigenesis and development by regulating autophagy. The article also collates autophagy rules of tumor cells induced by traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients， so as to provide a certain reference for the research on the development and application of anti-tumor drugs.

Herbal Textual Research on Tsaoko Fructus in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the origin， scientific name， medicinal parts， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing and other aspects of Tsaoko Fructus by consulting ancient materia medica， medical books， prescription books in the past dynasties and combining with the modern literature， so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing Tsaoko Fructus. According to the research， the name of Caoguo（草果） was first used in the Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang（《太平惠民和剂局方》） in the Northern Song dynasty， Tsaoko Fructus is the correct name of the herbal medicine in all dynasties， and there are also aliases such as Caokou， Doukou， Loukou， Laokou and Caodoukou. The mainstream source of Tsaoko Fructus used in the past dynasties is the dried mature fruit of Amomum tsaoko of Zingiberaceae， but Tsaoko Fructus was often used as a nickname for Amomi Fructus Rotundus or Alpiniae Katsumadai Semen during the Song dynasty. Bencao Pinhui Jingyao（《本草品汇精要》） in the Ming dynasty was the earliest materia medica that recorded Tsaoko Fructus as a separate medicinal herb in sections. Under the influence of early ancient books， there were some books that confused Tsaoko Fructus with other Zingiberaceae plants during the Qing dynasty， it was not until modern times that Tsaoko Fructus was distinguished from other plants. The origin of Tsaoko Fructus is Yunnan and Guangxi， and then gradually expanded to Guizhou and other places. Now Yunnan is the province with the largest planting area of Tsaoko Fructus， and has become the main producing area. Since modern times， it has been recorded in the literature that the quality of Tsaoko Fructus is mainly characterized by large， full， red-brown and strong in smell. According to ancient records， the harvest time of Tsaoko Fructus was in the eighth month of the lunar calendar， and they were mostly used for peeling or simmering. Currently， the harvest period of Tsaoko Fructus is October to November， and then sun-dried or dried after harvesting. The records of the properties and functional indications of Tsaoko Fructus are basically consistent with the ancient and modern documents， which is warm in nature， pungent in flavor， belonging to the spleen and stomach meridians， moderate in dryness and dampness， intercepting malaria and eliminating phlegm， used for internal resistance of cold and dampness， abdominal distension and pain， fullness and vomiting， malaria cold and fever， and plague fever. Based on the research results， it is suggested that A. tsaoko should be used as the medicinal base for the development of famous classical formulas containing Tsaoko Fructus， processing method can be according to the requirements of the prescription， and if the requirements of concoction are not indicated， it can be used in the form of raw products.

Herbal Textual Research on Bletillae Rhizoma in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In order to provide basic information for the utilization and development of famous classical formulas containing Bletillae Rhizoma， this article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， harvesting and processing of Bletillae Rhizoma by reviewing the ancient materia medica， prescription books， medical books and modern literature. The research results showed that Baiji（白及） was the main name， some scholars took Baiji（白芨） as its main name， and there were many other names such as Baiji（白给）， Baigen（白根）， Baiji（白苙）. The mainstream source of Bletillae Rhizoma was the tubers of Bletilla striata， and drying， large， white， solid， root-free and skin removed completely were the good quality standards. With the promotion of wild to cultivated medicinal materials， there were certain differences between their traits， and the quality evaluation indexes should be adjusted accordingly. The origin of records in the past dynasties was widely distributed， with Guizhou and Sichuan having high production and good quality in modern times. The harvesting period is mostly in spring and autumn， and harvested in autumn was better. The processing and processing technology is relatively simple， and it was used fresh or powdered in past dynasties， while it is mainly sliced for raw use in modern times. Based on the results， it is suggested that the tubers of Bletilla striata of Orchidaceae should be used in the famous classical formulas， and it should be uniformly written as Baiji（白及）. And if the original formula indicates the requirement of processing， it should be operated according to the requirement， if the requirement of processing is not indicated， it can be used in raw form as medicine.

Herbal Textual Research on Farfarae Flos in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By consulting ancient and modern literature， the herbal textual research of Farfarae Flos has been conducted to verify the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing methods， so as to provide reference for the development and utilization of the famous classical formulas containing Farfarae Flos. According to the research， the results showed that Farfarae Flos was first described as a medicinal material by the name of Kuandonghua in Shennong Bencaojing（《神农本草经》）， and the name was used and justified by later generations. The main origin was the folwer buds of Tussilago farfara， in addition， the flower buds of Petasites japonicus were used as medicine in ancient times. The ancient harvesting time of Farfarae Flos was mostly in the twelfth month of the lunar calendar， and the modern harvesting time is in December or before the ground freeze when the flower buds have not been excavated. Hebei， Gansu， Shaanxi are the authentic producing areas with the good quality products. Since modern times， its quality is summarized as big， fat， purple-red color， no pedicel is better. Processing method from soaking with licorice water in the Northern and Southern dynasties to stir-frying with honey water followed by micro-fire in the Ming dynasty， and gradually evolved to the modern mainstream processing method of honey processing. Based on the research results， it is suggested that the dried flower buds of T. farfara， a Compositae plant， should be selected for the development of famous classical formulas containing Farfarae Flos， and the corresponding processed products should be selected according to the specific processing requirements of the formulas， and raw products are recommended for medicinal use without indicating processing requirements.

Herbal Textual Research on Olibanum in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By consulting the ancient and moderm literature， this paper makes a textual research on the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing of Olibanum， so as to provide a basis for the development of the famous classical formulas containing this medicinal material. According to the herbal textual research， the results showed that Olibanum was first described as a medicinal material by the name of Xunluxiang in Mingyi Bielu（《名医别录》）， until Ruxiang had been used as the correct name since Bencao Shiyi（《本草拾遗》） in Tang dynasty. The main origin was Boswellia carterii from Burseraceae family. The mainly producing areas in ancient description were ancient India and Arabia， while the modern producing areas are Somalia， Ethiopia and the southern Arabian Peninsula. The medicinal part of Olibanum in ancient and modern times is the resin exuded from the bark， which has been mainly harvested in spring and summer. It is concluded that the better Olibanum has light yellow， granular， translucent， no impurities such as sand and bark， sticky powder and aromatic smell. There were many processing methods in ancient times， including cleansing（water flying， removing impurities）， grinding（wine grinding， rush grinding）， frying（stir-frying， rush frying， wine frying）， degreasing， vinegar processing， decoction. In modern times， the main processing methods are simplified to cleansing， stir-frying and vinegar processing. Nowadays， the commonly used specifications include raw， fried and vinegar-processed products. Among the three specifications， raw products is the Olibanum after cleansing， fried products is a kind of Olibanum processed by frying method， vinegar-processed products is the processed products of pure frankincense mixed with vinegar. Based on the research results， it is recommended to select the resin exuded from the bark of B. carterii for the famous classical formulas such as Juanbitang containing Olibanum， processing method should be carried out in accordance with the processing requirements of the formulas， otherwise used the raw products if the formulas without clear processing requirements.