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1.
Rev. cient. odontol ; 7(2): 108-118, jul.-dic. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1046735

ABSTRACT

El quiste dentígero, incluido dentro de la clasificación de los quistes odontogénicos por la OMS en el 2017, constituye una patología relevante en el área buco maxilofacial. Si bien su crecimiento es lento y asintomático, cuando alcanza grandes dimensiones, tiene capacidad para provocar destrucción ósea en los maxilares, lo que ocasiona alteraciones estéticas y funcionales. Además, presenta una alta prevalencia, con el quiste odontogénico como el más común, después del quiste radicular inflamatorio. La radiología representa una herramienta fundamental en su diagnóstico y muchas veces su detección constituye un hallazgo radiográfico. Normalmente, se emplean técnicas en 2D como la radiografía periapical, panorámica y oclusal, las cuales cumplen un rol muy importante en su detección y diagnóstico. No obstante, debe considerarse que la similitud del quiste dentígero con otros procesos patológicos, tanto a nivel clínico como radiográfico, muchas veces lleva a un diagnóstico y tratamiento inadecuado. Con este trabajo se pretende evidenciar si el advenimiento de nuevas tecnologías como la resonancia magnética y la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico permiten mejorar la posibilidad del diagnóstico del quiste dentígero y distinguirlo de otras lesiones o patologías con las cuales se realiza el diagnóstico diferencial. (AU)


The dentigerous cyst, included in the classification of odontogenic cysts according to the WHO year 2017, constitutes a relevant pathology in the maxillofacial buccal area. Although its growth is slow and asymptomatic, when it reaches large dimensions it has the capacity to cause bone destruction in the jaws, causing aesthetic and functional alterations. In addition, it has a high prevalence, being the most common odontogenic cyst, after the inflammatory root cyst. Radiology represents a fundamental tool in its diagnosis and often its detection constitutes a radiographic finding. Normally 2D techniques such as periapical, panoramic and occlusal radiography are used, which play a very important role in their detection and diagnosis. However, it should be considered that the similarity of the dentigerous cyst with other pathological processes, both clinically and radiographically, often leads to inadequate diagnosis and treatment. This work is intended to show whether the advent of new technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging and conical beam computed tomography, allow to improve the possibility of diagnosis of the dentigerous cyst and distinguish it from other lesions or pathologies with which a differential diagnosis is made. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Dentigerous Cyst/diagnostic imaging , Odontogenic Cysts , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Diagnosis, Differential
2.
Radiol. bras ; 50(3): 176-181, May-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896079

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting periosteal reactions and to compare MRI and conventional radiography (CR) in terms of the classification of periosteal reactions. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of 42 consecutive patients (mean age, 22 years; 20 men) with a confirmed diagnosis of osteosarcoma or Ewing's sarcoma, MRI and CR images having been acquired pretreatment. Three blinded radiologists detected periosteal reactions and evaluated each periosteal reaction subtype in CR and MRI images: Codman's triangle; laminated; and spiculated. The CR was used as a benchmark to calculate the diagnostic performance. We used the kappa coefficient to assess interobserver reproducibility. A two-tailed Fisher's exact test was used in order to assess contingency between CR and MRI classifications. Results: In the detection of periosteal reactions, MRI showed high specificity, a high negative predictive value, and low-to-moderate sensitivity. For CR and for MRI, the interobserver agreement for periosteal reaction was almost perfect, whereas, for the classification of different subtypes of periosteal reaction, it was higher for the Codman's triangle subtype and lower for the spiculated subtype. There was no significant difference between MRI and CR in terms of the classifications (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We found no difference between MRI and CR in terms of their ability to classify periosteal reactions. MRI showed high specificity and almost perfect interobserver agreement for the detection of periosteal reactions. The interobserver agreement was variable for the different subtypes of periosteal reaction.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho da ressonância magnética (RM) na detecção de reação periosteal e comparar a classificação de presença ou ausência de reações periosteais entre a RM e a radiografia convencional (RC). Materiais e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo incluindo 42 pacientes consecutivos (idade média, 22 anos; 20 homens) com diagnóstico confirmado de osteossarcoma ou sarcoma de Ewing, tendo exames de RM e RC adquiridos pré-tratamento. Três radiologistas avaliaram às cegas a presença ou ausência de reação periosteal e de cada subtipo de reação periosteal nas imagens de RC e RM: triângulo de Codman, multilamelada e espiculada. A RC foi usada como padrão de referência para cálculo do desempenho diagnóstico. Foi utilizado o coeficiente kappa para reprodutibilidade interobservador. Adicionalmente, foi realizado teste exato de Fisher bicaudal para avaliar se houve diferença significativa entre as leituras da RC e RM. Resultados: A RM mostrou alta especificidade, alto valor preditivo negativo e baixa sensibilidade na detecção de reação periosteal. A concordância interobservador para a reação periosteal foi quase perfeita para a RC e RM. A concordância interobservador para a classificação dos diferentes subtipos de reação periosteal foi maior para o subtipo triângulo de Codman e menor para o subtipo espiculada. Não houve diferença na detecção por RM e RC (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Não houve diferença significativa entre as classificações da presença ou ausência de reações periosteais entre os métodos RC e RM. A RM apresentou alta especificidade e concordância interobservador quase perfeita para a detecção de reação periosteal. A concordância interobservador para os diferentes subtipos de reação periosteal foi variável.

3.
Rev. odontol. mex ; 19(2): 89-95, abr.-jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-748835

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La implementación de modelos animales para el estudio de los tejidos dentales y periodontales de dientes articulados en sus alvéolos sometidos a altas temperaturas permite el establecimiento de parámetros repetitivos que contribuyen con los procesos de identificación. Objetivo: Describir los cambios radiográficos de los tejidos dentales y periodontales de cerdo (Sus domesticus) sometidos a altas temperaturas. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de naturaleza pseudo-experimental in vitro para observar los cambios radiográficos de los tejidos dentales y periodontales en 60 dientes de cerdo doméstico sometidos a altas temperaturas (200, 400, 600, 800 y 1,000 ºC). Resultados: Los tejidos dentales y periodontales estudiados presentan gran resistencia a las altas temperaturas sin variar considerablemente su microestructura, de tal manera que los cambios físicos (estabilidad dimensional, fisuras, grietas y fracturas) que ocurren en la medida que aumenta la temperatura pueden describirse a través de radiografía convencional. Conclusiones: El análisis radiográfico de los dientes articulados en sus respectivos alvéolos se constituye en un mecanismo para determinar la temperatura a la cual estuvo sometido un diente, lo que puede ser empleado durante el proceso de identificación odontológica y documentación de la necropsia médico-legal para el caso de cadáveres o restos humanos quemados, carbonizados e incinerados. El cerdo doméstico (Sus domesticus) se constituye en un modelo animal experimental adecuado para estudiar dichos cambios; sin embargo, se recomienda realizar un estudio en dientes humanos articulados en su respectiva unidad alveolar, para determinar si los hallazgos radiográficos descritos se repiten y son extrapolables.


Introduction: The implementation of animal models for the study of periodontal and dental tissues of teeth articulated into their sockets and subjected to high temperatures allows the establishment of repetitive parameters which might contribute to identification processes. Aim: To describe radiographic changes of pig's (Sus domesticus) periodontal and dental tissues subjected to high temperatures. Material and methods: An in vitro pseudo-experimental, descriptive and observational study was undertaken in order to assess radiological changes of periodontal and dental tissues of 60 domestic pig's teeth which had been subjected to high temperatures (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 ºC). Results: The dental and periodontal tissues subject of this research article presented strong resistance to high temperatures without considerable variation of their micro-structure. Thus, physical changes (dimensional stability, fissures, cracks and fractures) which took place as temperature increased, could be described using a conventional X-ray. Conclusions: Radiographic examination of teeth articulated in their sockets can be established as a mechanism to determine the temperature at which the tooth was subjected. This could be used in processes of dental identification and medical-legal autopsy documentation in cases of burned, carbonized or incinerated human remains. Domestic pigs (Sus domesticus) can be regarded as a suitable experimental animal models to study the aforementioned changes. Nevertheless, a study involving human teeth articulated in their own socket is recommended in order to determine whether the radiographic findings herein described are replicated and can be extrapolated.

4.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Univ. Antioq ; 26(2): 314-335, ene.-jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-735125

ABSTRACT

Introducción: durante el proceso de identificación forense de cadáveres y restos humanos quemados, carbonizados o incinerados, el análisis de los materiales empleados en los diferentes tratamientos odontológicos se constituye en un marcador fehaciente para lograr una identificación positiva. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir los cambios radiográficos de postes de titanio y de fibra de vidrio cementados, en premolares humanos sometidos a altas temperaturas con fines forenses. Métodos: estudio pseudo-experimental in vitro que observó los cambios radiográficos de los tejidos dentales (esmalte, dentina y cemento), de los materiales de uso endodóncico gutapercha (Wave One® de Dentsply Maillefer®), material de obturación (Top Seal® de Dentsply Maillefer®), material de cementación de los postes (Relyx TM ARC de 3M ESPE®) y de los postes de titanio (Tenax® Endodontic Post System de Coltene®) y fibra de vidrio (Tenax® Fiber Trans de Coltene®) en 30 dientes humanos, sometidos a cinco rangos de temperatura 200, 400, 600, 800 y 1000ºC. Resultados: los tejidos y los materiales dentales estudiados presentan gran resistencia a las altas temperaturas, sin variar considerablemente su macro-estructura (fisuras, grietas, fracturas y fragmentación), de tal manera que los cambios físicos pueden identificarse a través de radiografía convencional, y asociarse a cada rango de temperatura específico. Conclusiones: los postes cementados en premolares humanos presentan gran resistencia a la acción de altas temperaturas, razón por la cual pueden ser visualizados a través de radiografía convencional, contribuyendo con el proceso de identificación y documentación de la necropsia médico-legal de un cadáver o restos humanos que hayan resultado quemados, incinerados o carbonizados


IIntroduction: during the process of forensic identification of corpses and burnt, carbonized, or incinerated human remains, the analysis of materials used in dental treatments is a reliable marker for accurate identification. The objective of this study was to describe the radiographic changes of titanium and fiberglass posts cemented in human premolars subjected to high temperatures for forensic purposes. Methods: this was a pseudo-experimental in vitro study to observe the radiographic changes of dental tissues (enamel, dentin, and cement) and the following endodontic materials: gutta-percha (Wave One® by Dentsply Maillefer®), obturation material (Top Seal® by Dentsply Maillefer®), post cementation material (Relyx TM ARC by 3M ESPE®), titanium posts (Tenax® Endodontic Post System by Coltene®), and fiberglass posts (Tenax® Fiber Trans by Coltene®) in 30 human teeth subject to five temperature ranges: 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000° C. Results: the studied dental tissues and materials are highly resistant to high temperatures without significantly changing their macrostructure (fissures, cracks, fractures, and fragmentation), in such a way that the physical changes can be identified through conventional radiography and associated with each specific temperature range. Conclusions: posts cemented in human premolars have great resistance to the action of high temperatures, so they can be observed through conventional radiography thus contributing to the process of identification and documentation of the medico-legal autopsy of a corpse or human remains that have been burned, incinerated, or carbonized


Subject(s)
Forensic Dentistry , Victims Identification
5.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 52(5): 761-766, set.-out. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-653728

ABSTRACT

O diagnóstico precoce da artrite reumatoide é essencial para o manejo adequado da condição. Atualmente, considera-se que a fase inicial da doença constitui uma janela de oportunidade terapêutica para a artrite reumatoide. Embora o diagnóstico seja primordialmente clínico, o desenvolvimento e o aprimoramento de métodos laboratoriais e de imagem têm contribuído para o diagnóstico mais precoce e a determinação da conduta na artrite reumatoide inicial. Neste artigo os autores revisam o papel dos principais métodos de imagem utilizados para a avaliação da artrite reumatoide inicial, notadamente a radiologia convencional, a ultrassonografia e a ressonância magnética.


Early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is essential for its proper management. Currently, the initial phase of rheumatoid arthritis is known to provide a window of therapeutic opportunity. Although the diagnosis is primarily clinical, the development and improvement of laboratory and imaging methods have contributed to earlier diagnosis and determination of procedures in early rheumatoid arthritis. In this article, the authors review the role of the major imaging methods used for assessing early rheumatoid arthritis, especially conventional radiography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Early Diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
6.
Rev. dent. press ortodon. ortopedi. facial ; 14(3): 60-68, maio-jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-512306

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: avaliar, por meio do traçado cefalométrico e medidas cefalométricas, a dificuldade na localização das estruturas e dos pontos, tanto na radiografia convencional quanto na digital. METODOLOGIA: a amostra constituiu-se de 30 telerradiografias em norma lateral, sendo 15 convencionais e 15 digitais. Essas radiografias foram obtidas de 15 indivíduos brasileiros, adultos, sendo que de cada paciente obteve-se uma radiografia convencional e uma digital. RESULTADOS: com base nos dados obtidos, observou-se que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quando comparados os dois métodos de estudo. CONCLUSÕES: sendo assim, concluiu-se que, independentemente do método aplicado, o indivíduo que realiza o traçado, seja manual ou por meio de programas de computador, tanto na radiografia convencional quanto na digital, deve estar treinado e calibrado para a execução do mesmo.


AIM: This study aimed to evaluate, by cephalometric tracing and measurements, the difficulty in the localization of structures and points on both conventional and digital lateral cephalograms. METHODS: The sample comprised 30 lateral cephalograms, being 15 conventional and 15 digital. These radiographs were taken from 15 Brazilian adult subjects, with achievement of one conventional and one digital cephalogram for each subject. RESULTS: The obtained data revealed no statistically significant difference between the two study methods. CONCLUSION: Thus, it was concluded that, regardless of the utilized method, the professional performing the cephalometric tracing, either manually or with a computer software, should be well trained and calibrated for that.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Cephalometry , Radiography, Dental/history , Radiography, Dental/trends , Radiography, Dental , Evaluation Studies as Topic
7.
Rev. imagem ; 30(2): 51-60, abr.-jun. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-542285

ABSTRACT

O abdome agudo obstrutivo é uma doença comum, cujo manejo seguro e efetivo depende do diagnóstico rápido e preciso. A radiografia simples permanece a primeira escolha dentre os exames de imagem, por possuir fácil acesso, baixo custo e poder ser realizada seriada conforme a evoluçãoclínica do paciente. A ultra-sonografia não possui radiação ionizante, é um exame dinâmico e em tempo real. A tomografia computadorizada fornece informações adicionais não aparentes nas radiografias, como confirmação da obstrução, grau e local de uma oclusão, presença de isquemia e causas de obstrução. A ressonância magnética tem apresentado grandes avanços tecnológicos e, futuramente, pode ser uma opção viável. O objetivo deste ensaio pictórico é revisar os diferentes métodos de imagem usados no diagnóstico de abdome agudo obstrutivo.


The obstructive acute abdomen is a common presentation, for which safe and effective management depends on a fast and accurate diagnosis. Conventional radiograph remains the first choice among the imaging exams because of its availability, low cost andthe possibility to be done serially to follow the patient's clinical progression. The ultrasonography does not require ionizing radiation. It is a dynamic and in realtime exam. Computed tomographyis used increasingly due to the provision of essential diagnostic information not apparent from radiographs, such as the confirmation of the obstruction, degree and place of the occlusion, presenceof ischemia as well as the causes of the obstruction. Magnetic resonance imaging has presented great technological advances and it may play a role in the future of obstructive acute abdomen diagnosis. The objective of this pictorial essay is to review the different imaging techniques used on diagnosing obstructive acute abdomen.


Subject(s)
Humans , Abdomen, Acute , Abdomen, Acute , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Intestinal Obstruction , Intestinal Obstruction , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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