Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 54
Filter
1.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 75(5)oct. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1530068

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El neumotórax oculto (NTXO) se encuentra hasta en el 15% de los traumatismos torácicos. Existen antecedentes del manejo conservador de esta patología (sólo observación), aunque su práctica continúa siendo discutida, especialmente, en traumatismos penetrantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir nuestra experiencia en el manejo conservador del NTXO. Materiales y Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo realizado durante un período de 3 años en un Hospital de Trauma nivel I. Se incluyeron pacientes con traumatismo torácico (cerrado o penetrante) con NTXO. Se dividieron en dos grupos (conservados o drenados), realizándose una comparación de su evolución. Resultados: En 3 años fueron admitidos con traumatismo torácico 679 pacientes. De 93 pacientes con NTXO, 74 (80%) fueron conservados inicialmente y 19 (20%) tratados con drenaje pleural. Dos (3%) presentaron progresión del neumotórax en el seguimiento radiológico (conservación fallida). No se registraron complicaciones relacionadas con la ausencia de drenaje pleural. Las complicaciones y estancia hospitalaria fueron menores en el grupo de manejo conservador. Conclusión: Pacientes con NTXO por traumatismo de tórax (cerrado o penetrante), sin requerimiento de ventilación asistida y hemodinámicamente estables, pueden manejarse de manera conservadora con un monitoreo cercano durante 24 horas en forma segura, con menor tasa de complicaciones y de estancia hospitalaria.


Background: Occult pneumothorax (OPTX) is found in up to 15% of chest injuries. There is a history of conservative management of this pathology (only observation), although its practice continues to be discussed, especially in penetrating trauma. The objective of this paper is to describe our experience in the conservative management of OPTX. Materials and Method: Retrospective cohort study conducted over a 3-year period at a level I Trauma Center. Patients with thoracic trauma (blunt or penetrating) with OPTX were included. They were divided into two groups (preserved or drained) comparing their evolution. Results: Over a 3-year period 679 patients were admitted with chest trauma. From 93 patients with OPTX, 74 (80%) were initially preserved and 19 (20%) drained. Two patients (3%) presented pneumothorax progression in the follow-up imaging. There were no complications related to the absence of pleural drainage. Complications and hospital stay were lower in the conservative management group. Conclusion: Patients with OPTX due to chest trauma (blunt or penetrating), without requiring assisted ventilation and hemodynamically stable, can be safely conservative managed with close monitoring for 24 hours, with a lower rate of complications and hospital stay.

2.
Acta Paul. Enferm. (Online) ; 36: eAPE00662, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1439045

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Sumarizar as evidências científicas sobre os marcos anatômicos, na radiografia, utilizados para avaliar a ponta distal do cateter central de inserção periférica em recém-nascidos. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Web of Science, National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE) e Scopus, entre os anos de 2017 e 2021. Resultados Dos 263 documentos encontrados nas bases, 13 preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade e foram selecionados para análise. Destes, 12 eram estudos observacionais e um experimental. Quanto ao país de origem, apenas um estudo foi publicado no Brasil, cinco na China, dois nos Estados Unidos da América e um estudo na Itália, Alemanha, Canadá, Irã e Índia. As evidências encontradas demonstraram a existência de sete marcos anatômicos utilizados na radiografia para visualização da ponta do cateter percutâneo em neonatos, sendo a unidade vertebral o referencial norteador predominante. Conclusão Para cateteres inseridos em membros superiores, os marcos anatômicos que mais se aproximam da junção cavo-atrial são a quinta e sétima vértebra torácica, ou duas unidades vertebrais abaixo da carina. Para os membros inferiores, o posicionamento da ponta do cateter deve estar entre a nona e décima vértebra torácica ou acima da quarta vértebra lombar.


Resumen Objetivo Sintetizar las evidencias científicas sobre los puntos anatómicos, en radiografías, utilizados para evaluar el extremo distal del catéter central de inserción periférica en recién nacidos. Métodos Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en las bases de datos Web of Science, National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE) y Scopus, entre los años 2017 y 2021. Resultados De los 263 documentos encontrados en las bases, 13 cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad y fueron seleccionados para análisis. Entre ellos, 12 eran estudios de observación y uno era experimental. Con relación al país de origen, únicamente un estudio fue publicado en Brasil, cinco en China, dos en Estados Unidos de América y un estudio en Italia, Alemania, Canadá, Irán e India. Las evidencias encontradas demostraron la existencia de siete puntos anatómicos utilizados en la radiografía para la visualización de la extremidad del catéter percutáneo en neonatos, y la unidad vertebral fue el referente orientador predominante. Conclusión Para catéteres insertados en miembros superiores, los puntos anatómicos que más se aproximaron a la unión cavoatrial son la quinta y la séptima vértebra torácica o dos unidades vertebrales por debajo de la carina. Para los miembros inferiores, la ubicación de la extremidad del catéter debe estar entre la novena y la décima vértebra torácica o sobre la cuarta vértebra lumbar.


Abstract Objective To summarize the scientific evidence on anatomical landmarks on radiography used to evaluate the distal tip of the peripherally inserted central catheter in newborns. Methods This is an integrative literature review performed between 2017 and 2021 in Web of Science, National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE) and Scopus databases. Results Thirteen out of 263 documents found in the databases met the eligibility criteria and were selected for analysis. Of these, 12 were observational studies and one was experimental. As for the country of origin, only one study was published in Brazil, five in China, two in the United States of America; and Italy, Germany, Canada, Iran and India with one study each. The evidence found demonstrated the existence of seven anatomical landmarks used in radiography to visualize the tip of the percutaneous catheter in newborns, and the vertebral body as the predominant guiding reference. Conclusion For catheters inserted in the upper limbs, the anatomical landmarks closer to the cavo-atrial junction are the fifth and seventh thoracic vertebrae, or two vertebral bodies below the level of the carina. For the lower limbs, the catheter tip should be positioned between the ninth and tenth thoracic vertebrae or above the fourth lumbar vertebra.

3.
Medisur ; 20(2)abr. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405902

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Esta investigación pretende dilucidar, a partir del análisis de técnicas de inteligencia artificial explicables, la robustez y el nivel de generalización de los métodos de visión por computadora propuestos para identificar COVID-19 utilizando imágenes de radiografías de tórax. Asimismo, alertar a los investigadores y revisores sobre el problema del aprendizaje por atajos. En este estudio se siguen recomendaciones para identificar si los modelos de clasificación automática de COVID-19 se ven afectados por el aprendizaje por atajos. Para ello, se revisaron los artículos que utilizan métodos de inteligencia artificial explicable en dicha tarea. Se evidenció que al utilizar la imagen de radiografía de tórax completa o el cuadro delimitador de los pulmones, las regiones de la imagen que más contribuyen a la clasificación aparecen fuera de la región pulmonar, algo que no tiene sentido. Los resultados indican que, hasta ahora, los modelos existentes presentan el problema de aprendizaje por atajos, lo cual los hace inapropiados para ser usados en entornos clínicos.


ABSTRACT This research aims to elucidate, from the analysis of explainable artificial intelligence techniques, the robustness and level of generalization of the proposed computer vision methods to identify COVID-19 using chest X-ray images. Also, alert researchers and reviewers about the problem of learning by shortcuts. In this study, recommendations are followed to identify if the automatic classification models of COVID-19 are affected by shortcut learning. To do this, articles that use explainable artificial intelligence methods were reviewed. It was shown that when using the full chest X-ray image or the bounding box of the lungs, the regions of the image that contribute the most to the classification appear outside the lung region, something that does not make sense. The results indicate that, so far, the existing models present the problem of learning by shortcuts, which makes them inappropriate to be used in clinical settings.

4.
Clin. biomed. res ; 42(1): 33-38, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1391246

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Conhecer o perfil da população privada de liberdade da Penitenciária Modulada de Osório (PMO), do ponto de vista radiológico e estimar a prevalência da tuberculose ativa no presídio.Métodos: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de 677 radiografias de tórax obtidas para rastreio de tuberculose e de dados da ficha de atendimento do setor de Radiologia no período de julho a outubro de 2019.Resultados: Foram detectadas 150 radiografias alteradas, o que representa 22% dos 677 exames. Dos 150 exames alterados, 109 (16% do total e 72% dos alterados) apresentavam lesões com características de doença granulomatosa. Dos 677 pacientes, 11,5% referiram tratamento atual ou prévio para tuberculose e estes representam 38% dos casos com radiografias alteradas. Foram detectados 50 pacientes sem história prévia de tuberculose com lesões de aspecto muito provavelmente devido a tuberculose com características de doença ativa (7,3% do total), os quais foram encaminhados para investigação como casos novos. Em relação ao questionário aplicado, não foi observada diferença significativa entre os pacientes que referiam ou negavam tosse entre os com exames normais e alterados.Conclusões: Os indivíduos privados de liberdade apresentaram alta prevalência de alterações radiológicas com aspecto sugestivo de doença granulomatosa. Estes achados permitem inferir que na Penitenciária Modulada de Osório há elevada prevalência de tuberculose, provavelmente em níveis semelhantes a outras casas prisionais do Brasil.


Introduction: To determine the radiologic profile of 'the prisoners at Osório Modular Prison and estimate the prevalence of active tuberculosis in the institution.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 677 chest radiographs obtained for tuberculosis screening and data from the medical records of prisoners seen at the Radiology Department from July to October 2019.Results: Of 677 radiographs, 150 (22%) showed abnormalities. Of these, 109 (16% of total or 72% of abnormal radiographs) showed lesions characteristic of granulomatous disease. Of all 677 patients, 11.5% reported current or previous treatment of tuberculosis, accounting for 38% of all abnormal radiographs. Fifty patients with no previous history of tuberculosis had lesions that were most likely due to active tuberculosis (7.3% of total), and were referred for further investigation as new cases. The responses to the questionnaire revealed no significant difference between patients who reported or denied coughing when comparing those with normal vs abnormal radiographs.Conclusions: Individuals deprived of liberty had a high prevalence of radiologic abnormalities suggestive of granulomatous disease. These findings allow us to infer that there is a high prevalence of tuberculosis at Osório Modular Prison, probably at levels comparable to those of other prison facilities in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Young Adult , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Radiology/statistics & numerical data , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data
5.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 50(3): e1381, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1357313

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Desde el surgimiento de los primeros casos en la pandemia de la COVID-19, se ha desarrollado una carrera vertiginosa en crear un espacio de investigación para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y control de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y radiológicas de los pacientes con la COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, en el período comprendido de marzo a octubre del año 2020, se estudiaron 404 pacientes de todas las edades, ingresados, con diagnóstico confirmado con PCR en tiempo real. Las variables utilizadas fueron: edad, sexo, síntomas y radiografía del tórax. Resultados: El 54,5 por ciento de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino y entre ellos asintomáticos el 55,9 por ciento; el 36,9 por ciento tenía entre 40 a 59 años de edad, en los menores de 20 años, el 64,9 por ciento no presentó síntomas de la enfermedad al ingreso. Estuvieron asintomáticos el 53,5 por ciento; el 76,6 por ciento de las radiografías positivas correspondieron a los sintomáticos, la tos fue el síntoma más frecuente. La mayor positividad en la radiografía del tórax se encontró en los pacientes mayores de 60 años, se observó como patrón más frecuente, la opacidad en velo, de distribución periférica. Conclusiones: Predominan los pacientes asintomáticos, la positividad de las radiografías es mayor en los ancianos(AU)


Introduction: Since the emergence of the first cases of COVID-19 pandemic, a dizzying race has developed in creating a research space for the diagnosis, treatment and control of the disease. Objective: To describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out, in the period from March to October 2020, 404 patients of all ages, admitted, with confirmed diagnosis with real-time PCR, were studied. The variables used were: age, sex, symptoms and chest X-ray. Results: 54.5 percent of the patients were female and 55,9 percent of them were asymptomatic, 36,9 percent were between 40 and 59 years old, in those under 20 years 64,9 percent were not. They presented symptoms of the disease upon admission 53,5 percent were asymptomatic, 76,6 percent of the positive radiographs corresponded to the symptomatic ones, coughing was the most frequent symptom. The greatest positivity in the chest X-ray was found in patients older than 60 years, the most frequent pattern was the opacity in the peripheral distribution veil. Conclusions: Asymptomatic patients predominate, the positivity of radiographs is higher in the elderly(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Racial Groups , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , COVID-19 , Radiography, Thoracic/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive
7.
Rev. ecuat. pediatr ; 21(3): 1-9, 31 Diciembre 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1146528

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La principal causa de morbi-mortalidad pediátrica incluye el compromiso de la vía aérea, por lo que una correcta intubación salva la vida del paciente. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las variables predictivas de diámetro y longitud de inserción de tubo endotraqueal en niños intubados en el área de terapia Intensiva del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca-Ecuador. Métodos: En el presente estudio observacional con una muestra no probabilística tipo censo, se determinó el diámetro del tubo endotraqueal (DTE) utilizado y la profundidad de inserción mediante rayos x para determinar la Longitud del Tubo Endotraqueal (LTE). Se utiliza correlación y regresión lineal para predecir DTE y LTE en base a Edad, Peso y Talla de niños de 1 a 120 meses de edad. Se utiliza estadística no paramétrica. Resultados: Fueron 102 casos que constituyeron una frecuencia de intubación del 30.6 %, el motivo más frecuente fue patología respiratoria. La ecuación de predicción del DTE=3.54+0.14*(edad años) + 0.04*(Peso kg). R2=0.65, P=0.0001, para LTE=10.36+0.31*(edad años) + 0.18*(Peso kg). R2=0.65, P=0.0001. Conclusiones: El diámetro y longitud del tubo endotraqueal se correlacionan con variables propias de cada paciente como edad y peso


Introduction: The main cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatrics includes the compromise of the airway and ventilation, proper intubation will save the patient's life, being therefore transcendent to consider age, height, weight and sex. Objective: To determine the predictive variables of diameter and length of endotracheal tube insertion in children aged 1 to 120 months admitted to the Intensive Care area of Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. Methods: Correlational study, with a sample of 102 intubated patients, determined the size of the tube used and the depth of insertion using x-rays; For qualitative variables descriptive statistics were used, for the quantitative Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, in the bivariate analysis the Mann Whitney U and Spearman correlation was used. Subsequently, the multivariate linear regression analysis was executed, the final equation was modeled and Pearson coefficients were obtained, finally ANOVA analysis was performed. Results: The frequency of intubation was 30.6%, the most frequent reason was respiratory pathology. The diameter of the tube can be predicted individually using age, weight and height, and by combining age and weight the prediction increases to 64.9%. To estimate the depth of the tube, weight (63.4%), age and height are useful, and combining age and weight increases the accuracy to 65.2%. There is no correlation between diameter, insertion length and sex. Conclusions: The diameter and length of the endotracheal tube correlate with each patient's own variables such as age and weight


Subject(s)
Humans , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Child , Intubation, Intratracheal , Trachea , Radiography, Thoracic
8.
Med. UIS ; 33(2): 55-64, mayo-ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346446

ABSTRACT

Resumen La hemosiderosis pulmonar idiopática es una entidad rara caracterizada por hemorragia alveolar capilar. Su tríada clásica es hemoptisis crónica o recurrente, anemia por deficiencia de hierro y opacidades en las imágenes pulmonares. El objetivo de esta revisión fue determinar la frecuencia en radiografía y tomografía de tórax, de los hallazgos de hemosiderosis pulmonar idiopática en adultos, reportados en la literatura durante los últimos 20 años, de acuerdo con los hallazgos semiológicos en imagen, localización y distribución. Se hizo una búsqueda de publicaciones en bases de datos. Se seleccionaron 42 estudios, se estratificaron variables y se recopilaron los hallazgos. La consolidación y las opacidades reticulonodulares fueron el hallazgo más frecuente en radiografía. En tomografía el hallazgo principal fue el vidrio deslustrado en la región basal. No hubo diferencias en los hallazgos semiológicos de imagen en cuanto al compromiso de acuerdo con el género, aunque las mujeres tendieron a presentar una distribución difusa. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(2):55-64.


Abstract Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a rare entity characterized by capillary alveolar hemorrhage. Its classic triad is chronic or recurrent hemoptysis, iron deficiency anemia, and opacities in lung images. The objective of this review was to determine the frequency in chest radiography and chest tomography of the findings of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in adults, reported in the literature during the last 20 years, according to the semiological imaging findings, location and distribution. A search of publications in databases was made. Forty-two studies were collected, variables were stratified in different categories and the findings were compiled. The most frequent finding in chest radiography were consolidation and reticulonodular opacities. On the other hand, the main finding in tomography was ground glass opacities in the basal region. There were no differences in the pattern of compromise by gender, although women tended to have a more diffuse distribution. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(2):55-64.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Radiography, Thoracic , Tomography , Hemosiderosis , Dyspnea , Anemia
9.
Med. UIS ; 33(1): 39-52, ene.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124984

ABSTRACT

Resumen La neumonía en niños es causa frecuente de morbilidad y mortalidad, especialmente en países de bajos ingresos; es indispensable proporcionar una adecuada conducta terapéutica, idealmente orientada por etiología, pues la principal consecuencia de no establecer un diagnóstico etiológico preciso es el abuso de antibióticos. La evaluación clínica y radiológica son los pilares básicos para el diagnóstico de neumonía, y el conocimiento del comportamiento epidemiológico de los gérmenes y los biomarcadores ayudan a su aproximación etiológica. Se revisaron aspectos prácticos sobre el diagnóstico de la neumonía en niños, abordando criterios clínicos y epidemiológicos (edad y género), reactantes de fase aguda, hallazgos radiológicos y modelos de predicción etiológica utilizados como herramientas para la diferenciación de neumonía bacteriana de viral en menores de 18 años, en escenarios donde no se dispone rutinariamente de técnicas más precisas para diagnóstico rápido, como aquellas de tipo inmunológico o moleculares. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(1):39-52.


Abstract Pneumonia in children is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in low-income countries. Due to this, it is indispensable to get a right therapeutic behavior, ideally focused by etiology, because the main consequence of not establishing an accurate etiological diagnosis is the abuse of antibiotics. The radiologic and clinic evaluations are basic pillars for pneumonia diagnosis and the knowledge in epidemiological behavior and biomarkers is very useful for an etiological approximation. Practical aspects were reviewed about pneumonia diagnosis in children, addressing clinic and epidemiological criteria (age and gender), acute phase reactants, radiological findings and etiological prediction models used as tools for differentiation between viral and bacterial pneumonia in children under 18 years old, in scenarios where it is not possible to find techniques for a right diagnostic, as those of immunologic and molecular types. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(1):39-52.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Pediatrics , Pneumonia , Pneumonia, Viral , Acute-Phase Proteins , Radiography, Thoracic , Pulmonary Medicine , Uses of Epidemiology , Pneumonia, Bacterial , Diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Clinical Decision-Making
10.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 35(1): 75-83, 2020. fig, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1095476

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El trauma de tórax tiene alta incidencia y el neumotórax es el hallazgo más frecuente. La literatura es escasa sobre qué hacer con los pacientes asintomáticos y con neumotórax por trauma de tórax penetrante. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar cuáles son los hallazgos de la radiografía de control de los pacientes con trauma de tórax penetrante que no son llevados inicialmente a cirugía, y su utilidad para determinar la necesidad de un tratamiento adicional. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de cohorte, incluyendo pacientes mayores de 15 años que ingresaron por trauma de tórax penetrante entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2017 y que no requirieron manejo quirúrgico inicial. Se analizaron los resultados de la radiografía de tórax, el tiempo de su toma y la conducta decidida según los hallazgos en los pacientes dejados inicialmente bajo observación. Resultados. Se incluyeron 1.554 pacientes, cuya edad promedio fue de 30 años, 92,5 % del sexo masculino y 97% con herida por arma cortopunzante. Se dejaron 361 pacientes bajo observación con radiografía de control, de los cuales 186 (51,5 %) no presentaban alteraciones en su radiografía inicial, 142 tenían neumotórax menor del 30 % y 33 tenían neumotórax mayor del 30 %, hemoneumotórax o hemotórax. Se requirió toracostomía cerrada como conducta final en 78 casos, esternotomía o toracotomía en 2 casos y 281 se dieron de alta. Conclusión. En pacientes asintomáticos con neumotórax pequeño o moderado y sin otras lesiones significativas, podrían ser innecesarios los largos tiempos de observación, las radiografías y la toracostomía cerrada


Introduction: Chest trauma has a high incidence, and pneumothorax is the most frequent finding. The literature is limited about what to do with asymptomatic patients with pneumothorax due to penetrating chest trauma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the findings of control follow-up chest x-ray in patients with penetrating chest trauma who are not initially taken to surgery and its usefulness in determining the need for additional management.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including patients older than 15 years who were admitted for penetrating chest trauma between January 2015 and December 2017 and who did not require initial surgical management. The results of the chest x-ray, the timing of it and the management according to the findings in the patients initially left under observation were analyzed.Results: 1,554 patients were included; whose average age was 30 years, 92.5% were males and 97% sustained a gunshot wound; 361 patients were left under observation with control x-ray, of which 186 (51,5%) had no findings on their initial radiograph, 142 had pneumothorax less than 30% and 33 had pneumothorax greater than 30%, hemoneumotorax or hemothorax. Closed thoracostomy was required as final management in 78 cases, sternotomy or thoracotomy in 2 cases and discharge in 281.Conclusion: In asymptomatic patients with small or moderate pneumothorax and without other significant injuries, longer observation times, x-rays and closed thoracostomy may be unnecessary


Subject(s)
Humans , Thoracic Injuries , Pneumothorax , Diagnostic Imaging , Radiography, Thoracic
11.
J. bras. pneumol ; 46(5): e20200226, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134899

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a chest X-ray (CXR) score and of clinical and laboratory data in predicting the clinical course of patients with SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods: This is a pilot multicenter retrospective study including patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the ERs in three hospitals in Italy between February and March of 2020. Two radiologists independently evaluated the baseline CXR of the patients using a semi-quantitative score to determine the severity of lung involvement: a score of 0 represented no lung involvement, whereas scores of 1 to 4 represented the first (less severe) to the fourth (more severe) quartiles regarding the severity of lung involvement. Relevant clinical and laboratory data were collected. The outcome of patients was defined as severe if noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or intubation was necessary, or if the patient died. Results: Our sample comprised 140 patients. Most of the patients were symptomatic (132/138; 95.7%), and 133/140 patients (95.0%) presented with opacities on CXR at admission. Of the 140 patients, 7 (5.0%) showed no lung involvement, whereas 58 (41.4%), 31 (22.1%), 26 (18.6%), and 18 (12.9%), respectively, scored 1, 2, 3, and 4. In our sample, 66 patients underwent NIV or intubation, 37 of whom scored 1 or 2 on baseline CXR, and 28 patients died. Conclusions: The severity score based on CXR seems to be able to predict the clinical progression in cases that scored 0, 3, or 4. However, the score alone cannot predict the clinical progression in patients with mild-to-moderate parenchymal involvement (scores 1 and 2).


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a acurácia diagnóstica de um escore de radiografia de tórax (RxT) e também de dados clínicos e laboratoriais na previsão da evolução clínica de pacientes com infecção por SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Métodos: Estudo piloto multicêntrico retrospectivo incluindo pacientes com infecção por SARS-CoV-2 internados nos PSs de três hospitais na Itália entre fevereiro e março de 2020. Dois radiologistas avaliaram as RxT iniciais dos pacientes de forma independente utilizando um escore semiquantitativo para determinar a gravidade do comprometimento pulmonar: escore 0 representava ausência de comprometimento pulmonar, enquanto escores de 1 a 4 representavam o primeiro (menos grave) ao quarto (mais grave) quartil de gravidade do comprometimento pulmonar. Coletaram-se dados clínicos e laboratoriais relevantes. O desfecho dos pacientes foi definido como grave se foi necessária ventilação não invasiva (VNI) ou intubação ou se o paciente faleceu. Resultados: Nossa amostra foi composta por 140 pacientes. A maioria era sintomática (132/138; 95,7%), e 133/140 (95,0%) apresentavam opacidades na RxT da admissão. Dos 140 pacientes, 7 (5,0%) não apresentavam comprometimento pulmonar, enquanto 58 (41,4%), 31 (22,1%), 26 (18,6%) e 18 (12,9%), respectivamente, receberam escore 1, 2, 3 e 4. Em nossa amostra, 66 pacientes foram submetidos a VNI ou intubação, 37 dos quais receberam escore 1 ou 2 na RxT inicial, e 28 pacientes faleceram. Conclusões: O escore de gravidade baseado em RxT parece ser capaz de prever a evolução clínica em casos com escore 0, 3 ou 4. No entanto, o escore isoladamente não consegue prever a evolução clínica de pacientes com comprometimento leve a moderado do parênquima (escores 1 e 2).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Thoracic/methods , Coronavirus Infections/diagnostic imaging , Pandemics , Lung/diagnostic imaging , X-Rays , Retrospective Studies , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , Betacoronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Italy/epidemiology
12.
J. bras. pneumol ; 46(2): e20180419, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1090796

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the radiological presentation of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed in the emergency department and to investigate its association with the time to diagnosis. Methods: This was a prospective observational study involving patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in the emergency department of a tertiary university hospital in southern Brazil. Chest X-rays taken on admission were evaluated by a radiologist. The various patterns of radiological findings and locations of the lesions were described. The main study outcome was the total time elapsed between the initial radiological examination and the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Results: A total of 78 patients were included in the study. The median time from chest X-ray to diagnosis was 2 days, early and delayed diagnosis being defined as a time to diagnosis < 2 days and ≥ 2 days, respectively. Sputum smear positivity was associated with early diagnosis (p = 0.005), and positive culture was associated with delayed diagnosis (p = 0.005). Early diagnosis was associated with the presence of sputum (p = 0.03), weight loss (p = 0.047), cavitation (p = 0.001), and consolidation (p = 0.003). Pulmonary cavitation was found to be an independent predictor of early diagnosis (OR = 3.50; p = 0.028). Conclusions: There is a need for tuberculosis-specific protocols in emergency departments, not only to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment but also to modify the transmission dynamics of the disease.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a apresentação radiológica de pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar diagnosticada no serviço de emergência e investigar sua associação com o tempo para o diagnóstico. Métodos: Estudo observacional prospectivo envolvendo pacientes diagnosticados com tuberculose pulmonar no serviço de emergência de um hospital universitário terciário no sul do Brasil. As radiografias de tórax realizadas na admissão foram avaliadas por um radiologista. Foram descritos os diferentes padrões de achados radiológicos e as localizações das lesões. O desfecho principal do estudo foi o tempo total decorrido entre o exame radiológico inicial e o diagnóstico de tuberculose. Resultados: Um total de 78 pacientes foi incluído no estudo. A mediana de tempo entre a radiografia de tórax e o diagnóstico foi de 2 dias, sendo os diagnósticos precoce e tardio definidos como tempo para o diagnóstico < 2 dias e ≥ 2 dias, respectivamente. A positividade da baciloscopia de escarro associou-se ao diagnóstico precoce (p = 0,005), e a cultura positiva associou-se ao diagnóstico tardio (p = 0,005). O diagnóstico precoce associou-se à presença de escarro (p = 0,03), perda de peso (p = 0,047), cavitação (p = 0,001) e consolidação (p = 0,003). A cavitação pulmonar foi um preditor independente de diagnóstico precoce (OR = 3,50; p = 0,028). Conclusões: Há necessidade de protocolos específicos para tuberculose nos serviços de emergência, não apenas para evitar atrasos no diagnóstico e no tratamento, mas também para modificar a dinâmica de transmissão da doença.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Time Factors , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , X-Rays , Brazil , Prospective Studies , Delayed Diagnosis
13.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 90(3): 156-160, jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001270

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: la costilla cervical es una malformación rara que puede dar lugar a diagnósticos diferenciales y que tiene un manejo variable y controvertido. Objetivo: describir una observación clínica de costilla cervical, analizar su manejo y revisar la bibliografía relevante acerca del tema. Observación clínica: varón de 7 años, sano, en el cual, durante un control en salud, se halla una tumoración supraclavicular izquierda. Este fue estudiado, arribándose al diagnóstico de costilla cervical bilateral asintomática. Se tomó una conducta expectante y a diez meses de evolución el paciente ha permanecido asintomático. Discusión y revisión bibliográfica: se destacan los elementos clínicos que deben hacer pensar en el diagnóstico y el potencial de éstos para generar un curso de acción más rápido, con menores molestias para el paciente, menor ansiedad para la familia y menores costos para el sistema. Con base en la revisión bibliográfica, se destaca que la mayoría de los casos pueden manejarse en forma expectante tras informar al paciente y su familia de los elementos que deben motivar una rápida consulta y se mencionan las raras indicaciones de tratamiento activo y las opciones y controversias en torno a éste.


Summary: Introduction: a cervical rib is an uncommon malformation, that may lead to different diagnoses and to variable and controversial treatment procedures. Objectives: to describe a cervical rib case, to analyze how it was treated and to review the relevant bibliography. Clinical observation: healthy 7-year-old male, on whom a supraclavicular tumor was found during a check-up. He was studied until an asymptomatic bilateral cervical rib diagnosis was reached. We have followed-up the case closely and ten months after the finding the patient remains asymptomatic. Discussion and literature review: we have identified clinical elements that may lead to this diagnosis and may speed up the course of action to adopt as well as generate less patient discomfort, less family anxiety and lower system costs. Literature suggests that once the patient and his family have been warned about the symptoms that could require a rapid consultation, most cases can be treated as expected. We also described to them rare indications, available options and controversial issues that may arise.


Resumo: Introdução: costela cervical é uma malformação incomum, que pode levar a diagnósticos diferentes e a procedimentos de tratamento variáveis e controversos. Objetivos: descrever um caso de costela cervical, analisar o tratamento e revisar a bibliografia relevante. Observação clínica: menino saudável de 7 anos de idade, no qual encontramos um tumor supraclavicular durante um check-up. Ele foi estudado até alcançar o diagnóstico de costela cervical bilateral assintomática. Monitoramos o caso e dez meses após o paciente ainda permanecia assintomático. Discussão e revisão de literatura: identificamos elementos clínicos que podem levar a esse diagnóstico e podem acelerar as ações a serem realizadas, bem como gerar menos desconforto ao paciente, menor ansiedade familiar e menor custo do sistema. A literatura sugere que, uma vez que o paciente e sua família tivessem sido alertados sobre os sintomas que poderiam exigir uma consulta rápida, a maioria dos casos poderia ser tratada como esperado. Também descrevemos para eles indicações raras, opções disponíveis e questões controversas que podem surgir.

14.
Radiol. bras ; 52(2): 78-84, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002993

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To evaluate chest X-ray findings in pediatric patients diagnosed with influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed chest X-ray findings in 17 cases of pulmonary infection with the H1N1 virus (in 7 males and 10 females) examined between 2012 and 2016. The mean age of the patients was 14 months (range, 2-89 months). The diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical and radiographic criteria, and the virus was detected by polymerase chain reaction. The radiographic findings were categorized by type/pattern of opacity and by lung zone. The patients were divided into two groups: those not requiring ventilatory support; and those requiring ventilatory support or evolving to death. Results: The abnormality most often seen on chest X-rays was that of peribronchovascular opacities, the majority of which affected less than 25% of the lung, the involvement being bilateral and asymmetric. The lung zone most frequently involved was the middle third, with central and peripheral distribution, without pleural effusion. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the symmetry of pulmonary involvement, asymmetric findings predominating in the group that required ventilatory support (p = 0.029). Conclusion: In pediatric patients with H1N1 virus infection, the main alterations on the initial chest X-rays are peribronchovascular opacities, nonspecific alveolar opacities, and consolidations. Although the definitive diagnosis of H1N1 virus infection cannot be made on the basis of imaging characteristics alone, using a combination of clinical and radiographic findings can substantially improve the diagnostic accuracy.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar os achados na radiografia de tórax de pacientes com diagnóstico de infecção pelo vírus influenza. Materiais e Métodos: Revisamos, retrospectivamente, os achados na radiografia de tórax de 17 casos de infecção pulmonar pelo vírus influenza (7 do sexo masculino e 10 do sexo feminino; idade média de 14 meses, variação de 2 a 89 meses). Os pacientes foram examinados entre 2012 e 2016 e o diagnóstico foi estabelecido por critérios clinicorradiológicos e detecção do vírus por reação em cadeia de polimerase. Os achados radiológicos foram caracterizados por tipo e padrão de opacidade e distribuição por zonas pulmonares. A população estudada foi dividida em dois grupos: sem suporte ventilatório e com suporte ventilatório e/ou óbito. Resultados: A anormalidade encontrada com maior frequência na radiografia de tórax foram as marcas peribroncovasculares, a maioria delas com extensão menor de 25% do pulmão, envolvimento bilateral e assimétrico. A região mais frequentemente envolvida foi o terço médio, com distribuição central e periférica e ausência de derrame pleural. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante na simetria do envolvimento pulmonar, entre os grupos, havendo preponderância de achado assimétrico (p = 0,029) no grupo que necessitou de suporte ventilatório. Conclusão: Pacientes pediátricos com infecção pelo H1N1 apresentam como alterações principais na radiografia do tórax inicial marcas peribroncovasculares, opacidades alveolares inespecíficas e consolidações. Embora o diagnóstico definitivo não possa ser feito com base em imagens características isoladas, uma combinação dos achados clínicos e radiográficos pode melhorar substancialmente a acurácia do diagnóstico nessa doença.

16.
J. bras. pneumol ; 45(4): e20190122, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012570

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Bronchiectasis is a condition that has been increasingly diagnosed by chest HRCT. In the literature, bronchiectasis is divided into bronchiectasis secondary to cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis not associated with cystic fibrosis, which is termed non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Many causes can lead to the development of bronchiectasis, and patients usually have chronic airway symptoms, recurrent infections, and CT abnormalities consistent with the condition. The first international guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis was published in 2010. In Brazil, this is the first review document aimed at systematizing the knowledge that has been accumulated on the subject to date. Because there is insufficient evidence on which to base recommendations for various treatment topics, here the decision was made to prepare an expert consensus document. The Brazilian Thoracic Association Committee on Respiratory Infections summoned 10 pulmonologists with expertise in bronchiectasis in Brazil to conduct a critical assessment of the available scientific evidence and international guidelines, as well as to identify aspects that are relevant to the understanding of the heterogeneity of bronchiectasis and to its diagnostic and therapeutic management. Five broad topics were established (pathophysiology, diagnosis, monitoring of stable patients, treatment of stable patients, and management of exacerbations). After this subdivision, the topics were distributed among the authors, who conducted a nonsystematic review of the literature, giving priority to major publications in the specific areas, including original articles, review articles, and systematic reviews. The authors reviewed and commented on all topics, producing a single final document that was approved by consensus.


RESUMO Bronquiectasias têm se mostrado uma condição cada vez mais diagnosticada com a utilização da TCAR de tórax. Na literatura, a terminologia utilizada separa as bronquiectasias entre secundárias à fibrose cística e aquelas não associadas à fibrose cística, denominadas bronquiectasias não fibrocísticas neste documento. Muitas causas podem levar ao desenvolvimento de bronquiectasias, e o paciente geralmente tem sintomas crônicos de vias aéreas, infecções recorrentes e alterações tomográficas compatíveis com a condição. Em 2010, foi publicada a primeira diretriz internacional sobre diagnóstico e tratamento das bronquiectasias não fibrocísticas. No Brasil, este é o primeiro documento de revisão com o objetivo de sistematizar o conhecimento acumulado sobre o assunto até o momento. Como para vários tópicos do tratamento não há evidências suficientes para recomendações, optou-se aqui pela construção de um documento de consenso entre especialistas. A Comissão de Infecções Respiratórias da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia reuniu 10 pneumologistas com expertise em bronquiectasias no Brasil para avaliar criticamente as evidências científicas e diretrizes internacionais, assim como identificar aspectos relevantes à compreensão da heterogeneidade da doença bronquiectásica e a seu manejo diagnóstico e terapêutico. Foram determinados cinco grandes tópicos (fisiopatologia; diagnóstico; monitorização do paciente estável; tratamento do paciente estável; e manejo das exacerbações). Após essa subdivisão, os tópicos foram distribuídos entre os autores, que realizaram uma revisão não sistemática da literatura, priorizando as principais publicações nas áreas específicas, incluindo artigos originais e de revisão, assim como revisões sistemáticas. Os autores revisaram e opinaram sobre todos os tópicos, formando um documento único final que foi aprovado por todos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchiectasis/therapy , Bronchiectasis/diagnostic imaging , Consensus , Quality of Life , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/physiopathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Brazil , Bronchiectasis/etiology , Bronchiectasis/physiopathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Chronic Disease , Disease Management
17.
urol. colomb. (Bogotá. En línea) ; 28(1): 47-50, 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1402214

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis genitourinaria es la segunda forma de presentación más común de tuberculosis extrapulmonar luego del compromiso ganglionar, la epididimitis tuberculosa afecta preferentemente a pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los 30 y 50 años, y al menos un 70% tienen historia previa de tuberculosis pulmonar, la infección tuberculosa del escroto es rara y ocurre en aproximadamente el 7% de los pacientes con tuberculosis por extensión directa desde el epidídimo, planteando problemas de diagnóstico diferencial con procesos más agresivos como las neoplasias testiculares. Reportamos el caso de un hombre de 23 años con masa testicular que emulaba ser de origen neoplásico, llevado a orquidectomía unilateral. La patología describe necrosis y granulomas de caseificación conclusivo para orquiepididimitis tuberculosa, paciente inmunocompetente sin antecedente previo de tuberculosis.


Genitourinary tuberculosis is the second most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis after lymph node involvement; tuberculous epididymitis preferentially affects patients between the ages of 30 and 50 years, and at least 70% have a previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous infection scrotum is rare and occurs in approximately 7% of patients with tuberculosis by direct extension from the epididymis, posing problems of differential diagnosis with more aggressive processes such as testicular tumors. We report the case of a 23-year-old man with a testicular mass that emulated being of neoplastic origin, taken to unilateral orchidectomy. The pathology describes necrosis and caseification granulomas, conclusive for tuberculous orchiepididymitis, an immunocompetent patient with no previous history of tuberculosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Testicular Neoplasms , Tuberculosis, Miliary , Tuberculosis, Urogenital , Orchiectomy , Epididymitis , Pathology , Tuberculosis , Tomography, Emission-Computed , Diagnosis, Differential , Epididymis , Granuloma , Lymph Nodes , Necrosis
18.
Salud UNINORTE ; 34(3): 814-818, sep.-dic. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1004633

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se presenta un caso de hernia paraesofágica en una mujer con diagnóstico inicial de enfermedad ácidopéptica. El diagnóstico preciso requirió radiografía de tórax, radiografía de vías digestivas altas y tomografia axial computarizada. Fue tratada mediante abordaje por videolaparascopía; seis meses después estaba asintomática y sin complicaciones. El médico general debe considerar la probabilidad de hernia paraesofágica en pacientes añosos con síntomas del tracto digestivo superior inexplicados, especialmente cuando los síntomas son crónicos y sin respuesta adecuada al tratamiento con inhibidores de la bomba de protones.


Abstract A case of paraesophageal hernia in a woman with an initial diagnosis of peptic acid disorders. Precise diagnosis required chest radiography, upper gastrointestinal tract x-ray and computed tomography. She was treated by videolaparoscopic approach; six months later she was asymptomatic and suffered no complications. The General Practitioner should consider the likelihood of paraesophageal hernia in elderly patients with unexplained upper digestive tract symptoms, especially when the symptoms are chronic and unresponsive to treatment with proton pump inhibitors.

19.
Med. UIS ; 31(3): 57-61, sep.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002520

ABSTRACT

Resumen El signo de Chilaiditi es un hallazgo radiográfico infrecuente que consiste en la interposición de un asa intestinal entre el hígado y el diafragma. No existe etiología claramente establecida; sin embargo, se han planteado varias hipótesis que explican su presencia, entre ellos la hiperlaxitud de los ligamentos suspensorios del hígado, el aumento de la presión intraabdominal y la redundancia colónica. Al asociarse este hallazgo con síntomas gastrointestinales o respiratorios se denomina síndrome de Chilaiditi, y su tratamiento principalmente es sintomático, en casos excepcionales requiere abordaje quirúrgico. Este signo se encuentra usualmente de manera incidental y se ha visto una relación con enfermedad respiratoria crónica; pudiendo afectar su curso clínico, motivando a profundizar en el estudio integral. Se presenta el caso de un paciente adulto mayor, en seguimiento médico por enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, cuya radiografía de tórax evidencia la interposición de un asa intestinal entre la cúpula diafragmática derecha y el hígado. MÉD.UIS. 2018;31(3):57-61.


Abstract The Chilaiditi sign is a rare radiographic finding, which consists in the interposition of an intestinal handle between the liver and the diaphragm. There is no clear etiology established, however, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain its presence, including the hyper-laxity of the liver suspensory ligaments, an increase on the intra-abdominal pressure and colonic redundancy. When this finding is associated with gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms is called "Chilaiditi syndrome", and its treatment is mainly symptomatic; in exceptional cases a surgical approach is required. The Chilaiditi sign is usually an incidental finding, and a connection with chronic respiratory disease has been seen, and it could affect this pathology's clinical course, being this a motivation to deepen in an integral study. We present a case of an elder patient, being followed due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, whose chest X-ray shows interposition of an intestinal handle between the right diaphragmatic dome and the liver. MÉD.UIS. 2018;31(3):57-61.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Chilaiditi Syndrome , Radiography, Thoracic , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
20.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(5): 1403-1408, set.-out. 2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-946865

ABSTRACT

Relata-se um caso de pneumomediastino, pneumotórax e enfisema subcutâneo em um cão com pneumopatia associada à cinomose. As queixas principais eram tosse, secreção nasal purulenta, apatia e enfisema subcutâneo em face, região cervical e torácica. O exame radiográfico evidenciou pneumomediastino, pneumotórax e broncopneumopatia grave com áreas de consolidação pulmonar. Teste rápido imunocromatográfico para detecção de antígeno da cinomose foi positivo e houve melhora dos sinais respiratórios com antibioticoterapia, porém o quadro evoluiu para alterações neurológicas. De acordo com a revisão de literatura realizada, não há casos semelhantes relatados.(AU)


A case of pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in a dog with pneumopathy associated to distemper is reported. The main complaints were cough, purulent nasal discharge, lethargy and subcutaneous emphysema in the face, neck, and chest area. Radiographic examination showed pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and severe bronchopneumopathy with areas of pulmonary consolidation. Rapid test for canine distemper antigen detection was positive. After the antibiotic therapy there was an improvement of respiratory signs; however, the patient developed neurological symptomatology. As far as the author´s knowledge by literature review carried out, there are no similar cases reported.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Distemper , Lung Diseases/veterinary , Mediastinal Emphysema/veterinary , Pneumomediastinum, Diagnostic , Pneumothorax/veterinary
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL