Histochemical analysis of stem and fiber of ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud var. Murakami) / Análises histoquímicas do caule e das fibras do rami (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud var. Murakami)

Analyzes of samples of stem and fiber Boehmeria nivea var. Murakami were performed to increase information on the plant and disseminate its multiple possibilities of use. The histochemical analyzes with dyes and reagents showed the presence of lignified, suberous and cutinized cell walls with Safranin in the xylem region. The presence of pectin-cellulose with Astra Blue was confirmed in the regions of fiber bundles (cortex). In all regions of the stem were identified substances such as fat and mucilage with Methylene Blue evidencing high concentrations in the regions of fiber bundles and bark (violet blue). By means of Lugol (dark brown) starches were identified in several parts of the stem with concentrations in the xylem and epidermal regions. Through analyzes by EDS it was possible to identify F, Mg, Al, Si, K and Ca with predominance of K. In the chemical analyzes of the fibers were found 71.75 of cellulose, 12.11 of hemicelluloses, 1.06 of lignin and 1.70% of ashes. The percentages of extractives soluble in hot and cold water were 5.28 and 3.12% respectively, for Ethanol-Toluene was 8.55 and NaOH (1%) 27.27%. Histochemical analyzes revealed important characteristics of the fiber and stem contributing with better knowledge of the species.

Análises de amostras de caule e de fibras Boehmeria nivea var. ‘Murakami’ foram realizadas para aumentar o conhecimento da planta e difundir suas múltiplas possibilidades de uso. As análises histoquímicas com corantes e reagentes mostraram paredes celulares lignificadas, suberosas e cutinizadas com Safranina na região do xilema. Confirmou-se a presença de pectocelulose com Azul de Astra nas regiões de feixes de fibras (córtex). Em todas as regiões do caule, foram identificadas substâncias como gordura e mucilagem com Azul de Metileno, evidenciando elevadas concentrações nas regiões dos feixes de fibras e da casca (azul violeta). Por meio de Lugol (marrom escuro), foram identificados amidos em várias partes do caule com concentrações nas regiões do xilema e da epiderme. Por meio de análises de EDS, foram identificados F, Mg, Al, Si, K e Ca, com predominância do K. Nas análises químicas das fibras, foram encontrados 71,09 de celulose, 12,11 de hemiceluloses, 1,06 de lignina e 1,70% de cinzas. As porcentagens de extrativos solúveis em água quente e fria foram de 5,28 e 3,12%, respectivamente. Para o Etanol-Tolueno, foi 8,55 e para o NaOH (1%), 27,27%. As análises histoquímicas revelaram importantes características das fibras e do caule, contribuindo com melhores conhecimentos da espécie

The Therapeutic Effect of Postganglionic Nerve Block for Symptomatic Schmorl Nodule: A Retrospective Case Series

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. OBJECTIVES: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical efficacy of postganglionic nerve block in symptomatic Schmorl nodules (SNs). SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: SNs are common lesions that are often asymptomatic. In certain cases, SNs have been reported to cause severe axial back pain, thereby considerably impacting patients' quality of life. No consensus currently exists on the treatment of symptomatic SNs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 2015 to October 2017, a total of 21 patients with symptomatic SNs diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that did not respond to conservative treatment after 4 weeks were included in the study. All patients received postganglionic nerve block. We evaluated effective pain relief (improvement of back pain of more than 50% compared with before the intervention) and functional improvements, assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index scores obtained at 4 hours, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Symptomatic SNs were more common at the L2-3 level, and the lower end plate was more commonly involved than the upper end plate. Eighteen of the 21 patients (85.7%) showed effective pain relief, and no deterioration was observed within the follow-up period. Throughout the follow-up period, the VAS remained significantly improved compared to before the procedure (p < 0.05). Complications were not reported in any cases. CONCLUSIONS: Postganglionic nerve block for symptomatic SNs that do not respond to conservative treatment is a non-invasive modality for pain relief.

Fracturas osteoporóticas de ramas pélvicas: A Benign Injury? / Fractures ostéoporotiques des branches pubiennes, est-ce qu'elles sont bénignes? / Osteoporotic Pubic Rami Fracture

Objetivo: analizar los pacientes tratados por fractura osteoporótica de ramas pélvicas en nuestro hospital. Métodos: se analizan retrospectivamente pacientes con fracturas de ramas pélvicas atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencias de nuestro hospital. Los parámetros examinados incluyen datos demográficos, diagnósticos, lesiones asociadas, comorbilidades, autonomía previa, complicaciones y mortalidad al año. Resultados: 60 pacientes (51 mujeres) con una edad media de 83,5 años (rango, 65,1-99) presentaron fractura osteoporótica de ramas pélvicas; 6 pacientes presentaban antecedentes de fractura de ramas pélvicas y 23 de fractura osteoporótica de otra localización. En 27 casos se asociaban a lesiones en otras localizaciones de la pelvis, 3 pacientes asociaban fracturas extrapélvicas y 6 traumatismos craneoencefálicos; 41 pacientes experimentaron complicaciones de algún tipo. Se requirió ingreso hospitalario en 8 casos, con una estancia media de 18 días. La mortalidad al año fue de 13,3 por ciento. Conclusiones: las fracturas osteoporóticas de ramas pélvicas afectan predominantemente a mujeres con numerosas comorbilidades. Muchas son las complicaciones descritas en estos pacientes con una mortalidad anual elevada. Es recomendable un adecuado tratamiento analgésico que permita la movilización precoz del paciente tras descartar lesiones asociadas en la pelvis(AU)

Objective: we analysed patients treated for osteoporotic rami fractures in our hospital. Methods: the records of patients were examined presenting to the emergency department with osteoporotic low-impact rami fractures. Demographic, previously ambulatory ability, diagnosis, associated injuries; comorbidity, complications, and 1-year mortality were described. Results: 60 patients (51 women) with mean age of 83,5 (range, 65,1-99) years had osteoporotic rami fracture. Six patients had previous rami fracture and 23 a osteoporotic fracture. Twenty-seven patients had other pelvic fracture associated. Three patients had other extra pelvic fracture and six had crane encephalic trauma. Forty-one patients had some kind of complication at follow up. Eight patients (13, 3 percent) were admitted to hospital with median length of stay in the hospital of 18 days. Eight (13, 3 percent) patients died within 1 year of injury. Conclusions: low-impact rami fractures affect predominantly elderly women with pre-existing comorbidities. A substantial amount of complications is described in these fractures with high annual mortality. Early rehabilitation therapy with adequate analgesic therapy is recommended(AU)

Objectif: l'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser les patients traités à cause de fractures ostéoporotiques des branches pubiennes à l'hôpital universitaire Miguel Servet, hôpital de référence du secteur 2 à Zaragoza (Espagne). Méthodes: une étude rétrospective de patients atteints de fractures des branches pubiennes, et soignés au service d'urgences de cet hôpital, a été réalisée. On a examiné des paramètres, tels que données démographiques, diagnostics, lésions associées, comorbidités, autonomie préalable, complications, et taux de mortalité par an. Résultats: soixante patients (51 femmes), dont l'âge moyen a été 83,5 ans (rang 65,1-99), souffraient de fractures ostéoporotiques des branches pubiennes ; 6 patients avaient une histoire de fractures des branches pubiennes, et 23 étaient atteints de fractures ostéoporotiques ayant une autre localisation. Dans 27 cas, les fractures étaient liées à des lésions ayant d'autres localisations du bassin, 3 patients souffraient de fractures extra-pelviennes associées, et 6 des traumatismes cranio-encéphaliques ; 41 patients ont éprouvé des complications de quelque type. Huit patients ont été hospitalisés, ayant un séjour hospitalier de 18 jours en moyenne. Le taux de mortalité par an a été 13,3 pourcent. Conclusions: les fractures ostéoporotiques pelviennes touchent souvent les femmes souffrant plusieurs comorbidités. Un grand nombre de complications se produisent chez ces patients, provoquant ainsi un haut taux de mortalité par an. Après avoir écarté la possibilité de lésions associées au niveau du bassin, il est conseillé d'appliquer un traitement analgésique permettant la mobilité précoce du patient(AU)

The vascular supply of hip joint and its clinical significant / Suministro vascular de la articulación de la cadera y su significado clínico

The hip joint gains its vascular supply from the superior gluteal arteries as well as from the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries with the first perforating artery. In gluteal trauma, the superior and inferior gluteal artery may be affected which may end with vascular insult of hip joint. The current study includes a dissection of 171 cadavers to examine the vascular supply of hip joint. In 99.3% of articular branch arises from the superior gluteal artery either directly or indirectly (95.4% or in 3.9%, respectively). In 81% of articular branch arises from the inferior gluteal artery either directly or indirectly in 78% or in 3%. In 20.3% of articular branch arises from the coexistence of sciatic artery either directly or indirectly (17.7% or in 2.6%, respectively). Infrequently, the internal pudendal artery gives articular branch in 0.4%. Further, there is no difference between male and female in hip joint supply in current study. Based on current study's result, the dominant articular branch of vascular supply of the hip joint comes from the superior gluteal artery whereas the inferior gluteal artery comes beyond due its congenital absence. The coexistence sciatic artery is a replacement artery for superior or inferior gluteal artery in case of congenital absence. Due to aneurysm of the three previous arteries after trauma, it is important to study their course and articular branches to avoid iatrogenic fault of joint vascular insult during surgical management of either true or false aneurysm.

La articulación de la cadera obtiene su suministro vascular desde las arterias glúteas superiores, así como desde las arterias circunflejas femorales lateral y medial y la primera arteria perforante. En el trauma glúteo, las arteria glúteas superior e inferior pueden verse afectadas, lo que puede terminar con una lesión vascular de la articulación de la cadera. Este estudio incluyó la disección de 171 cadáveres con el fin de examinar el suministro vascular de la articulación de la cadera. El 99,3% de las ramas articulares se originan de la arteria glútea superior, ya sea directa o indirectamente (95,4% o en 3,9%, respectivamente). En 81% de los casos, la rama articular sse origina de la arteria glútea inferior, directa o indirectamente (78% y 3%, respectivamente). El 20,3% de la rama articular se origina de la conexistencia de la arteria ciática, ya sea directa o indirectamente (17,7% y 2,6%, respectivamente), y con poca frecuencia, la arteria pudenda interna origina una rama articular (0,4%). Además, los resultados no mostraron diferencia en el suministro de articulación de la cadera entre hombres y mujeres. En base a nuestros resultados, podemos señalar que la rama articular dominante de suministro vascular de la articulación de la cadera proviene de la arteria glútea superior, mientras que la arteria glútea inferior aporta de manera escasa debido a su ausencia congénita. La coexistencia de una arteria ciática, constituye un reemplazo de las arterias glútea superior o inferior en caso de ausencia congénita. En caso de un aneurisma de alguna de las tres arterias anteriores, posterior a un trauma, resulta importante estudiar su curso y ramas articulares para evitar una lesión vascular iatrogénica conjunta durante el tratamiento quirúrgico de aneurisma de tipo verdadero o falso.

Uncommon branching pattern with a prominent articular ramus of the inferior gluteal artery in a Korean male cadaver / 대한해부학회지

We found a rare case of uncommon branching pattern with a prominent articular ramus of the inferior gluteal artery in a 39-year-old Korean male cadaver, whose cause of death was rectal carcinoma. The inferior gluteal artery branches off downwards at a time, the muscular rami ran in parallel with one another, and the articular ramus gave another muscular branch and has an anastomosis with the medial circumflex femoral artery. Knowledge of vascular variations in the gluteal region may give useful information of versatile flaps for reconstruction and the prominent articular ramus found in this case is good enough to consider the existence of the anastomosis between the medial circumflex femoral artery and the inferior gluteal artery as normal, not rudimentary

Uncommon branching pattern with a prominent articular ramus of the inferior gluteal artery in a Korean male cadaver / 대한해부학회지

We found a rare case of uncommon branching pattern with a prominent articular ramus of the inferior gluteal artery in a 39-year-old Korean male cadaver, whose cause of death was rectal carcinoma. The inferior gluteal artery branches off downwards at a time, the muscular rami ran in parallel with one another, and the articular ramus gave another muscular branch and has an anastomosis with the medial circumflex femoral artery. Knowledge of vascular variations in the gluteal region may give useful information of versatile flaps for reconstruction and the prominent articular ramus found in this case is good enough to consider the existence of the anastomosis between the medial circumflex femoral artery and the inferior gluteal artery as normal, not rudimentary

Feasibility of cervical dorsal rami nerve block in posterior approach of cervical vertebra operation / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To probe the validity and security of cervical dorsal rand nerve block in posterior approach of cervical vertebra surgery.Methods Eighty-six adults ASA class I-II patients undergohag posterior approach of cervical spine operation randomized equally to cervical dorsal rami nerve block group (group I )and partial infiltration anesthesia group (group II ).In group I ,according to regional anatomy characteristic of the nerve and by means of preopomtively measuring the cervical vertebra X -ray,the body surface projection of articular process joint waist of cervical vertebra were calibrated.Away 3 cm from latter median line,percutaneous puncture via 45° angle relative into sagittal plane ,adopting long 8 cm 7# needle and anesthetic to block ~e surgical incision corresponding bilateral dorsal rami nerves.In group II,using traditional local infiltration anesthesia.The effect and response time of anesthesia,influence on breathing and hemodynamics or pulse oxygen saturation,visual analogue score( VAS ) and calmed grade postoperatively and adverse reaction were observed and recorded.Results The anesthesia excellent rate (74%) in group I was obviously higher than that(42%) in group II (P ＜ 0.05 ).The surgeries average time in group I was less than that in group II,but no statistical significance (P＞ 0.05).The average dose of anesthetic in group I was obviously lower than that in group II (P ＜ 0.01 ).The mean arterial pressure elevated after anesthesia in both groups,and in group I was significantly lower than that in group lI (P ＜ 0.05 ).The SpO2 of both ＞ 95%.Calmed grade and VAS at 24 and 48 h postoperatively were significantly lower in group I than that in group II (P＜ 0.05).There was no adverse reactions.Conclusions Compared to other anesthesia methods in posterior approach of cervical vertebra surgery,the method of cervical dorsal rami nerve block has so undermentioned dominances: simple,less anesthetic,exact effect of anesthesia,light influence on breathing and hemeodynamies and lower injury of spinal cord or spinal nerve root that the method is safe and feasible.

Determination of the False Positive Rate of Uncontrolled Diagnostic Block for Lumbar Medial Branch of Dorsal Rami / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Patients without genuine zygapophysial joint pain exhibit a positive response to uncontrolled diagnostic blocks. We determined the false positive rate of single uncontrolled diagnostic zygapophysial joint block in patients with chronic back pain. METHOD: Thirty-five patients with chronic lower back pain were studied prospectively. All patients underwent a series of medial branch of dorsal rami blocks with lidocaine and bupivacaine starting at the symptomatic level to a maximum of three levels or until the pain was abolished. RESULTS: All patients proceeded with the injections. 16 patients (45%) had a definite or greater response to the initial lidocaine injection at one or more levels but only 5 (14%) had a 50% or greater response to a confirmatory injection of 0.5% bupivacaine. Using the confirmatory blocks as the criterion standard, the false positive rate of uncontrolled diagnostic blocks was 37% and the positive predictive value was only 31%. CONCLUSION: Uncontrolled diagnostic blocks may be unreliable for the diagnosis of lumbar zygapophysial joint pain.

Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation for Cervical Rami Dorsales for the Patients with Headache of Cervical Origin / 中国康复理论与实践

@#The purpose of this study was to observe the neuromechanism and clinical effects of percu-taneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation cervical rarmi dorsales for the patients with headache of cervical origin. 16 patients were selected for the present study.Excellent result was obtained in thirteen cases.It is suggested that there was a close relationship between the injury of the cervical rami dorsales and headache of cervical origin,Radiofrequency thermocoagulation cervical rami dorsales plays a positive role in the treat-ment of headache of cervical origin.