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2.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 21(1): 18-28, ene.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013895

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Dentro de los tubérculos andinos de mayor importancia, después de la papa, se encuentra la ibia (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.) ya que constituye un alimento básico para las comunidades campesinas. Boyacá es uno de los departamentos de Colombia, en donde todavía existe la tradición de cultivar y consumir tubérculos como los cubios, ullucus y rubas o ibias, sin embargo están amenazados por la erosión genética. No existen estudios sobre estos recursos fitogenéticos en Boyacá, por lo cual el objetivo de esta investigación fue colectar y caracterizar morfológica y molecularmente materiales de ibias en este departamento. El análisis morfológico mostró que las características más discriminantes fueron: color de los tallos aéreos, pigmentación de las axilas, color del follaje, color de la flor, color del pedúnculo y pedicelo, color predominante de la superficie del tubérculo, color secundario de la superficie del tubérculo, color predominante y secundario de la pulpa, distribución del color secundario de la pulpa y forma de los tubérculos. El análisis de similitud diferenció a los materiales en dos grandes grupos, de acuerdo principalmente a características morfológicas como el color y hábito de floración. El valor de heterocigosidad promedio para la población total fue de 0.39 el cual se considera alto al compararse con otros estudios de diversidad genética en ibias. El análisis de varianza molecular y el Fst (coeficiente de diferenciación genética) muestran que existe una alta variabilidad genética entre los materiales de ibias evaluados la cual debe ser conservada y aprovechada dentro de futuros programas de mejoramiento.


ABSTRACT Among the most important Andean tubers, after potato, is the ibia (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.) because it is a staple food for peasant communities. Boyacá in one of the departments of Colombia, where there is still tradition to grow and consume tubers like cubios, ullucus and rubas or ibias; however, they are threatened by genetic erosion. There are no studies on these plant genetic resources in Boyacá, therefore the goal of this research was to collect and morphological and molecularly characterize ibias in this department. Morphological analysis showed that the most discriminate characteristic were color aerial stems, pigmentation armpits, foliage color, flower color, color peduncle and pedicel, predominant color of the tuber surface, secondary color of the surface tuber, dominant and secondary color of the pulp, distribution of secondary pulp color and shape of tubers. The similarity analysis discriminate the materials in two groups according mainly to morphological characteristics such as color and flowering habit. The value of average heterozygosity for the total population was 0.39, which is considered high when compared with other studies of genetic diversity in ibias. The analysis of molecular variance and Fst (coefficient of genetic differentiation) show that existed a high genetic variability among the ibias evaluated which it should be maintained and exploited in future breeding programs of Andean tubers.

3.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 54(1): 36-47, 2017. tab., graf.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-846498

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of severe extreme thermal stress on the respiratory rate (panting) of unsheared and sheared rams in standing and lying position, and to analyse two temperature-humidity indices (THIs). Six mature Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia, three unshorn and three shorn, were subjected to 40 hours (8 hours each day for five days) of gradual increase in temperature from 25°C to 40°C, guaranteeing 4h daily at 40°C in a heat chamber. Respiratory rate (RR) was registered continuously by counting flank movements, and the ambient air temperature and relative humidity were recorded every five minutes inside the heat chamber. From 1413 RR measurements, descriptive and modelling analyses were performed. Panting as a response variable was distributed into five categories, and fixed effects such as THI, wool (unshorn/shorn), and position (standing/lying) were considered. No significant differences were observed between the panting score in the unshorn (standing or lying) and standing (unshorn or shorn) sheep, but significant differences were observed in shorn and lying rams. The explanations could be that heat production from muscle activity was lower and the transfer and heat lost by conduction to the floor was easier in the rams with shorter fleece (at least 0.7 inches long). However, in the unshorn rams, their wool acted as an insulator, both with air as well as the floor. Australian Merino rams from Northern Patagonia are heat tolerant to an environment between 31.5°C and 42°C, and 32% to 48% humidity for 40 hours over five days. The rams were in the first phase of panting, and the normal rectal temperatures registered daily when leaving the heat chamber confirmed that regulation of body temperature was possible. The LPHSI's THI was adjusted to improve the analysis of the RR more than the National Research Council's THI.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito do estresse térmico extremamente severo sobre a frequência respiratória (ofego) em carneiros com lã e tosquiados, em pé ou deitados, e analisar dois índices de temperatura e umidade (ITU). Seis carneiros Merino Australiano da Patagônia Norte, três com lã e três tosquiados, foram expostos durante 40 horas a aumento gradual de temperatura de 25 a 40°C (oito horas durante cinco dias), garantindo quatro horas diárias a 40°C em uma câmara de calor. A frequência respiratória foi registrada continuamente mediante a contagem dos movimentos do flanco. A temperatura e a umidade relativa ambiente foram registradas a cada cinco minutos dentro da câmara. A partir de 1.413 frequências respiratórias registradas, uma análise descritiva foi realizada e um modelo calculado. A variável de resposta do ofego foi dividida em cinco categorias e os efeitos fixos considerados foram: ITU, lã (com lã ou tosquiado) e posição (em pé ou deitado). Não se observaram diferenças significativas nas frequências de ofego nos carneiros com lã (em pé ou deitados) nem entre os carneiros em pé (com lã e tosquiados), mas foram observadas diferenças significativas nos carneiros tosquiados deitados. Essas diferenças podem ser atribuídas à perda de calor com o solo, facilitada nos carneiros com mecha mais curta (pelo menos 1,8 cm), e à baixa produção de calor de atividade de músculo. Nos carneiros lanados, a lã atua como isolante tanto com o ar quanto com o solo. Os carneiros Merino Australianos do Norte da Patagônia foram adaptados a temperaturas ambiente entre 31,5 e 42°C e 32 e 48% de umidade durante 40 horas em cinco dias. Os carneiros permaneceram na primeira fase do ofego e as temperaturas retais diárias, que se registraram ao deixar a câmara de calor, permaneceram dentro da normalidade, o que demonstra que eles puderam regular a temperatura corporal. Além disso, foram analisados comparativamente os ajustes à frequência respiratória dos ITUs: LPHSI e National Research Council.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Heat Stress Disorders/veterinary , Respiratory Rate , Sheep/physiology , Hot Temperature
4.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 36(5): 363-372, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787584

ABSTRACT

The distribution of cells involved in the immune response in accessory sex glands of rams experimentally infected with Actinobacillus seminis was studied. Twelve one-year old rams were experimentally infected by intraurethral (IU) (n=4) and intraepididymal (IE) (n=4) route, and four control (CON) animals were used. The animals were slaughtered 35 days post-inoculation, samples were taken from accessory sex glands, and bacteriology and histopathology tests were performed. The presence of CD4, CD8 and TCRγδ (WC1) lymphocytes, CD45RO cells, macrophages (CD14), dendritic cells (CD1b), IgA-, IgG- and IgM-containing cells (IgCC) was determined. Animals of the IE group developed clinical epididymitis. No lesions were seen in rams of the IU group; two of the intraepididymal inoculated CON developed small lesions in the epididymis. A. seminis isolates were achieved from 6:16 (37.5%) accessory sex glands in the IE group, but not in the IU and CON groups. In the CON group, IgA- and IgM- containing cells predominated in the bulbourethral glands and the disseminated prostate, and they were scarce or null in the vesicles and ampullae. A significant increase of IgA-, IgG- and IgM- containing cells was confirmed in the seminal vesicles, the ampullae and the bulbourethral glands in the IE group. In the IE and IU groups, an increase in CD4, CD8, WC1, CD45RO and CD14 was evidenced in the vesicles and ampullae. CD1b dendritic cells were present in the ampullae and vesicles with inflammatory processes. A. seminis triggered a local immune response in the IE and IU groups. These results indicate a different pattern of infiltrating immune cells in the accessory sex glands of infected A. seminis rams.


A distribuição das células envolvidas na resposta imune em glândulas sexuais acessórias de carneiros experimentalmente infectados com Actinobacillus seminis foi estudada. Doze carneiros de um ano de idade foram experimentalmente infectados via intrauretral (IU) (n=4) e via intraepididimal (IE) (n=4) e quatro animais controles (CON) foram utilizados. Os animais foram abatidos 35 dias após a inoculação, amostras foram retiradas das glândulas sexuais acessórias e testes bacteriológicos e histopatológicos foram realizados. A presença de linfócitos CD4, CD8 e TCRγδ (WC1), células CD45RO, macrófagos (CD14), células dendríticas (CD1b) e células contendo IgA, IgG and IgM (IgCC) foi determinada. Os animais do grupo IE desenvolveram epididimite clínica. Não foram visualizadas lesões nos carneiros do grupo IU, dois dos CON inoculados intraepididimalmente desenvolveram pequenas lesões no epidídimo. Isolados de A. seminis foram obtidos de 6:16 (37,5%) nas glândulas sexuais acessórias no grupo IE mas não nos grupos IU e CON. No grupo CON células contendo IgA and IgM predominaram nas glândulas bulbouretrais e na próstata e foram escassas ou ausentes nas vesículas e na ampola. Um incremento significativo de células contendo IgA, IgG and IgM foi confirmado nas vesículas seminais, na ampola e nas glândulas bulbouretrais no grupo IE. Nos grupos IE e IU foi evidenciado um aumento em CD4, CD8, WC1, CD45RO e CD14 nas vesículas e ampola. As células dendríticas CD1b estavam presentes na ampola e nas vesículas com processo inflamatório. A. seminis induziu uma resposta imune local nos grupos IE e IU. Estes resultados indicam um padrão diferente de células imunes infiltrantes nas glândulas sexuais acessórias de carneiros infectados por A. seminis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antibody-Producing Cells , Actinobacillus seminis/pathogenicity , Seminal Vesicles/immunology , Lymphocytes , Macrophages , Sheep/immunology , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Fluorescent Antibody Technique/veterinary , Urogenital System/physiopathology
5.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 17(1): 61-69, ene.-jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-751190

ABSTRACT

Se seleccionó una muestra de 41 materiales de Prunus de la colección de caducifolios de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, para evaluar su variabilidad genética usando ocho marcadores Microsatélites Amplificados al Azar (RAMs). Se generaron un total de 121 alelos con pesos moleculares entre 260 y 1000 Kb. Se formaron tres grupos, a un coeficiente de similitud de 0.75, de acuerdo a las características del fruto y a la especie, encontrándose en el grupo II a los materiales de ciruelo. El porcentaje de loci polimórficos varío entre 71 y 99% para los cebadores CGA y CCA, respectivamente. El valor promedio de heterocigosidad fue de 0.22, mucho más bajo que los encontrados en otros estudios de diversidad genética en el género Prunus. La técnica RAMs mostró ser una herramienta útil para evaluar la diversidad genética en frutales caducifolios, al discriminar a los materiales en tres grupos e identificar el alto grado de consanguinidad que existe entre las diferentes especies de Prunus lo cual debe ser aprovechado dentro de las estrategias de hibridación que busquen la obtención de nuevos y mejores materiales.


A sample of 41 Prunus materials from the deciduous collection of the Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia was selected to evaluate its genetic diversity using eight primers for Random Amplified Microsatellite (RAMs). A total of 121 alleles were generated with molecular weights ranging between 260 and 1000 Kb. Three groups were formed, a similarity coefficient of 0.75, according to fruit characteristics and specie, found plum materials in group II. The percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 71 to 99% for the primers CGA and CCA, respectively. The average value of heterozygosity was 0.33, much lower than values found in other genetic diversity studies in the genus Prunus. The RAMs technique showed to be a useful tool for assessing genetic diversity in deciduous fruit, discriminate the materials into three groups and identify the high degree of consanguinity between different Prunus species which should be exploited in hybridization strategies looking for obtaining new and improved materials.

6.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 34(7): 709-715, jul. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-720449

ABSTRACT

Foram utilizados 42 ovinos sem raça definida, divididos segundo a configuração escrotal. Destes animais, 12 foram utilizados na investigação da biometria testicular e histologia da pele escrotal. Os demais foram destinados ao estudo do funículo espermático. Os animais foram agrupados em um grupo de 21 animais sem bipartição escrotal (GEI) e 21 com bipartição escrotal, (GEII), esta não atingindo 50% do comprimento do eixo longitudinal do escroto. Em cada grupo, em 6 animais foram coletados fragmentos da pele do escroto e em 5 do funículo espermáticos, e processados em rotina histológica e analisados em microscopia de luz; e em 10 foram injetados látex na artéria testicular para obtenção de moldes vasculares e obtenção do comprimento da artéria. Quando comparados os grupos GEI e GEII, não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas (p<0,05) entre a espessura do escroto (epiderme e derme), constituição histológica da pele escrotal, número de glândulas sudoríparas por área, comprimento do funículo espermático ou parâmetros biométricos testiculares. Entretanto, o comprimento total das artérias testiculares do GEI foi maior do que o GEII (p<0,05). Concluiu-se, com base nos parâmetros morfológicos analisados, que a bipartição escrotal em ovinos não influenciou na estrutura da pele, funículo ou biometria testicular quando comparado aos animais que não apresentavam esta característica. Outros estudos merecem atenção para desmistificar o porquê do aparecimento dessa característica em ovinos e se esta característica é ou não desejável para melhoria na produção desses animais em regiões de clima quente.


Forty-two crossbred rams were used, divided according to their scrotal configuration. Twelve of these animals were used to investigate the testicular biometry and scrotal skin histology. The other animals were used to study the spermatic cord. The animals were placed in a group of 21 animals without scrotal bipartition (GEI) and another with scrotal bipartition (GEII) which did not reach 50% of the length of the scrotum's longitudinal axis. In each group, scrotal skin fragments from six rams and spermatic cord fragments from 5 others were collected, processed by routine histological tests and analyzed with a microscope. In 10 rams latex was injected into the testicular artery to obtain vascular molds and the artery length. Comparison of groups GEI and GEII showed no significant statistical differences (p<0.05) between scrotal thickness (epidermis and dermis), histological constituency of the scrotal skin, number of sudoriferous glands per area, scrotal bipartition length or testicular biometric parameters. However, the total length of the testicular arteries of GEI was greater than of GEII (p<0.05). It was concluded from the morphological parameters analyzed that scrotal bipartition in rams did not influence the skin structure, scrotal bipartition or testicular biometry when compared with animals that did not present this characteristic. Further studies should be carried out to elucidate the appearance of this characteristic in rams and whether it is desirable or not for improved production of these animals in warm climate regions.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Spermatic Cord/anatomy & histology , Scrotum/anatomy & histology , Sheep/anatomy & histology , Body Temperature Regulation/physiology , Genitalia, Male/anatomy & histology , Testis/anatomy & histology
7.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 34(3): 270-276, mar. 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709877

ABSTRACT

The pathogens of the reproductive system in the male can penetrate and establish by ascending route, from to the prepuce to the urethra, accessory glands, epididymis and testicles. The aim of this paper is determine the distribution and number of cells involved in the immune response in prepuce and pelvic urethra of rams, without apparent clinical alterations in testicle, epididymis and prepuce. [...] Significant differences were found in the total number of CD4, CD45RO, and WC1 lymphocytes, in CD14 macrophages, and CD1b dendritic cells, with mean values being greater in the fornix than in the urethra (p<0.05) in all cases. Only dendritic cells were found in the prepuce. No differences were found in the number of CD8 lymphocytes between both organs. The ratio between each cell type in the connective and the intraepithelial tissues and between organs was 10/1 for CD4 in the fornix (p<0.05), against 7/1 in the urethra (p<0.05), while CD8 had a 1/1 distribution in both mucosae. The WC1 ratio was 5/1 in both mucosae (p<0.05). CD45RO labeling was 19/1 in the prepuce (p<0.05) and 1/1 in the urethra. IgA-containing cells did not show differences in the total number of cells in both tissues. In the urethra, no IgG-containing cells were observed and IgM-containing cells were scarce; in contrast, both cell types were present in the prepuce, in amounts greater than in the urethra (p<0.05). IgA-, IgG-, and IgM-containing cells were located in both organs in the mucosal connective tissue. The presence of antigen-presenting cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as of lymphocytes CD4, CD8 TCR γδ (WC1), IgA-, IgG and IgM positive cells, and CD45RO cells suggests that both mucosae may behave as inductive and effector sites for the mucosal immune response.


Os patógenos do aparelho reprodutor do macho podem penetrar e se estabelecer por via ascendente, a partir do prepúcio à uretra, glándulas anexas, epidídimo e testículos. Neste trabalho foi quantificada a distribuição de algumas das células envolvidas na resposta imune, em nível de prepúcio e uretra pélvica, em quatro carneiros de um ano de idade, sem lesões aparentes no testículo, no epidídimo e no prepúcio.[...] Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no número de linfocitos CD8 entre ambos os orgãos. A relação entre cada tipo celular no tecido conectivo e intra-epitelial e entre os diferentes órgãos, resultou para CD4 10/1 no prepúcio (p<0.05), contra 7/1 na uretra (p<0.05), entretanto os CD8 se distribuíram 1/1 em ambas as mucosas, não sendo significativa as diferenças. Os WC1 foram observados na relação 5/1 em ambas as mucosas (p<0.05). A célula CD45RO, no prepucio, foi observada de 19/1(p<0.05) e na uretra de 1/1, não sendo um resultado significativo. As CC-IgA não mostraram diferença significativa no total de células em ambos os tecidos. Na uretra não foram observadas as CC-IgG, e as CC-IgM foram escassas; em contrapartida, ambos os tipos celulares foram observadas no prepucio, em quantidades menores que na uretra (p<0.05). As CC-IgA, IgG e IgM foram observadas em ambos os tecidos conectivos da mucosa. A presença de células apresentadoras de antígenos, macrófagoss e células dendríticas, assim como de linfócitos CD4, CD8. TCR γδ (WC1), CC-IgA, IgG e IgM e células CD45RO, determinam que ambas as mucosas podem se comportar como locais de indução e promoção da resposta imune das mucosas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Foreskin , Immunity, Mucosal/physiology , Sheep/immunology , Urethra , Antigens, CD/isolation & purification , Noxae
8.
Int. j. morphol ; 31(4): 1376-1382, Dec. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702320

ABSTRACT

Body size and testicular measurements have been found to be important parameters utilized in breeding soundness evaluation. The present study therefore, aimed at determining the relationship between body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), testicular length (TL), testicular diameter (TD) and scrotal circumference (SC) in 120 extensively reared Yankasa rams (approximately 30 months old) using linear, quadratic and cubic predictive models. Coefficient of determination (R2), Adjusted R2, the estimate of Mallows' Cp, RMSE (Root mean squares error) and the parsimony principle (p=number of parameters) were used to compare the efficiency of the different models. Strong Pearson's correlation coefficients (r = 0.83-0.94; P<0.01) were found between BW, TL, TD and SC. Spearman correlations between BCS and other variables were also highly significant (r = 0.78-0.85; P<0.01). SC was the sole variable of utmost importance in estimating BW, which was best predicted using the cubic model. However, the optimal model for BW prediction comprised TD, SC and BCS with p, R2, Adjusted R2, RMSE and Cp values of 4, 0.948, 0.946, 1.673 and 4.85, respectively. The present findings could be exploited in husbandry and selection of breeding stock for sustainable sheep production especially within the resource-poor farming system under tropical and subtropical conditions.


El tamaño corporal y las mediciones testiculares son importantes parámetros utilizados en la evaluación del buen estado de reproducción. El presente estudio, tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre el peso corporal (PC), score de condición corporal (SCC), longitud testicular (LT), diámetro testicular (DT) y la circunferencia escrotal (CE) en 120 carneros Yankasa criados extensivamente (aproximadamente 30 meses de edad), utilizando modelos predictivos lineales, cuadráticos y cúbicos. Se utilizaron el coeficiente de determinación (R2), R2 ajustado, estimación Cp de Mallows, ERCM (errores de raíz cuadrada media) y el principio de parsimonia (p = número de parámetros) para comparar la eficiencia de los diferentes modelos. Un fuerte coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r= 0,83-0,94, p<0,01 ) se encontró entre PC, LT, DT y CE. Las correlaciones de Spearman entre SCC y otras variables también fueron altamente significativas (r= 0,78-0,85, p<0,01). La CE fue la única variable de suma importancia en la estimación de PC, que fue predicha de mejor manera utilizando el modelo cúbico. Sin embargo, el modelo óptimo para la predicción del PC comprendiendo DT, CE y SCC con valores p, R2, R2 ajustado, ERCM y Cp de Mallows de 4; 0,948; 0,946; 1,673 y 4,85, respectivamente. Los presentes hallazgos podrían ser explotados en la cría y selección del ganado de cría para la producción sostenible de ovejas, en especial dentro de sistemas con escasos recursos agrícolas bajo condiciones tropicales y subtropicales.


Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Body Weight , Sheep/anatomy & histology , Testis/anatomy & histology , Scrotum/anatomy & histology , Linear Models
9.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(8): 989-991, ago. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-686075

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se com esse estudo detectar o DNA genômico de T. gondii em amostras de testículo e epidídimo de ovinos comercializados em abatedouros do Estado de Pernambuco Região Nordeste do Brasil. Foram coletadas 50 amostras de soro sanguíneo, 50 amostras de testículos e 50 de epidídimos. Para a triagem dos animais foi utilizada a técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e posteriormente empregou-se a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) nos animais positivos na sorologia. Observou-se 24% (12/50) dos animais positivos na RIFI e o DNA genômico foi detectado no epidídimo em 8,3% (1/12) das amostras. A identidade molecular dos produtos amplificados foi confirmada por sequenciamento. Relata-se a primeira ocorrência da presença do DNA de T. gondii em órgãos do sistema reprodutivo de carneiros naturalmente infectados no Brasil.


The aim of the study was to detect genomic DNA of Toxoplasma gondii in testicle and epididymis samples from rams sold in abattoirs in the state of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. Fifty (50) blood serum samples were collected, as well as 50 testicle and epididymis samples. Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF) was used during screening of the rams. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used with animals that were positive in serology. Our results confirmed that 24% (12/50) of the rams were positive in IIF. Genomic DNA was detected in the epididymis at 8.3% (1/12) of the animals. The molecular identity of the amplified products was confirmed through sequencing. This paper reports the first occurrence of T. gondii DNA in the reproductive organs of naturally infected rams in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Animals , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Toxoplasma/pathogenicity , Sheep/classification
10.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 12(3): 238-242, mayo 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723570

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of maca (Lepidium meyenii) supplementation on some libido and semen characteristics of hair sheep rams (Ovis aries). Thirty 15-months old Saint croix males were fed either a control diet (concentrate feed; n=15) for 16 weeks or a maca supplemented diet (233 mg dried hypocotyls of black maca/kg body weight/day added to the concentrate feed) for 8 weeks, followed by 8 weeks without maca supplementation (n=15). Maca supplementation increased (P<0.05) the number of mounts and ejaculations decreasing the time between these events, at the end of week eight. However, no difference was found on reaction time, time until 1st ejaculation, testes circumference, ejaculation volume, sperm concentration and ram efficiency (mounts/ejaculations). These effects persisted 8 weeks later after no supplementation. It was concluded that maca consumption improves some mating behaviors in hair sheep rams, while semen characteristics appeared unaffected.


El propósito del presente estudio fue el evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con maca (Lepidium meyenii) sobre la libido y características del semen de carneros de pelo (Ovis aries). Treinta machos Santa cruz con 15 meses de edad se alimentaron con una dieta control (alimento concentrado; n=15) durante 16 semanas o con una dieta suplementada con maca (233 mg de hipocótilos secos de maca negra/kg de peso vivo/día, integrados al alimento concentrado) durante 8 semanas, seguidas de 8 semanas sin suplementación de maca (n=15). La suplementación con maca incrementó (P<0.05) el número de montas y eyaculados disminuyendo el tiempo entre estos eventos al final de la semana ocho. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias en el tiempo de reacción, tiempo al 1er eyaculado, circunferencia escrotal, volumen del eyaculado, concentración espermática ni eficiencia del carnero (montas/eyaculaciones). Efectos que persistieron ocho semanas después, sin suplementación alguna. Se concluye que el consumo de maca incrementa las conductas de cópula en los carneros de pelo, mientras que las características de semen parecen sin cambios.


Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Lepidium/chemistry , Libido , Sheep/physiology , Ejaculation , Sexual Behavior, Animal , Semen , Time Factors
11.
Int. j. morphol ; 28(2): 533-536, June 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-577150

ABSTRACT

Morphometric studies were carried out on the horns of 60 Uda rams. The mean values for the relative horn weight, weights of the right and left horns were 0.67 percent, 219.5g and 208g respectively. The mean values for the lengths of the right and left horns and the horn base circumference were 25.6cm, 27.4cm and 17.4cm respectively. There were significant differences (p< 0.05) between the lengths of the right and left horns; and between the weights of the right and left horns. There were also strong positive correlations between the body weight of the animals and the length of the horns. A graph of the length of the right horn against the body weight of the animals with a significant deviation from zero at 95 percent confidence intervals yielded a slope value of 0.4535, being an index that can be used to estimate the approximate body weight of a ram once the length of the right horn is known. This index, the first of its kind in literature, is therefore named the body weight-horn length (BWHL) index. The results obtained in this study will serve as valuable tools in weight estimation in animal management and drug administration in Veterinary clinical practice. It also provides a baseline data on the horns of Uda rams and a template for comparative regional anatomy of the horns of ruminants.


Se llevaron a cabo estudios morfométricos en los cuernos de 60 carneros Uda. Los valores promedio para el peso relativo de los cuernos y el peso de los cuernos derecho e izquierdo fueron: 0,67 por ciento, 219,5g y 208g, respectivamente. Los valores medios de las longitudes de los cuernos derecho e izquierdo y la circunferencia de la base del cuerno fueron: 25,6cm, 27,4 cm y 17,4 cm, respectivamente. Hubo diferencias significativas (p <0,05) entre la longitud de los cuernos y entre los pesos de los cuernos derechos e izquierdos. También hubo fuertes correlaciones positivas entre el peso corporal de los animales y la longitud de los cuernos. Un gráfico de la longitud del cuerno derecho contra el peso corporal de los animales con una desviación significativa de cero al 95 por ciento de confiabilidad arrojó un valor pendiente de 0,4535, que es un índice que se puede utilizar para estimar el peso corporal aproximado de un carnero una vez que la longitud del cuerno derecho se conoce. Este índice, es el primero de su tipo en la literatura. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio servirán como una herramienta valiosa en la estimación del peso de los animales y en la gestión de la administración del fármaco en la práctica clínica veterinaria. También proporciona una información de referencia sobre los cuernos de los carneros Uda y una plantilla para la anatomía comparativa regional de los cuernos de los rumiantes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Body Weight , Horns/anatomy & histology , Sheep/anatomy & histology , Anatomy, Veterinary , Nigeria
12.
Vet. Méx ; 40(2): 123-131, abr.-jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-632916

ABSTRACT

Importation of rams of high genetic value is a common practice in Mexico; nevertheless, reproductive variables of imported animals have not been followed along. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive function of Suffolk rams along their first reproductive season in Mexico (October to February). The behavior of values of scrotal circumference, sperm count and morphology, and circulating testosterone in Suffolk ram during its first reproductive season in Mexico are in line with the ones reported for Suffolk rams in other latitudes; however, in Mexico such changes are lower in magnitude. Neuroendocrine-reproductive changes induced by environmental stimuli such as changes in duration of light-dark cycles have been broadly documented and are accepted as inducers of seasonal changes in the ram's behavior. In this work, both testosterone concentration and sperm production were observed in December. These results show that Suffolk ram imported to Mexico maintain their cyclic testicular function, although it has a lower magnitude than in other latitudes. Causes of this condition are unknown, but they may be related to changes in the duration of the light-dark cycles prevailing in Mexico.


La importación de sementales de alto valor genético ha sido una estrategia común en México. Sin embargo, debido a que no se le ha dado seguimiento al desempeño reproductivo de tales sementales se llevó a cabo el presente trabajo para realizarlo en sementales Suffolk durante su primera época reproductiva en México (octubre a febrero). El comportamiento de los valores de la circunferencia escrotal, la cuenta y la morfología espermática, así como las concentraciones circulantes de testosterona de los sementales Suffolk durante su primera época reproductiva en México, coinciden con las que se notifican en la literatura para esos animales en otras latitudes, aunque en México son de menor magnitud. Los cambios neuroendocrinos-reproductivos derivados de los estímulos ambientales, como las variaciones en la duración de los ciclos luz-oscuridad, han sido ampliamente documentados y se aceptan como responsables de los cambios estacionales en el comportamiento reproductivo de los carneros. En este trabajo, la mayor concentración de testosterona, así como la mayor producción de espermatozoides se observó en diciembre. Estos resultados indican que los sementales Suffolk importados son capaces de mantener su función testicular cíclica, aunque ésta se manifiesta con menor magnitud que en otras latitudes. Se desconocen las causas de este comportamiento, aunque pueden estar relacionadas con los cambios en la duración de los ciclos luz-oscuridad que ocurren en México.

13.
Ciênc. rural ; 39(2): 484-489, mar.-abr. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-508110

ABSTRACT

Neste estudo foi determinada a prevalência de anticorpos contra o vírus da língua azul em carneiros das mesorregiões do Sertão e da Borborema, semi-árido do Estado da Paraíba, bem como foram identificados os fatores de risco associados à infecção. A amostragem foi delineada para a determinação da prevalência de propriedades positivas (focos) e de animais soropositivos por mesorregião. Foi realizada uma seleção aleatória de unidades primárias, composta por 189 propriedades no Sertão e 100 propriedades na Borborema. Dentro das unidades primárias, foram amostrados todos os carneiros (unidades secundárias), resultando em 321 animais no Sertão e 185 na Borborema. Na ocasião da coleta, foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico por propriedade. Para o diagnóstico sorológico, foi utilizada a prova de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA), com antígeno produzido na Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais). Uma propriedade foi considerada foco quando apresentou pelo menos um animal soropositivo. Na mesorregião do Sertão, as prevalências de focos e de animais soropositivos foram de 11,6 por cento [7,8 por cento - 17,1 por cento] e 8,4 por cento [5,7 por cento - 12,3 por cento], respectivamente. Na mesorregião da Borborema, a prevalência de focos foi de 0,0 por cento [0,0 por cento - 3,6 por cento] e a prevalência de animais soropositivos foi de 0,0 por cento [0,0 por cento - 2,0 por cento]. Os fatores de risco associados à língua azul foram a não realização de higiene das instalações (OR = 5,51) e a vermifugação dos animais duas a quatro vezes ao ano (OR = 4,44).


The prevalence of antibodies against Bluetongue virus in rams of the Sertão and Borborema mesoregions, semi-arid of the Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil, was determined, and risk factors for the infection were identified. The sampling was delineated for the determination of the prevalence of positive herds and seropositive animals for each mesoregion. Herds (primary units) were randomly selected in the Sertão mesoregion (n = 189) and in the Borborema mesoregion (n = 100). Within the primary units, all rams (secondary units) were sampled, resulting in 321 animals of the Sertão mesoregion and in 185 animals of the Borborema mesoregion. During collection, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to each herd. For serological diagnosis, the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) with antigen produced in the School of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Minas Gerais was carried out. Herds with at least one positive animal were considered positive. In Sertão mesoregion, the prevalence of positive herds and seropositive animals were 11.6 percent [7.8 percent - 17.1 percent] and 8.4 percent [5.7 percent - 12.3 percent], respectively. In Borborema mesoregion, the prevalence of positive herds was 0.0 percent [0.0 percent - 3.6 percent] and the prevalence of seropositive animals was 0.0 percent [0.0 percent - 2.0 percent]. The risk factors associated with Bluetongue were lack of cleaning and disinfection of facilities (OR = 5.51), and administration of anti-parasitic treatment twice to four times per year (OR = 4.44).


Subject(s)
Animals , Bluetongue , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Risk Factors , Sheep
14.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 59(5): 1110-1116, out. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-471190

ABSTRACT

The gross and histological examinations of testis and epididymis of 53 crossbred hairy rams in the semi-arid region of Piaui State showed 34 (64.1 percent) animals with pathologic changes: one animal presented (1.9 percent) testicle hipoplasia; 35 (66 percent) degenerative changes, being 13 (24.5 percent) related to testicular degeneration, three (5.7 percent) to intraepithelial cysts in the epididymal epithelia and 19 (35.8 percent) to retention cysts in the epididymis; 11 (20.7 percent) inflammatory alterations, being five (9.4 percent) related to epididymitis, four (7.5 percent) to orchitis and two (3.8 percent) to spermatic granulomas. The animals with hypoplasic testicle, testicular degeneration and inflammatory alterations were classified as sub-fertile


Os exames macroscópico e microscópico de testículos e epidídimos de 53 ovinos deslanados da região semi-árida do estado do Piauí revelaram34 (64,1 por cento) animais acometidos por processos patológicos, assim distribuídos: um animal (1,9 por cento) apresentou hipoplasia testicular, 35 (66,0 por cento) mostraram alterações degenerativas, sendo 13 (24,5 por cento) casos de degeneração testicular, três (5,7 por cento) de cisto intraepitelial no epidídimo e 19 (35,8 por cento) de cisto de retenção congênita no epidídimo; 11 (20,7 por cento) de alterações inflamatórias, sendo cinco (9,4 por cento) de epididimite, quatro (7,5 por cento) de orquite e dois (3,8 por cento) de granuloma espermático. Os animais com hipoplasia testicular, degeneração testicular e alterações inflamatórias foram classificados como subférteis


Subject(s)
Animals , Testicular Diseases/physiopathology , Testicular Diseases/veterinary , Epididymis/pathology , Sheep , Testis/pathology
15.
Arch. venez. farmacol. ter ; 23(1): 50-53, 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630341

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio de tipo prospectivo descriptivo en 84 pacientes en quienes se determinaron las reacciones adversas (RAM´s) tras la administración IV de alguno de los siguientes agonistas adrenérgicos: noradrenalina (0,5 my/kg/min.), adrenalina (0,1my/kg/min), dopamina (3my/kg/min.) y dobutamina (5my/kg/min.). Se utilizó como instrumento de registro de las RAM´s la Hoja Amarilla de CEVIFARE. Se procedió a la identificación de las RAM´s por su tipo, severidad y causalidad. El 83,33% de los pacientes presentaron RAM´s, siendo las más frecuentes: taquicardia (47,61%), palidez (23,80%), hipertensión (11,90%) y arritmias (7,14%). Todas las RAM´s fueron del tipo A, el 50% leves, 40% moderadas y 10% graves. El 100% de las RAM´s analizadas fueron probadas. Aunque los agonistas adrenérgicos estudiados resultaron ser seguros, la adrenalina tiene el riesgo de producir necrosis tisular distal, por lo cual el papel de la Enfermera(o) que practica la farmacovigilancia es prevenir o disminuir la posibilidad de aparición de RAM´s en los pacientes a su cuidado.


A descriptive study was made in 84 patients to determined adverse drugs reactions (DAR) during the IV treatment with some of the following adrenergic agonists: norepinephrine (0,5mu/kg/min), epinephrine (0.1mu/kg/min), dopamine (3mu/kg/min.) and dobutamine (5mu/kg/min). The Yellow Card of CEVIFARE was used as the instrument for registry of the DAR. DAR were analyzed by its type, severity and causality. 83.33% of the patients had DAR, being most frequent: tachycardia (47,61%), pallor (23,80%), hypertension (11,90%) and arrhythmias (7,14%). All the DAR were type A, mild 50%, moderate 40% and serious 10%. 100% of DAR analyzed were proved. Although the adrenergic agonists turned out to be safe, the epinephrine has the risk of producing distal necrosis, thus the Nursing role in practicing pharmacovigilance is to prevent or to diminish the possibility of appearance of DAR in the patients under her care.

16.
Mycobiology ; : 43-47, 2001.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-729839

ABSTRACT

Genetic diversity of 21 Korean Phytophthora capsici isolates was analyzed by using several molecular markers such as random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD), M-13, microsatellite and random amplified microsatellite sequences(RAMS). The overall average similarity coefficient among the isolates was 86% based on the combined data obtained by the molecular markers. No molecular markers were found to be associated with hosts or geographic regions. In addition to RAPD, analysis based on repeated sequences such as (GTG)5, M-13 and RAMS could be used to assess population structure of P. capsici.


Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Microsatellite Repeats , Phytophthora
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