ABSTRACT
Background: Mandibular foramen is an irregular foramen located just above the centre of the medial surface ofthe ramus of the mandible. Mandibular foramen is leading to mandibular canal through which inferior nerveand vessels will transmit and supply the teeth of lower jaw.The Mandibular foramen is an important anatomical landmark for the inferior nerve blocks, mandibularosteotomies and implant treatment. The inferior nerve block is the commonest local anaesthetic techniquewhich is used for anaesthetizing lower jaw in various surgical and dental procedures on mandible andmandibular teeth such as removal of impaction, reduction of fractures and tooth extraction. Inferior alveolarnerve block failure is not uncommon and it occurs even with experienced hands due to variations in position ofmandibular foramen.A thorough knowledge of anatomy of mandibular foramen is very essential hence aim of this study was todetermine the exact position of mandibular foramen by studying dry adult human mandibles of telanganapopulation.Material and methods: The present study was conducted using 60 dry adult human mandibles obtained fromanatomy department of Shadan institute of medical sciences,Hyderabad and VRK womens medicalcollege,Hyderabad. The data was tabulated and statistically analysed.Result: The mean distance of mandibular foramen to anterior border of ramus (MF-AB)was16.67±2.73mm(R)and16.56±2.52mm(L),to posterior border of ramus(MF-PB) was 12.67±2.37mm(R) and 13.03±2.43mm(L),to mandibularnotch (MF-MN) 21.04±2.95mm(R) and 20.24±2.94mm(L),to angle of mandible was 23.005±3.92mm(R) and22.36±3.89mm,base of mandible or inferior border (MF-MB) was 24.38±3.86mm(R) and 24.42±4.44mm(L), tip ofcoronoid process (MF-CrT) 35.68±3.25mm(R) and 35.19±3.47mm (L).Conclusion: The present study gives a fair knowledge of the position of mandibular foramen and provides usefulinformation for successful local anaesthesia ( inferior nerve block),to the maxillofacial surgeons,radiologistsand oncologists performing operations on the mandible to prevent complications and misinterpretations
ABSTRACT
Background: Mandibular foramen (MF), present on the medial surface of ramus of the mandible, leads to themandibular canal through which inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and vessels transmit. IAN block is a commonanaesthetic procedure before dental and reconstructive surgeries. Surgeons usually do IAN block in their clinicsand encounter failure of block because of variable position of MF.Objective: The present study was carried out to find the most common position of MF in north Indian population.Materials and Methods: Study was done on 50 dry adult human mandibles of unknown sex and age of northIndian origin. Height was measured from the angle of the mandible to the highest point on condyloid process.Mid point of the line joining these points was noted. The position of MF was observed in relation to pre noted midpoint.Results: MF was placed below the level of mid point in 40 mandibles (80%).Conclusion: The knowledge of most common position of MF will help the surgeons to reduce the chance ofunsuccessful IAN block.
ABSTRACT
Background: The mandibular foramen is located on the medial surface of ramus of mandible. It transmits inferior alveolar nerve. Inferior alveolar nerve block is a common procedure done by dental practitioners while doing various surgeries on mandible. The aim of this study is to determine the position of mandibular foramen in respect to various landmarks present on mandible. Methods: 30 adult human dry mandibles of north Indian origin were studied. The position of mandibular foramen from various landmarks was measured on both sides of mandibular ramus. Results: In our study we found the mean distance from the mandibular foramen to the anterior border of the ramus was 16.06±1.99 mm and 16.13±2.10 mm on the right and left sides respectively and from the mandibular foramen to the posterior border of the ramus was 12.02±1.99 mm and 11.10±1.95 mm on the right and left sides respectively. The mandibular foramen was situated at a mean distance of 1.36±0.77 mm on the right side and 1.47±0.72 mm on the left side, posterior to the midpoint of width of the ramus and at a mean distance of 3.37±1.37 mm on the right side and 3.10±1.41 mm on the left side, superior to the midpoint of vertical height of the ramus. Conclusion: In present study localization of mandibular foramen presented great variation. However if we keep these anatomical landmarks in our mind we can accurately locate the position of mandibular foramen and this will help us to create successful anesthesia and to perform good surgeries on mandible
ABSTRACT
Background: The retromolar foramen is one of the most important non-metrical anatomical variants in the mandible. The present study describes the incidence of retromolar foramen in South Indian adult dried mandibles and its clinical relevance. Methods: One hundred South Indian adult dried mandibles of unknown sex were studied at the Department of Anatomy, MVJ Medical College, Bangalore for the presence of retromolar foramen. Its location, size, shape, distance of the foramen if present from the posterior border of socket for 3rd molar tooth, anterior border of ramus of the mandible were measured. Results: Retromolar foramen was present in 16 (16%) of the mandibles. Out of the 16 mandibles, it was present bilaterally in 3 (3%) mandibles and unilaterally in 13 (13%) mandibles (In 3 (3%) on the right side and in 10 (10%) on the left side). The mean diameter of the foramen was 1.33mm (range - 1.10-1.92 mm). It was oval in shape in 9 (9%) and rounded in shape in 7 (7%) mandibles. The mean distance of retromolar foramen from the posterior border of socket for 3rd molar tooth and anterior border of ramus were 6.15 mm (2.23-12.10) and 8.02 mm (3.24-13.12) respectively. Conclusions: The knowledge about the incidence of the retromolar foramen is important for dental surgeons during various anaesthetic, implantation and surgical procedures of the mandible, especially during extraction of the lower last molar tooth.
ABSTRACT
Retromolar area in the mandible has considerable surgical importance for dental surgeons. The anatomy of this area has not received much attention in standard texts of Anatomy. A variant foramen called retromolar foramen has been described in the literature. This foramen transmits a neurovascular bundle. Presence of this neurovascular bundle poses a risk in the surgical procedures carried out for impacted lower third molar tooth extraction. The dental surgeon should also be aware of occasional presence of this neurovascular bundle in retromolar area while infiltrating local anesthetic agents. The present study was conducted on 71 dry mandibles and 10 cadaveric specimens. In dry mandibles, the boundaries and dimensions of retromolar trigone were studied. Prevalence of retromolar foramen was recorded. The distance of retromolar foramen, if present was recorded from posterior border of socket for third molar and second molar teeth respectively. In cadavers, retromolar areas were dissected and structures related were observed.
ABSTRACT
The osteomas are benign rare neoplasms, generally asymptomatic which are characterized by the proliferation of a compact or spongy bone. When they are situated in the maxillofacial area, they affect mainly the mandible, the frontal bone and the paranasal sinus. We have described the case of a female caucasian patient who presented an increased volume in the posterior region of the oral vestibule on the left side. During the clinical examination an oral lesion was observed in the region of the left ramus of mandible. This lesion was motionless, consistent, and painless when palpated. In the image obtained from the computed tomography cone-beam (CBCT), we could observe an hyperdense, cylindrical region, with well defined borders, located in the medial surface of the left ramus of mandible, right below the mandibular notch. Based on clinical data and in the obtained images, we could confirm the presence of the peripheral osteoma in the left side of the ramus of mandible region.
Los osteomas son neoplasias benignas, raras, en la mayoría de los casos asintomáticas, que se constan principalmente de hueso maduro, compacto o esponjoso. De acuerdo a su ubicación en la región maxilofacial, la mandibula, el hueso frontal y los senos paranasales son preferentemente afectados. Describimos un caso de un paciente, sexo femenino, caucásica, que presentaba un aumento de volumen en la región posterior del vestíbulo oral en el lado izquierdo. Al examen clínico se observó una lesión inmóvil, consistente e indolora a la palpación. En la imagen obtenida a través del tomógrafo computado volumétrico Cone Beam (CBCT), se observó una región híperdensa, cilíndrica, con márgenes marcados, ubicada en la cara medial de la rama mandibular izquierda, inferior a la escotadura mandibular. Con base en los datos clínicos y las imágenes obtenidas se puede concluir la presencia de osteoma periférico en región de rama mandibular izquierda.