Comparative Analytical Study of Madana Shalatu (Unripen Fruit of Randia Dumetorum Lam) and Phalapippali (Processed Fruits of Randia Dumetorum Lam) - A Study of Abhava Pratinidhi Dravya

Vamana is the Agrya karma for Kaphaja vikaras. Madanaphala - Randia dumetorum Lam is the drug of choice for Vamana karma because of its property – Anapayitwat (without untoward effect). Specific collection method, season and processing is required to get Phalapippali to possess above quality. Madana shalatu– Unripen fruits of Madanaphala is an Abhavapratinidhi dravya mentioned in Sushrutha Samhita and Ashtanga Hrudaya which does not require this processing- Samskara. So, in the present study comparative qualitative and quantitative physicochemical and phytochemical analysis of the Madana Shalatu, Pakwa Madanaphala Ripen fruit of Madanaphala and Madanaphala Pippali– Processed fruits of Madanaphala has been carried out. Aim: 1. Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Phytochemical analysis of Madana Shalatu, Pakwa Madanaphala, Madanaphala Pippali. 2. Comparative qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of Madana Shalatu, Pakwa Madanaphala, Madanaphala Pippali. Method: 1. Pharmacognostic study – Macroscopic study and Microscopic study. 2. Preliminary physico chemical analysis. 3. Qualitative phyto chemical evaluation of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the test drugs. 4. Quantitative analysis– UV Spectrophotometry. Result: Microscopic study, qualitative phyto chemical evaluation of all test drugs did not showed much differences. In total saponin estimation by UV Spectrophotometry of methanol and Water extract of ripen processed fruits of Randia, Ripen fruits of Randia and Unripen fruits of Randia is found to contain 73.71, 83.23, 71.35 and 72.62, 92.44, 75.25µg DE/mL of Saponin content respectively. Conclusion: Quantity of Saponin which is the main active principle in Randia Dumetorum responsible for Vamana Karma was similar in the Madana Shalatu and in Phala Pippali, whereas it was highest in Pakwa Madanaphala, thus it may be used like Phala Pippali without any laborious process of Samskara. Further Toxicity studies and clinical trials are required to prove its safety and efficacy in humans.

Pretreatment of Albino Rats with Methanolic Fruit Extract of Randia Dumetorum (L.) Protects against Alcohol Induced Liver Damage

Alcohol abuse and its medical and social consequences are a major health problem in many areas of the world. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of methanolic fruit extract of Randia dumetorum (L.) on alcohol-induced liver damage in rats. Rats were divided into five different groups (n=6), group I served as a control, group II received ethanol (3 ml/100 g/day p.o.), group III served as standard group and received silymarin (50 mg/kg p.o.), group IV and V served as extract treatment groups and received 50 & 100 mg/kg methanolic extract of R. dumetorum. All the treatment protocols followed 30 days and after rats were sacrificed blood and liver were used for biochemical and histological studies, respectively. The activities serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin (TB) and lipid peroxidation were statistically increased in rats exposed to alcohol while total protein and glutathione decreased compared to control rats. Treatment with R. dumetorum significantly decreased the elevated levels of ALT, AST, TG, DB, TB and lipid peroxidation compared to the group exposed to alcohol only. R. dumetorum significantly resulted in increased levels of total protein and reduced glutathione compared to the group that received alcohol only. Histology of the liver section of the animals treated with R. dumetorum improved the hepatotoxicity caused by alcohol. Hence the study concluded that R. dumetorum has potential hepatoprotective activity.

Phytopharmacological Properties of Randia dumetorum as a Potential Medicinal Tree: An Overview.

Randia dumetorum family Rubiaceae is highly reputed ayurvedic medicinal tree commonly known as the Mainphal, Mindhal. A large deciduous thorny shrub grows up to 5 meters of height. It occurs in almost throughout India up to 4,000 ft attitude. It is found in Himalaya from jammu east words ascending to 1300 and from the Kashmir to east word’s up to 4000. It is seen in Gujarat, Tamilnadu forest of Dehradun, Suralik range, Bengal, Bihar, Orrisa & South Maharashtra and costal districts of south India. In dry deciduous forests in India. Root bark of Randia dumetorum contains triterpene, -1-keto-3-hydroxyoleanane, Bark of Randia dumetorum contains mannitol, saponins, coumarin glycosides, Leaves contain an iridoid-10- methylixoside. An iridoid glycoside, Ripe fruit contains glycosides, randioside A, mollisidial triterpenoid glycosides and randianin, six saponins-dumetoronins A to F. It cures abscess, ulcers, inflammation, wounds, tumours, skin diseases and have antibacterial activity. The pulp of fruit is believed by many practitioners to also have anthelmintic properties, and also used as an abortiffcient as folklore remedy. Various phytopharmacological evaluations have been reported in this literature for the important potential of the Randia dumetorum.