Reporte de caso de dengue clásico a predominio de sintomatología dermatológica en el marco de la epidemia en la provincia de Misiones 2023-2024 / Case of classic dengue with predominance of dermatologic symptoms in the 2023-2024 epidemic in the province of Misiones

Se presenta un caso femenino de dengue clásico (DC) en el marco de la epidemia 2023-2024 en la provincia de Misiones, con predominio de síntomas dermatológicos de exantemas máculo papulosos, habonosos y eritrodérmicos sobre los síntomas sindrómicos cardinales. Las lesiones presentan componente humoral y de extravasación, sin diátesis ni componentes purpúricos apreciables, presentando una rápida y efectiva evolución al eritema y la normalización con tratamiento antihistamínico y corticoide parenteral. De la misma manera se evalúan alteraciones analíticas hematológicas y hepáticas de gran magnitud, con escasa repercusión clínica, que se mensuran en función del riesgo relativo al dengue hemorrágico (DH) y el pronóstico de la paciente. (AU)

A female case of classic dengue (DC) is presented in the context of the 2023-2024 epidemic in the province of Misiones, with a predominance of dermatologic symptoms of maculopapular, hives, and erythrodermic rashes overlapping the cardinal syndromic symptoms. The lesions have a humoral and extravasation component, without any significant diathesis or purpuric components, showing rapid and effective progression to erythema and normalization with antihistamine and parenteral corticosteroid treatment. Similarly, hematologic and hepatic analytical alterations of great magnitude are evaluated, with little clinical impact, measured in terms of relative risk for hemorrhagic dengue (HD) and the prognosis of the patient. (AU)

DRESS syndrome: Tricky to diagnose but easy to treat

A 27-year-old female presented to us with a short history of fever, jaundice, rash, and worsening hepatic dysfunction subsequent to treatment with intravenous antibiotics and alternative medicine for a urinary tract infection. The eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy, and transaminitis prompted us to consider a diagnosis of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) which can be fatal if not treated. The patient showed improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters after a course of steroids. This case is presented as DRESS syndrome that can prove rapidly fatal if not diagnosed and treated immediately.

Morbilliform rashes as sole manifestation of COVID-19

@#Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is recognized as a worldwide public health crisis. It has rapidly spread from Wuhan City in China after an outbreak of flu-like illness. Respiratory symptoms remain the most common manifestation of Covid-19. However, dermatologic manifestations have been observed in patients with COVID-19 infection. Kulkharni, et al. published a case report of morbilliform rashes as a probable herald of Covid-19 being its initial and only manifestation of COVID-19.1 This is a case of a 45-year-old female who presented with worsening morbilliform rashes on both upper extremities and was initially diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis. She had no respiratory symptoms and was eventually diagnosed with Covid-19 in a routine Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction test (RT-PCR). She was subsequently admitted for treatment and recovered after 2 weeks of hospital stay.

Symmetrical Flexural and Intertriginous Exanthema: A Rare Manifestation Associated with COVID-19 Infection

Summary@#Cutaneous manifestations of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are variable. We present a case of non-drug related symmetrical flexural and intertriginous exanthema in a patient with COVID-19 infection. A 58-year-old Chinese male who was diagnosed to have COVID-19 infection, developed maculopapular erythematous rashes at bilateral axillary and inguinal folds on the fourth day of illness. He was treated symptomatically with anti-histamine and topical corticosteroid. The skin condition improved and he was discharged well on tenth day of illness. Although symmetrical flexural intertriginous exanthema isclassically caused by drug reaction, this case demonstrated the possibility of the rash being directly associated with COVID-19 infection. More cohorts should be evaluated to fully describe the full spectrum of dermatological manifestation in COVID-19.

Incontinence-associated dermatitis in elderly patients: prevalence and risk factors / Dermatitis relacionada a la incontinencia en ancianos hospitalizados / Dermatite associada à incontinência em idosos: prevalência e fatores de risco

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for incontinence-associated dermatitis in the elderly. Method: Cross-sectional exploratory study carried out in public hospitals. The dermatitis prevalence and associations were obtained by calculating the ratio. The effect dimension was estimated by the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and statistical significance p <0.05. Results: 138 elderly people were included, with an average age of 77.2 years old (± 9.3); 69 (50%) had combined fecal and urinary incontinence. The dermatitis prevalence was 36.2% (50); 28% (14) had pressure injuries; 14% (7), candidiasis. Risk factors were: longer hospital stay (Odds Ratio = 5.8 [2.6-12.9]), obesity (Odds Ratio = 3.6 [1.2-10.4]), high level of dependence (Odds Ratio = 2.4 [1,1-5,0]) and high risk for pressure injury (Odds Ratio = 6.1 [1,4-26,9]). Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of dermatitis associated with incontinence. The early recognition of risk factors favors effective preventive actions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar prevalencia y factores de riesgo para dermatitis relacionada a la incontinencia y sus relaciones en ancianos. Método: Estudio transversal exploratorio con ancianos incontinentes en hospitales públicos. Se obtuvo la prevalencia de la dermatitis y relaciones por el cálculo de la razón, y la dimensión del efecto ha sido estimada por la razón de oportunidades con intervalo de confianza de 95% y significación estadística p < 0,05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 138 ancianos, la edad promedio de 77,2 años (± 9,3); 69 (50%) de ellos, con incontinencia fecal y urinaria combinadas. La prevalencia de dermatitis ha sido 36,2% (50); 28% (14) presentaban lesión por presión; y 14% (7), candidosis. Han sido factores de riesgo para la dermatitis: mayor tiempo de internación (OR = 5,8 [2,6-12,9]), obesidad (OR = 3,6 [1,2-10,4]), alto nivel de dependencia (OR = 2,4 [1,1-5,0]) y alto riesgo para lesión por presión (OR = 6,1 [1,4-26,9]). Conclusiones: Hubo alta prevalencia de dermatitis relacionada a la incontinencia, y el reconocimiento precoz de los factores de riesgo pode favorecer acciones preventivas efectivas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar prevalência e fatores de risco para dermatite associada à incontinência em idosos. Método: Estudo transversal exploratório realizado em hospitais públicos. Obtevese prevalência da dermatite e associações pelo cálculo da razão. A dimensão do efeito foi estimada pela razão de chances com intervalo de confiança de 95% e significância estatística p < 0,05. Resultados: Incluíram-se 138 idosos, média de idade 77,2 anos (± 9,3); 69 (50%) com incontinência fecal e urinária combinadas. A prevalência de dermatite foi 36,2% (50); 28% (14) apresentavam lesão por pressão; 14% (7), candidose. Foram fatores de risco: maior tempo de internação (Odds Ratio = 5,8 [2,6-12,9]), obesidade (Odds Ratio = 3,6 [1,2-10,4]), alto nível de dependência (Odds Ratio = 2,4 [1,1-5,0]) e alto risco para lesão por pressão (Odds Ratio = 6,1 [1,4-26,9]). Conclusão: Houve alta prevalência de dermatite associada à incontinência. O reconhecimento precoce dos fatores de risco favorece ações preventivas efetivas.

Experience in Using Jumihaidokuto and Orengedokuto for Skin Disorders Caused by Molecular Target Drugs / 日本東洋医学雑誌

In some molecular targeted therapies, skin disorders including acne-like rashes or maculopapular rashes frequently appear, which are often clinically problematic. In Kampo medicine, it has been reported that the combination of jumihaidokuto and orengedokuto (hereinafter called JHT + OGT) is effective for acne. In this study, we report the experiences of JHT + OGT for the treatment of rashes caused by molecular targeted therapies. We extracted patients from June 2013 to June 2017 who took molecular targeted therapies and the treatment with JHT + OGT for skin rashes. The primary endpoint was severity of rashes before and after treatment by JHT + OGT (judged by CTCAE v4.0). In 22 patients (14 males and 8 females), the rashes after treatment with JHT + OGT significantly improved compared with those before treatment (from the median grade of 2 to 1 [p = 0.011]), with 14 cases of improvement, 6 cases of no change, and 2 cases of deterioration. It was suggested that JHT + OGT for skin rashes caused by molecular targeted therapies could be one of the treatment options.

Trastuzumab induced radiation recall dermatitis: an interesting case

Radiation recall dermatitis (RRD) is the appearance of skin reactions in previously irradiated skin which is triggered by the administration of certain drugs. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the mainstay of treatment in breast cancer. RRD induced by trastuzumab has been rarely reported in India. This is a case report of a 56-year-old woman presented to the medical oncology outpatient department of our hospital with breast lump, and she was diagnosed to have human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/neu) positive invasive ductal carcinoma of left breast of stage T2N3cM0. She was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and she underwent modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. The treating oncologist was planned to start on adjuvant chemotherapy with injection trastuzumab for every four weeks, for 15 cycles. Patient received first dose of injection trastuzumab (450 mg) intravenously in the right (contralateral) arm and developed painful, swollen, erythematous blisters, and maculopapular rashes following the sharp linear borders of her previous radiation fields. She was reviewed by the medical oncologist and diagnosed as a rare case of RRD and treated with topical betamethasone cream. Causality assessment for RRD to trastuzumab was done using Naranjo and WHO-UMC scale and found to be in the category of probable and probable/ likely respectively.

Eritema multiforme minor: A propósito de un caso / Erythema multiforme minor: Clinical case presentation

El eritema multiforme o polimorfo (EM) puede presentarse como reacción adversa al uso de medicamentos o como consecuencia de una infección por diversos agentes. Es una enfermedad cutánea autolimitada, cuya duración puede ser de 4 a 6 semanas, en ocasiones recurrente, que se caracteriza por lesiones "en diana", que se distribuyen principalmente en extremidades y cara, aunque puede comprometer el tronco. En un alto porcentaje puede comprometer una o más mucosas. Clásicamente se ha subdividido en una forma menor y otra mayor, esta última con lesiones más extensas y con mayor compromiso del estado general. Se presenta el caso de un preescolar masculino con EM y se realiza una revisión de los aspectos clínicos, centrándose sobre todo en las lesiones en escarapela o diana.

Erythema multiforme or polymorph (EM) may occur as an adverse reaction to medication or due to infection by various agents. It is a self-limiting skin disease that lasts four to six weeks, sometimes recurring, characterized by target lesions mainly distributed in extremities and face, but can also compromise torso. It may compromise one or more mucous in a high percentage of cases. Classically, EM has been subdivided into two types of clinical presentation: minor and a major, the latter with more extensive lesions and greater general compromise. We present the case of a preschooler boy with EM and a review of the most important clinical aspects with special emphasis on target lesions.

Phenytoin/albendazole induced exanthematous eruptions: a case report.

Exanthematous drug eruptions, often called “drug rashes” or “maculopapular eruptions” by non-dermatologists are the most common form of cutaneous drug eruption. Cutaneous reactions are among the most common adverse effects of drugs, including penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, and allopurinol (with an incidence of up to 50 cases per 1000 new users), and particularly the aromatic amine anti-seizure medications, including carbamazepine, phenytoin, and lamotrigine (with an incidence of up to 100 cases per 1000 new users). Phenytoin is a hydantoin derivative anticonvulsant drug used primarily in the management of complex partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Albendazole is a benzimidazole medication used for the treatment of a variety of parasitic worm infestations. Carbamazepine and phenytoin are among the most common causes of antiepileptic drug-related cutaneous adverse reactions. Manifestations range from a mild erythematous maculopapular rash to life-threatening Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Albendazole induced rashes and urticaria have been reported in less than 1% of the patients. Here we present the case of a 12-year-old male patient who came to the dermatology outpatient department with complaints of itching and maculopapular eruptions all over the body. The patient gave a history of taking tablet phenytoin and tablet albendazole for neurocysticercosis since 1-week. There was no fever or any other systemic manifestations. There was no history of any other drug intake. A diagnosis of phenytoin/albendazole induced exanthematous eruptions was made. Both the medications were discontinued, and the patient was advised to take syrup sodium valproate 200 mg BD. For the rashes and itching, the patient was advised to take tablet hydroxyzine HCl 10 mg OD, tablet prednisolone and tablet levocetirizine for 5 days. Improvement was seen and the itching reduced. Rechallenge was not done. In this event, casualty assessment using Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale revealed that phenytoin/albendazole were probable causes for the adverse drug reaction.

Study to assess the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen-A*3101 allele among Indian epileptic patients and its infl uence on safety and effi cacy of antiepileptic therapy.

Background: The objective was to study the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*3101 allele among epileptic patients and to assess the safety and effi cacy of antiepileptic therapy. Methods: 295 subjects were selected and divided into two groups, Group I had 192 epileptic patients and Group II had 103 normal healthy controls. After written informed consent, 30 ml of mouthwash sample was collected from each subject and DNA was extracted by standard salting-out technique and used for HLA-A*3101 genotyping by two-step nested allele-specifi c polymerase chain reaction amplifi cation and agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: In Group I, 12 (6.25%) of the 192 patients were tested positive for HLA-A*3101 allele and all were taking carbamazepine (CBZ). Among them, 56 (30%) subjects had developed less severe adverse effects such as headache and giddiness, skin rashes and memory disturbances, and HLA-A*3101 was present in 8 of them while 136 had no adverse effects in which 4 of them were tested positive for the allele. In Group II, 3 (2.9%) of the 103 healthy controls were tested positive for the allele. No difference was found in response to antiepileptic therapy between allele positive and negative patients. Conclusion: The present study had shown that HLA-A*3101 is prevalent in 6.25% of the Indian epileptic population under study. The presence of this allele has a signifi cant association with the development of mild cutaneous reactions like skin rashes. However, no difference was observed in allele positive patients in response to antiepileptic therapy in comparison with allele negative patients.

Juvenile Dermatomyositis with Calcinosis Cutis.

A 6-year-old girl presented with irregular fever for last two months and difficulty in standing from sitting position for last 1½ months. She had pathognomonic heliotrope rashes on both eyelids, Gottron’s papules in proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of both hands and papules on elbow, knee and ankle joints. She had elevated serum muscle enzyme levels and electromyogram was in favor of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). She is now under steroid treatment and showing signs of improvement.

Epidemiology of arbovirus infections in Negros Oriental : I. Clinical features of an epidemic in Amlan

An epidemic of probable chikungunya disease occured in Amlan, Negros Oriental from March to October 1968. Six hundred ninety-eight (698) cases were recorded in a post-epidemic survey conducted between October 14-19, 1968The trial of fever, skin rashes, an arthralgia was the prominent feature of the disease. Fever usually began abruptly and usually lasted 2-5 days, but in some cases persisted intermittently over a one to two week period. The skin rashes were mostly described by respondents as either maculopapular or morbilliform. These rashes frequently appeared during defervescence and lasted 2 to 4 days, but reappeared after apparent clinical recovery in some casesArthralgia and occasionally frank arthritis involving large and small joints usually accompanied the onset of pyrexia. Arthralgia frequently persisted for several weeksOne case from Amlan admitted to the Silliman University Medical Center was presented to call attention to the clinical features of the disease. Initial results of serological tests performed on sera collected from this hospitalized patient and other patients in Amlan suggest that the epidemic was due to ckikungunya virus infection.(Summary)