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OBJECTIVE@#To establish an efficient protocol for directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into functional midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cells (DAPs) in vitro.@*METHODS@#hiPSCs were induced to differentiate into DAPs in two developmental stages. In the first stage (the first 13 days), hiPSCs were induced into intermediate cells morphologically similar to primitive neuroepithelial cells (NECs) in neural induction medium containing a combination of small molecule compounds. In the second stage, the intermediate cells were further induced in neural differentiation medium until day 28 to obtain DAPs. After CM-DiI staining, the induced DAPs were stereotactically transplanted into the right medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of rat models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Eight weeks after transplantation, the motor behaviors of PD rats was evaluated. Immunofluorescence assay of brain sections of the rats was performed at 2 weeks after transplantation to observe the survival, migration and differentiation of the transplanted cells in the host brain microenvironment.@*RESULTS@#hiPSCs passaged stably on Matrigel showed a normal diploid karyotype, expressed the pluripotency markers OCT4, SOX2, and Nanog, and were positive for alkaline phosphatase. The primitive neuroepithelial cells obtained on day 13 formed dense cell colonies in the form of neural rosettes and expressed the neuroepithelial markers (SOX2, Nestin, and PAX6, 91.3%-92.8%). The DAPs on day 28 highly expressed the specific markers (TH, FOXA2, LMX1A and NURR1, 93.3-96.7%). In rat models of PD, the hiPSCs-DAPs survived and differentiated into TH+, FOXA2+ and Tuj1+ neurons at 2 weeks after transplantation. Eight weeks after transplantation, the motor function of PD rats was significantly improved as shown by water maze test (P < 0.0001) and apomorphine-induced rotation test (P < 0.0001) compared with rats receiving vehicle injection.@*CONCLUSION@#HiPSCs can be effectively induced to differentiate into DAPs capable of differentiating into functional neurons both in vivo and in vitro. In rat models of PD, the transplanted hiPSCs-DAPs can survive for more than 8 weeks in the MFB and differentiate into multiple functional neurocytes to ameliorate neurological deficits of the rats, suggesting the potential value of hiPSCs-DAPs transplantation for treatment of neurological diseases.
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Humans , Rats , Animals , Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Neurons , Parkinson Disease , Mesencephalon , Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Aim: To study the anti-fatigue,anti-oxidative and hemostatic effects of small molecule Asini Corii Colla (SMACC). Methods: Rat model of complex blood deficiency was established to detect the exhausted time of swimming, hematology, superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum maleic dialdehyde (MDA), and lipid peroxide (LPO) levels, aiming to explore the anti-fatigue and anti-oxidative effects of SMACC. ICR mice were used to measure the blood clotting time (CT) and bleeding time (BT). Fevered and bleeding model and the heparinized bleeding model in rats were established to investigate the effect of SMACC in hemostasis and its possible mechanism. Results: Compared with model group, SMACC significantly prolonged the swimming time of model rats (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01) and decreased the content of serum MDA, LPO (P < 0.05,P<0.01) at doses of 1. 500,0. 750,0. 375 g. kg-1,and increased the number of lymphocytes in the blood at doses of 1. 500,0. 375 g. kg-1 (P <0. 05). SMACC of 3. 00,1.50 g kg-1 significantly reduced the BT and CT (P < 0. 05). SMACC markedly reversed the prolonged prothrombin time (P < 0. 05) and the adverse changes of the hematological indicators. Conclusions: SMACC has the pharmacological effects of anti-fatigue, anti-oxidation and enhancing endurance, and also the effects of hemostasis and convergence.
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Objective To replicate the rats model of human metabolic syndrome (MS),determine the standard of the model,evaluate the success rate of model,provide the experimental basis for the study of the pathogenesis and therapeutic study of MS.Methods Eighty specific pathogen free male Wistar rats aged 7 weeks were randomly divided into the normal group (n =10) and the experimental group (n =70),which were respectively fed with normal diet and high fat,high sugar,high salt diet for 16 weeks.The rats' body weight,abdominal circumference,body length,blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured every 4 weeks.The experimental group rats were injected with streptozocin(STZ) 35mg/kg intraperitoneally once at the fifteenth week,the blood lipids (TC,TG,LDL-C and HDL-C) and FINS were measured,and HOMA-IR was calculated a week late.Results With the feeding time gradually extended,the rats' body weight,abdominal circumference,blood pressure,FPG,TG,TC,FINS,HOMA-IR and LDL-C levels were all significantly higher in the experimental group than in the normal group (P ＜ 0.05),while HDL-C was lower than that of the normal group (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in body length between the two groups(P ＞0.05).The success rate of MS rats models were 74.3％.Conclusion High fat,high sugar,high salt diet combined with a small dose of STZ intraperitoneal injection can successfully replicate the rat model of MS.This kind of rat models conforms to the pathological characteristic of MS,which can be easily operated and with high success rate.Therefore,it could be applied as an ideal MS animal model for the study of MS and drugs therapeutic effect.
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Objective To establish a model of acute gouty arthritis( AGA) in rats and observe its maintenance time. Methods The AGA model of rats was established by injecting monosodium urate ( MSU) at the concentration of 25 mg/mL into the ankle joint cavity. The rats were observed for 8 d at different time points. Skin temperature, degree of joint swelling, gait, inflammatory cells in synovial fluid, histopathological changes of synovial tissue and other indicators were observed to determine whether the modeling and maintenance time were successful. Results At 3 h after modeling, differ-ences in the swelling of ankle joint, increase of skin temperature, abnormal gait, the number of inflammatory cells in syno-vial fluid, synovial hyperplasia, capillary congestion, and disarrangement of synovial cells in the rats were observed in the saline group and the model group (P <0. 01). At 4 hours after modeling, the above mentioned inflammatory changes in the saline group were significantly reduced, compared with that at 3 h, showing a significant difference (P<0. 01), while the inflammatory changes of the model group were increased significantly compared with that at 3 hours ( P<0. 01 ) , and showed significant difference compared with the saline group (P<0. 01). At 24 h after modeling, the indexes in the rats of saline group returned to normal, but the inflammation of the model group was increased. At 48-72 h after modeling, the local inflammation such as ankle swelling, skin temperature, and abnormal gait of the rats in the model group reached a peak. The inflammation of the ankle joint in the model group was gradually reduced from 96 to 168 h after the model was established, but there were still significant differences in the indexes compared with the blank group (P<0. 01). At 192 h after modeling, the joint swelling, skin temperature and abnormal gait of the rats in the model group returned to normal, however, there were significant differences in the number of inflammatory cells and the pathological changes of synovial membrane compared with the blank group ( P<0. 01 ) . Conclusions A rat model of AGA can be successfully prepared and identified at 4 h after modeling by injection of MSU crystal suspension into the ankle joint cavity. This rat model of AGA can be maintained at least 168 hours after modeling.
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Objective To establish a model of acute gouty arthritis( AGA) in rats and observe its maintenance time. Methods The AGA model of rats was established by injecting monosodium urate ( MSU) at the concentration of 25 mg/mL into the ankle joint cavity. The rats were observed for 8 d at different time points. Skin temperature, degree of joint swelling, gait, inflammatory cells in synovial fluid, histopathological changes of synovial tissue and other indicators were observed to determine whether the modeling and maintenance time were successful. Results At 3 h after modeling, differ-ences in the swelling of ankle joint, increase of skin temperature, abnormal gait, the number of inflammatory cells in syno-vial fluid, synovial hyperplasia, capillary congestion, and disarrangement of synovial cells in the rats were observed in the saline group and the model group (P <0. 01). At 4 hours after modeling, the above mentioned inflammatory changes in the saline group were significantly reduced, compared with that at 3 h, showing a significant difference (P<0. 01), while the inflammatory changes of the model group were increased significantly compared with that at 3 hours ( P<0. 01 ) , and showed significant difference compared with the saline group (P<0. 01). At 24 h after modeling, the indexes in the rats of saline group returned to normal, but the inflammation of the model group was increased. At 48-72 h after modeling, the local inflammation such as ankle swelling, skin temperature, and abnormal gait of the rats in the model group reached a peak. The inflammation of the ankle joint in the model group was gradually reduced from 96 to 168 h after the model was established, but there were still significant differences in the indexes compared with the blank group (P<0. 01). At 192 h after modeling, the joint swelling, skin temperature and abnormal gait of the rats in the model group returned to normal, however, there were significant differences in the number of inflammatory cells and the pathological changes of synovial membrane compared with the blank group ( P<0. 01 ) . Conclusions A rat model of AGA can be successfully prepared and identified at 4 h after modeling by injection of MSU crystal suspension into the ankle joint cavity. This rat model of AGA can be maintained at least 168 hours after modeling.
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Objective To establish an improved hemisection model of spinal cord injury(SCI)in rats with less severe injury and increased sur-vival rate. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats(n=20)were randomly divided into 2 groups:standard and improved hemisection model of SCI. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB)scores were carried out to determine the hindlimb locomotor function at 1 d,3 d,1 week and 2 weeks post SCI,respectively. In addition,duration of operation,blood loss,location of posterior midline,and success rate of spinal cord exposure during the second surgery were used as the main parameters to evaluate the significance of the new model. Results Compared with the standard hemisection model,the improved hemisection model of SCI exhibited shorter duration of operation,less blood loss,higher BBB score,more accurate location of posterior midline,and higher success rate of spinal cord exposure during the second surgery. Based on the improved hemisection model of SCI, transplantation model of scar tissue in spine cord was then successfully constructed with a success rate above 70%. Conclusion The improved hemisection model of SCI shows significant advantages in many aspects related to the operation,which is applicable to the study of SCI,especially the non-acute SCI.
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Objective To study the feasibility of rat models of renal edema based on disease combined with traditional Chinese medicine syndrome yin-deficiency and yang-deficiency types .Methods Gastric gavage of thyroxine and tail vein injection of Adriamycin were performed to induce a rat model of kidney Yin deficiency edema , and intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone and tail vein injection of Adriamycin were used to establish a rat model of kidney Yang deficiency edema .The 24 h urine protein content , triiodothyronine ( T3 ) , thyroxine ( T4 ) , cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP ) , cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) , estradiol ( E2 ) and testosterone ( T ) and other indicators were assayed to determine whether the rat models were successfully established .Result The rats of Yin deficiency edema group had clinical presentation such as hyperactivity , hair loss, dry stool, weight loss and temperature rise.Compared with the blank group , T3, T4, cAMP, E2, and 24 h urinary protein levels were significantly increased , cGMP and T content decreased , and cAMP/cGMP ratio was significantly increased , showing significant differences ( P<0.05 for all).The Yang deficiency edema animals displayed reduced activity , diarrhea, decreased body weight and body temperature, and other signs of disease.Compared with the blank group, T3, T4, cAMP, and E2 contents were significantly decreased , cGMP, T, and 24 h urinary protein levels were significantly increased , and cAMP/cGMP ratio decreased , showing significant differences ( P <0.05 for all ) .Conclusions The rat model of renal edema disease combined with TCM syndrome yin-deficiency was successfully induced by thyroxine in combination with Adriamycin , and the rat model of renal edema based on disease combined with TCM syndrome yang-deficiency is successfully established by administration of hydrocortisone plus Adriamycin .These two rat models demonstrate similar clinical manifestations of human renal edema based on disease combined with TCM syndrome yin-deficiency and yang-deficiency, respectively, therefore, may serve as useful tools for further research on this disease .
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Objective To determine the effect of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) on acute hephrotoxicity induced by CCl4 in male rat.Methods 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and CCl4 group, 10 rats in each group, another 10 male Wistar rats were transgenic rats microinjection through the carrier, obtained the Nrf2-tk gene integration and specific transgenic rats, as the CCl4 +Nrf2 integration group.The groups was given 1%polysorbate 80 for 4 days,Then the CCl4 and CCl4 +Nrf2 integration group were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of CCl47.5 mg· kg-1 and were killed 24 h after CCl4 injection.The serum chemical parameters including asparate aminotransferase ( AST) ,alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) were measured.Also malonaldehyde ( MDA) ,glutathione ( GSH) ,oxidized glutathione ( GSSG) levels in the liver as well as glutathione ( GSH)/oxidized glutathione ( GSSG ) ratios were detected. Histopathologic changes in the liver were examined. Results F1generation TK transgenic rats in liver and testis and other tissues and organs were not detected the transcription of Nrf2-tk, indicating that Nrf2-tk expression in tissues is specific good.Nrf2 significantly reduced serum AST, ALT and LDH levels in a dose-dependent manner.The results of MDA levels and GSH/GSSG ratios in liver and kidney showed that Nrf2 reduced CCl4-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation,and ameliorated glutathione depletion.The histopathologic results showed that Nrf2 restrained liver and kidney damage induced by CCl4 .Conclusion Nrf2 can effectively protect male rat from acute hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by CCl4 .
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Objective To explore the effects of Chinese herbal compound, Tengmei decoction, on type II collagen-induced arthritis ( CIA) in rats, and to examine the changes of arthritis index ( AI) , limb swelling, joint tissue inflammatory infiltration, and the effects on immune-inflammatory factors.Methods Sprague-Dawley rat models of arthritis were successfully established by intradermal injection of type II collagen and Freund’ s complete adjuvant.The model rats were randomly divided into model group, positive drug group, and high-and low-dose Chinese medicine groups, 6 rats in each group.The intervention and treatment period was 12 weeks.To measure weekly the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the rear ankles and wrists, the transverse diameter of the claw foot palm pad, the thickness and the highest point width of hind limb plantar joint swelling, and to evaluate the integrated scores of joints and limbs swelling using a vernier caliper.Results ①Compared with the normal group, the total arthritis scores and hind limbs AI scores of the model group were significantly increased ( P <0.05 or P <0.01 ) .The left forelimb AI scores were significantly increased during 10 -12 weeks ( P <0.05 ) .The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the left hind limb, the thickness of the highest point measurement of the left hind foot pad metatarsal were significantly increased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) in different time periods between 1-12 weeks.Compared with the model group, the total scores and the left hind limb joints AI scores of the high-and low-dose drug groups were decreased after 6 weeks (P<0.05).②Compared with the normal control group, levels of mRNA transcription and protein expression of IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly up-regulated ( P<0.01 ) in the model group.Compared with the model group, the levels of mRNA transcription and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-αproteins were significantly down-regulated in the positive group and Chinese medicine groups ( P <0.01 ) .③ Histological examination showed that the low-dose TCM significantly improved the CIA synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusions The molecular mechanism of Chinese herbal compound Tengmei decotion in improving joint pathological injury of CIA rat models may be related to its inhibitory effect on the high expression of immune-inflammatory factors in the synovial tissue of CIA rats.
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Background & objectives: Effective pain control following outpatient surgical procedures is an important aspect of patient discharge. This study was carried out with an aim to investigate the histopathological effects of intra-articular dexketoprofen trometamol injection in knee joint on synovium and cartilage in an experimental rat model. Methods: In each of 40 rats, the right knee was designated as the study group and the left knee as the control group (NS group). Under aseptic conditions, 35 rats received an injection of 0.25 ml (6.25 mg) dexketoprofen trometamol into the right knee joint and an injection of 0.25 ml 0.9 per cent normal saline solution into the left knee joint. On the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days after intra-articular injection, rats in specified groups were sacrificed by intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg sodium thiopental. Knee joints were separated and sectioned for histopathological examination. Inflammatory changes in the joints were recorded according to a grade scale. Results: No significant difference in terms of pathological changes both in synovium and cartilage was observed between the NS group and the study group on days 1, 2, 7, 14 and 21 after intra-articular injection of dexketoprofen or saline in the knee joint. Interpretation & conclusions: The findings showed no evidence of significant histopathological damage to the cartilage and synovia for a period up to 21 days following intra-articular administration of dexketoprofen trometamol in the knee joints of rats.
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Objective To estimate whether the ligation of bilateral internal carotid artery in combination with one vertebral artery can lead to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods The sham operation, 2?VO and 3?VO rat models were subjected to the matching operation. Four weeks after operation,the cortical blood flow was determined. The learning and memory abilities were measured with Morris water maze test eight weeks later,then the rats were sacrificed to observe the morphological change of hippocampal CA1 region. Results Compared with the sham operation group((47±8.797)ml·min-1·100 g-1),the cerebral blood flow of 2?VO((24.30±8.999)ml ·min-1·100 g-1) and 3?VO((9.870±2.208)ml·min-1·100 g-1) were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the sham operation group((8.33±4.88)s),escape latencies of Morris water maze of 2?VO group ((14.78±7.84)s) and 3?VO group((14.86±7.96)s) in the fifth days also presented significantly increased (P<0.01),but rare difference between the two groups. Compared with the sham operation group[ (37.20±9.21) s, (10.01.±2.91)times],the target quadrant swimming time and crossing times of 2?VO group((20.13±5.80)s, (6.60±3.19)times) and 3?VO group((20.05±5.76)s,(6.55±2.59)times) in the fifth days also presented signifi?cantly decreased (P<0.01). There were distinct pathomorphology changes in hippocampal CA1 region of the two groups. Conclusion The ligation of bilateral internal carotid artery in combination with one vertebral artery can lead to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion,and can make the similar ethology representation with the 2?VO models.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the vitreous level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) in diabetic rats, and to explore the role of VEGF and KDR in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Eighty-four adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. Fifty-eight rats in group A were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin to induce diabetes and 20 rats in group B were injected with physiological saline. Blood glucose meter was used to detect the blood glucose level at 72 hours after injection; blood glucose level >16.67 mmol/L was considered to be successful modelling. Blood glucose level was assayed and body mass was measured on the same modelling day, one week, two weeks and four weeks after modelling. Four weeks after modelling, the vitreous was taken and the VEGF and KDR levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The eyeballs were fixed with paraform and embedded by petrolin for haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. RESULTS: Forty-two rats survived and 16 rats died in group A. No rats died in group B. The blood glucose at one week, two weeks and four weeks between the two groups had statistical differences (p < 0.05). The weight at one week and two weeks between the two groups was not different but there was statistical difference at four weeks between the two groups (p < 0.01). The ELISA results showed that the VEGF and KDR levels were 0.276 ± 0.026 ng/mL and 2.936 ± 0.295 ng/mL in group A, 0.231 ± 0.021 ng/mL and 2.394 ± 0.227 ng/mL in group B, respectively. The VEGF and KDR levels of group A were higher than those of group B (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The changes of VEGF and KDR levels in the vitreous of diabetic rats were related to the early retinopathy induced by diabetes.
OBJETIVO: Investigar el nivel vítreo del factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (FCEV) y receptor con dominio inserto-quinasa (KDR) en ratas diabéticas, y explorar el papel de FCEV y KDR en la retinopatía diabética. MÉTODOS: Ochenta y cuatro ratas adultas Wistar fueron divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos. A cincuenta y ocho ratas en el grupo A se les inyectó estreptozotocinapor vía intraperitonealpara inducir diabetes, mientras que a 20 ratas en el grupo B se les inyectó una solución salina fisiológica. Se usó un medidor de glucosa en sangre para detectar el nivel de glucosa en sangre a las 72 horas después de la inyección. Un nivel de glucosa en sangre > 16.67 mmol/L se consideró como un modelo exitoso. Se analizó el nivel de glucosa en sangre, y se midió la masa corporal en el mismo día del modelado, y una semana, dos semanas, y cuatro semanas después del modelado. Cuatro semanas después del modelado, se tomó el humor vítreo, y los niveles de FCEV y KDR fueron detectados mediante ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas (ELISA). Los globos oculares fueron fijados con para formaldehido e incrustados por petrolin para tinción (H & E) hematoxilina-eosina. RESULTADOS: Cuarenta y dos ratas sobrevivieron y 16 ratas murieron en el grupo A. Ninguna de las ratas en el grupo B murió. La glucosa en la sangre a la semana, las dos semanas, y las cuatro semanas entre los dos grupos tuvo diferencias estadísticas (p < 0.05). El peso a la semana y a las dos semanas entre los dos grupos no fue diferente, pero hubo diferencia estadística a las cuatro semanas entre los dos grupos (p < 0.01). Los resultados de ELISA mostraron que los niveles de FCEV y KDR fueron 0.276 ± 0.026 ng/mLy 2.936 ± 0.295 ng/mL en el grupo A, 0.231 ± 0.021 ng/mL y 2.394 ± 0.227 ng/mL en el grupo B, respectivamente. Los niveles de FCEV y KDR del grupo A fueron superiores a los del grupo B (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: Los cambios de nivel FCEV y KDR en el humor vítreo de las ratas diabéticas estaban asociados con la retinopatía temprana inducida por diabetes.
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Animals , Rats , Vitreous Body/chemistry , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/analysis , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications , Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology , Biomarkers/analysis , Rats, Wistar , StreptozocinABSTRACT
Objective To establish the islet ? cell rat model by the ? cell-deleting technology.Methods Tweenty-four normal male SD rats and 12 weeks old were randomly divided into 3 groups,i.e,a normal diet group(NC,n=8),the model group 1(M1,n=8),and the model group 2(M2,n=8).The rats in M1 and M2 group were injected with 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg of streptozocin respectively.Five days later,the rats were sacrificed.The level of insulin(Ins)and Glucagon(Glc)in the pancreatic homogenate was measured.The tail of pancreas were obtained and fixed by Bolins liquid.Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of Ins and Glc in islet cells.Quantitative analysis was executed by image analyzer.Results Compared with the NC group,the total pancreas island areas of beta-cell deleting rats,M1 group and M2 group,are approximately 1/7 of normal control rats.Moreover,the percentages of beta-cell areas from total pancreas island areas decreased from 74.3% down to 5.4% and 5.2%,respectively.The Ins content in pancreas tissue homogenate of beta-cell deleting rats does not reach 3% of normal ones,While the Glc content unexpectedly increases.Less alpha cells distinguished by Glc positive dying through Immunohistochemistry are observed at periphery of pancreas islands of NC group.With beta cellsdeletion,the aggregation of alpha cells from periphery to centre of pancreas islands is found in M1 and M2 groups.Furthermore,the percentages of alpha cells area from total pancreas island areas are promoted from 16.4% to 76.5%、74.4%,respectively.Conclusion The islet ? cell rat model was established by injecting large dose STZ(100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg).
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Objective:To establish and validate the rat model of syndrome of stagnation of liver qi,followed by a primary study on this model with 1H NMR based on metabonomics to explore the essence of syndrome of stagnation of liver qi. Methods:Twelve Wistar male rats were randomly divided into two groups(model group and control group).The rats of model group were restrained by special equipment for 21 days to get into stagnation of liver qi.The behavior,fluid consumption test and plasma CORT of rats were recorded.At 22th day,animals were sacrificed and biopsies of gastric mucosa and adrenal gland were collected for pathological check,and serum samples for 1H NMR spectroscopy.The NMR data were analyzed using principal component analysis.Results:There were abnormal behaviors,such as decrease of elusion,slackness,looser stools,and matte fur were observed among model group rats.After one week the body weight of model group was significantly lower than that of control group(P
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0.05).After that,both systolic and diastolic function began to decrease.In 4 weeks after the operation,both the the maximum rate of left ventricular isovolumic systolic pressure + dp/dtmax and the maximum rate of left ventricular isovolumic diastolic pressure-dp/dtmax decreased to the lowest levels [(1249.89 ? 95.82) mm Hg/s and(-1316.40 ? 58.31) mm Hg/s,respectively];and then in 6 weeks after the operation,echocardiography showed that the left ventricular short axis fractional shortening FS reached the lowest level [(18.70 ? 3.83)%].Moreover,we found that the FS was highly related with the + dp/dtmax(r=0.864,P
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The authors used 2 instruments, a Laser Doppler flowmeter [LDF] and Infrared thermographs, to evaluate their reliability to predict skin flap viability in rats, We made a pedicle flap on 7 Spraque-Dawley rats. At each 1 cm of the flap, we measured the blood flow by LDF and measured the surface temperature by infrared thermographs. The results showed that the LDF value had the typical pattern and were well correlated with flap necrosis. LDF can be used to predict flap viability, while skin temperature recorded by infrared thermographs could not be used to predict flap viability.