Comparação das respostas cardiorrespiratórias de um exercício de hidroginástica com e sem deslocamento horizontal nos meios terrestre e aquático / Comparisons of cardiorrespiratory responses in a hydrogymnastics exercise with and without horizontal movement on land and in aquatic environment

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar as respostas cardiorrespiratórias de um exercício de hidroginástica (corrida estacionária) realizado com e sem deslocamento horizontal no meio terrestre (MT), em piscina funda (PF) e em piscina rasa (PR). Seis mulheres jovens realizaram os exercícios durante 4 min numa cadência de 80 bpm. O exercício consistia em flexão e extensão de quadril com os braços simulando um movimento de corrida. A frequência cardíaca (FC) e o consumo de oxigênio (VO2 ) foram coletados no último minuto de exercício e a percepção de esforço (PE) foi coletada ao término do exercício. Para a comparação das variáveis utilizou-se ANOVA two-way para medidas repetidas com fatores meio e forma de execução (p < 0,05). Para todas as variáveis analisadas foram encontrados valores menores no exercício em PR comparado ao exercício no MT. Porém, nenhuma diferença foi observada entre o exercício no MT e em PF, exceto para a FC, que foi menor no exercício em PF. Em relação à forma de execução, para a FC, foram encontrados valores maiores no exercício com deslocamento quando comparado ao exercício sem deslocamento somente na PF. Estes achados sugerem a possibilidade de executar o exercício analisado em PF com gasto energético (GE) similar e FC menor quando comparado ao mesmo exercício no MT. Fato de grande relevância para populações que querem obter um GE semelhante ao exercício no MT, mas que necessitam de uma menor sobrecarga cardiovascular.

The aim of the study was to compare the cardiorespiratory responses during an hydrogymnastics exercise performed with and without horizontal movement on land environment (LE) and in a deep (DS) and in a shallow swimming pool (SS). Six YOUNG women performed the exercise during four minutes in each environment (LE, DS and SS) and situation (with and without horizontal movement) in a cadence of 80 bpm. The exercise consisted in a hip flexion/extension while the arms simulating a running movement. The heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2 ) were veriefied during the last minute in each exercise and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was collected in the ending of the exercise. To variables comparisons was used ANOVA two-way for repeated measures with factors environment and situation (p < 0,05). For all cardiorespiratory variables analyzed, SS exercise were lower than that found on LE. Although, no difference was observed in the exercise performed on LE or in DS, except for the HR, that was lower during DS. Acording to the different situations, higher HR value was found during the exercise with horizontal movement when compared with the exercise without horizontal movement in the DS. These findings suggest the possibility to perform the exercise analyzed with similar energy expenditure and lower FC in DS when compared with exercise in LE. It is very important for people that need similar energy expenditure and lower cardiovascular overload during aquatic exercise.

Esforço percebido, estresse e inflamação do trato respiratório superior em atletas de elite de canoagem / Perceived exertion, stress and upper respiratory tract illness in female elite canoeing flatwater

O presente estudo investigou o comportamento do esforço percebido, percepção de fontes e sintomas de estresse e de ocorrência e incidência de sintomas associados a inflamações do trato respiratório superior (ITRS) em atletas de elite do sexo feminino de canoagem velocidade, durante sete semanas de preparação para um campeonato internacional. Para tanto foram utilizados os instrumentos de: medida de esforço percebido da sessão (EPS); o DALDA e o WURSS-21. A ANOVA de Friedman foi utilizada a fim de verificar a hipótese de igualdade entre as sete semanas de investigação para cada uma das variáveis. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5 por cento. O teste de Wilcoxon foi utilizado como "post-hoc" com o ajuste de Bonferroni, quando necessário. Os resultados para EPS revelaram diferença significante entre as sete semanas de investigação. Foram localizadas diferenças entre as semanas recuperativas e as semanas de intensificação do treinamento. Diferenças significantes foram reveladas para os sintomas de estresse (Parte B do DALDA) sinalizando para a sensibilidade do instrumento para discriminar semanas de intensificação e semanas recuperativas de carga de treinamento. O WURSS-21 revelou diferenças significantes na ocorrência e incidência de ITRS entre a semana de maior volume de treinamento (semana 1) e as demais semanas investigadas, exceto com a semana 2. Os resultados permitem concluir que os instrumentos utilizados na presente investigação podem ser úteis para monitorar as alterações no esforço percebido da sessão, fadiga, percepção de sintomas de estresse e de ocorrências de ITRS.

The aim of the present study was to identify the behavior of session rating of perceived exertion (session RPE), perception of sources and symptoms of stress and perception of occurrence and incidence of upper respiratory tract illness symptoms (URTI) in elite canoeing flatwater female athletes, during 7 weeks of preparation for an international championship. The methods used were the session RPE, DALDA and WURSS-21. The ANOVA of Friedman was applied on the dependent variables. The level of significance was established in 5 percent. Wilcoxon test was used as post-hoc with the adjustment of Bonferroni when necessary. The session RPE showed significant differences between the taper weeks and the overload weeks (intensified training). Significant differences for the Part B of the DALDA (symptoms of stress) have been demonstrated. To URTI symptoms, significant differences were between the week of greater volume of training (week 1) and the remaining of investigated weeks, except with week 2. The results allow concluding that the instruments used in the present investigation may be useful for assessing changes in perceptual training load, fatigue, stress reaction symptoms and occurrence of perceived URTI symptoms.

Evaluation of an index of exercise for stroke patients able to walk independently : A pilot study / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To discuss the relationship between heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and oxygen consumption in therapeutic exercises for stroke patients. Methods Eighteen stroke patients a-ble to walk independently participated in the test. K4b2 Pulmonary Function Equipment was used to record their heart Rates(min-1)and specific oxygen consumption(ml·min-1·kg-1)during the following exercises:relaxed sitting,sit-to-stand transfers, leaning against a wall and elevating the hips (strength training of the gluteus maximus) , raising the unaffected leg while the affected leg is weight bearing, raising the affected leg while the unaffected leg is weight bearing, climbing up and down stairs, and walking 60 meters. RPE was surveyed after each exercise. Results The correlation between HR and oxygen consumption was moderate (r = 0.618, P≤0.001), but it was weak between RPE and oxygen consumption (r = 0.325 ,P≤0.001). Conclusion Heart rate is a better index than RPE for eval-uating exercise intensity with stroke patients able to walk independently.

Exercise intensity during a free routeine in well trained synchronized swimmers / 体力科学

A study was conducted to clarify the exercise intensity and metabolic condition during a free routine of synchronized swimming with respect to heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (La) and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) . Six well trained female synchronized swimmers participated as subjects. HR during the free routine was measured continuously. La and RPE during the free routine were measured intermittently from the start to end of each stage. Maximum heart rate (swimmingHRmax : S-HRmax) was determined by measurement of maximum oxygen uptake using a swimming flume. Peak blood lactate concentration (Peak La) was measured after the maximum front crawl stroke of 100 m. The average values and S. D. of S-HRmax and Peak La were 180.0±3.8 beats · min<SUP>-1</SUP> and 9.6 ± 1.0 mmol · 1<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. Average values, S. D. and ranges of HR and %S-HRmax during the free routine were 137.6±25.5 (60-180) beats · min<SUP>-1</SUP> and 76.5± 14.3 (34.5-96.8) %, respectively. HR during the free routine showed a decrease in the breath-holding phase. Average values and S. D. of La, %Peak La and RPE at the fourth stage were 5.4±1.2mmol·1<SUP>-1</SUP>, 57.0±17.2% and 17.7±0.8, respectively. La, %Peak La and RPE at the fourth stage were significantly higher than those at the other stages, and La, %Peak La and RPE at the third stage were significantly higher than those at the second stage. These results suggested that the overall intensity of the free routine was moderate, but that part of the free routine included high-intensity activity and the percentage of anaerobic metabolism during the free routine increased in the final stages