ABSTRACT
Resumen Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la construcción de baremos del Test de Matrices Progresivas de Raven, para la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina; y su comparación con aquellos de los años 1964 y 2000. Se seleccionó una muestra de 933 sujetos de 19 a 30 años de edad, con educación secundaria completa. El instrumento fue administrado en presencia de un examinador, de manera colectiva y sin límite de tiempo. Los resultados se analizaron en cuatro grupos de edad: 19-20 años, 21-22 años, 23-24 años y 25-30 años y se compararon con los baremos anteriores. Se constató que el efecto Flynn es seguido de un Efecto Meseta: luego del aumento significativo de los puntajes durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX, se aprecia una detención de tal crecimiento. Las razones que explicaron el crecimiento de los puntajes no resultan suficientes para poder entender que ya no aumenten. Los sujetos evaluados se corresponden con los denominados nativos digitales. Lo que caracteriza a estos grupos generacionales denominados Millennials y Centennials, está ligado al desarrollo tecnológico. Sobre esta base construyen un modo de entender el mundo y de comunicarse, tan particular y diferente a lo conocido que podría estar impactando sobre las puntuaciones obtenidas en la prueba.
Abstract This article shows the results in the construction of the Raven Progressive Matrices Test's norms, for La Plata, Argentina. These results were compared with the results obtained in 1964 and 2000. A sample of 933 subjects of 19-30 years old that have completed the high school was selected. The Test was administrated collectively, without time limit and with the examiner's presence. The results have been analyzed in four age groups: 19-20, 21-22, 23-24 and 25-30 years old, and then compared with the previous norms. It was found that the Flynn Effect is followed by a Plateau Effect: after a significant growth of average scores during the second half of the 20th century this effect has now stopped. The reasons that had explained their growth are not enough to explain this detention. The evaluated subjects are digital natives. These generational groups' (Millennials and Centennials) characteristics are linked to technological advance. They build over this their ways of seeing the world and communicating. This could be having an impact on the scores, causing the Plateau Effect.
ABSTRACT
La evaluación de la inteligencia en población adulto mayor ha aumentado su relevancia debido al incremento de la esperanza de vida. Este estudio centra su interés en la pertinencia de normas disponibles para el Test de Matrices Progresivas de Raven para dicha población. Se utilizaron normas de Colchester (1942, en Raven, Court y Raven, 2008), las más completas existentes. Participaron 102 adultos mayores voluntarios (más de 60 años). El diseño fue no experimental transversal correlacional. Los resultados indican que las normas resultan poco exigentes para ese grupo y que existen diferencias significativas entre los adultos de la tercera y cuarta edad, privilegiando a los del primer grupo. El índice de discrepancia mostró alta sensibilidad, indicando que la distribución de puntajes esperados no se corresponde al de la población general. Se discuten los resultados en torno a la necesidad de actualización de las normas y la consideración de las nuevas características de este periodo vital.
The assessment of intelligence in the elderly population has increased its importance in terms of increased life expectancy. The present study focuses its interest on the relevance of available norms for Raven Progressive Matrices Test in the evaluation of elderly population. Standards were used Colchester (1942, en Raven, Court y Raven, 2008), the most comprehensive available. The non-probability sample involved 102 elderly (aged over 60 years old) who were volunteers. The study used a non-experimental cross-correlation design. The results indicate that the current norms are not very demanding for the aging population, and that there are significant differences between adults of the third and fourth age, better for the first group. Moreover, the discrepancy index showed high sensitivity, indicating that the expected distribution of scores does not correspond to the general population. Results are discussed regarding the need to update the norms and the consideration of the new features involved in this vital period.
A avaliação da inteligência na população idosa tem aumentado sua importância devido ao aumento da expectativa de vida. Este estudo está centrado na relevância das normas disponíveis para o teste de Matrizes Progressivas de Raven para essa população. Foram utilizadas as normas de Colchester (1942, citado por Raven, Court y Raven, 2008), as mais completas disponíveis. Participaram 102 idosos voluntários (com idade superior a 60 anos). O desenho do estudo foi não experimental transversal correlacional. Os resultados indicam que as normas são pouco exigentes para esse grupo e que existem diferenças significativas entre os adultos da terceira e quarta idade, privilegiando o primeiro grupo. O índice de discrepância mostrou alta sensibilidade, indicando que a distribuição de pontuações esperadas não corresponde a da população em geral. Os resultados são discutidos em relação à necessidade de atualização das normas e da consideração das novas características desse período vital.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Aging/psychology , IntelligenceABSTRACT
O Desenho da Figura Humana (DFH) constitui um dos instrumentos mais utilizados na prática de avaliação psicológica no Brasil. São poucos os estudos de validade como instrumento de avaliação cognitiva. O presente trabalho analisa o desempenho de crianças belo horizontinas no DFH (sistema Wechsler de correção) e nos testes Matrizes Progressivas de Raven, Escala Verbal do WISC-III, Teste R-2 e Teste de Bender (sistema Koppitz). Os resultados de correlação parcial (controlando-se a idade das amostras) apontaram baixas associações,porém significativas, entre o DFH e os testes Raven (0,204); Escala Verbal do WISC-III (0,299); R-2 (0,330) eBender (-0,396). Por outro lado, ao comparar três sistemas de correção do DFH (Wechsler, Goodenough eHarris), encontraram-se altos coeficientes de correlação entre eles (0,72 a 0,79). Conclui-se que o DFH é umamedida "proxy" (intermediária) da inteligência e que demanda, em intensidade baixa a moderada, tanto componentes cognitivos quanto psicomotores. Também, observa-se não haver diferença substancial entre os três sistemas de correção, abrindo a possibilidade de usar um ou outro sistema.
The Human Figure Drawing Test (HFD) constitutes an instrument often used in Brazilian psychological assessmentpractices. Few studies of its validity as a cognitive assessment instrument can be found. The present paperanalyses the performance of several samples of children from Belo Horizonte on the HFD (Wechsler scoringsystem) and on others tests such as Ravens Coloured Progressive Matrices, verbal scale of WISC-III, R-2 Test,and Bender Test (Koppitz system). The results of partial correlation (controlling age) indicated low, but significantvalues, between HFD and Raven (.204); IQ verbal (.299); R-2 (.330), and Bender (-.396). In addition, threescoring systems of HFD (Wechsler, Goodenough, and Harris systems) were compared. High coefficients werefound (.72 to .79). It is concluded that the HFD is a proxy measure of intelligence and is fairly associated tocognitive and psychomotor abilities. On the other hand, there are not significant differences between the threescoring systems which means that it is possible to use either of them.
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Psychological TestsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the intellectual effects of arsenic in drinking water on children. Methods Intellectual effects were evaluated by computer-based reaction time and Combined Raven's Test. Children aged 9 to 11 years living in three villages of Inner Mongolia were investigated in April, 2006. The arsenic concentrations in the drinking water of the three villages were 0.16 mg/L, 0.09 mg/L and less than 0.05 mg/L (control group). Results The mean, fastest and slowest visual reaction time of children exposed to the high levels of arsenic through drinking water were longer than those of children in control. The differences of mean, fastest and slowest visual reaction time between girls exposed to 0.16 mg/L arsenic and control were significant; the differences of the mean and slowest visual reaction time between 10-year old children exposed to 0.16 mg/L arsenic and control were significant. IQ of girls exposed to 0.16 mg/L arsenic was significantly lower than that in control. Conclusion Intellectual function of children can be affected by arsenic in drinking water, and the intellectual effects of arsenic on girls are more obvious.
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Objective;To revise the third time the norm of Combined Raven's Test(CRT-C2) applied for 10 years by standardized sampling.Methods;According to the population distribution of national survey in 2001,sampling was chosen from 17 provinces of 6 administration districts.The range of each age group was one year(male;female 1;1).It was designed to have 240 children in each age group,from 7 to 16 years old in city and 7-14 years old in rural areas,with original CRT text book and instruction.Results;The averages of raw score among age groups had an obviously increase along with the age.The differences of same age group between city and countryside were showed significance.However,no difference of gender among all age groups was founded.The Cronbach's coefficient,reliability of re-test and split-half of rural children were 0.94,0.88 and 0.91 respectively.The correlation coefficients of test scores with the performances of Chinese and mathematics subject were 0.35 and 0.40.Conclusion;Two age norms of city(CRT-CC3)and countryside(CRT-RC3)were established based on new standardized sampling.
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The results of Danver test and Raven test on 238 > 6 years old of age children with cerebral palsy in HaTay province were assessed. With Ravent test, only 2% among them had not mental retardation, but 98% had mental retardation in various levels. Among the subjects of floppy form of cerebral palsy there is not any case of normal mental level, but a light level of retardation. With Denver test, 26% of cerebral palsy children had got normal development in comparing with the other. But there are different levels of retardation in various domains, 97% of cerebral palsy children got retardation in mobility domain, 85% in individual and social domain, 61% in adaptative mobility and 53.7% in laguage domain
Subject(s)
Cerebral Palsy , Brain , Brain DiseasesABSTRACT
@#ObjectiveTo study the impact of stroke on elderly's mental status.Methods71 elderly inpatients aged between 60 to 90 who suffered stroke(31 cases) or not(40 cases) were assessed the mental status as a whole, the evaluation of comprehension of linguistic information,and non-verbal reasoning abilities using Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE), Token Test and Raven Test.The relationships between these cognitive aspects and stroke was also analysed.ResultsThere were 68% of elderly suffering dementia symptoms in stroke group which was much higher than Non-stroke group (15%).The correlation between MMSE and Token is more close than the correlation between MMSE and Raven in stroke group. The correlations among MMSE, Token and Raven were significant different between stroke and Non-stroke groups. There is a positive correlation coefficient between age and Token scores in dementing patients; whereas a closer relationship between age, education level and Raven in Non-stroke group was found. This implied the impacts of stroke on the time-course of mental degeneration.Conclusions stroke can interrupt normal mental structure and speed up the process of degeneration of cognitive functions. Semantic dysfunction might manifestation earlier than non-linguistic functions. Token is more sensitive than Raven in detecting dementia symptoms of stroke type.